NORTH POLE. 
160 
favages that were fled. There, in the fame place, they 
found a boote of leather, garnilhed on the outward fide 
of the calfe with certaine brave trades, as it were of rawe 
filke, and found a certaine great warme mitten. And, 
thefe caryed with them, they returned to their (hippe, 
not finding the favages, nor feeing any thing elfe befides 
the foyle, and the things growing in the lame, which 
chiefly were fiore of firre and pine trees. 
“And further the faid Mr. Dawbeney told him, that 
lying there they grew into great want of victuals, and 
that there they found fmalle reliefe, more than that they 
had from the neft of an ofprey, that brought hourely to 
her yong great plentie of divers forts of fifhes. But fuch 
was the famine that increafed amongft them from day to 
day, that they were forced to feeke to relieve theinfelves 
of raw herbes and rootes that they fought on the maine: 
but, the famine increafing, and the reliefe of herbes being 
to little purpofe to fatisfie their infatiable hunger, in the 
fieldes and deferts here and there, the fellow killed his 
mate while he Hooped to take up a roote for his reliefe, 
and, cutting out pieces of his bodie whom he had mur- 
thered, broyled the fame on the coles and greedily de¬ 
voured them. By this meane the company decreafed, 
and the officers knew not what had become of them ; and 
it fortuned that one of the company, driven with hunger 
■to feeke abroade for reliefe, found out in the fieldes the 
favour of broyled flefli, and fell out with one for that he 
would fuft'er him and his fellowes to fterve, enjoying 
plentie as he thought; and, this matter growing to cruell 
(peaches, he that had the broyled meate burft out into 
thefe wordes : If thou wouldeft needesknovv, the broyled 
meate I had was a piece of fuch a man’s buttocke. The 
report of this brought to the Ihip, the captaine found 
what became of thofe that were miffing. But, the famine 
Hill increafing, and the inconvenience of the men that 
were miffing being found, they agreed amongft them- 
felves, rather than all fliould perifh, to caft lots who 
fnould be killed ; and fuch was the mercie of God, that 
the fame night there arrived a French fhip in that port, 
well furnifhed with vittaile; and fuch was the policie of 
the Englifh, that they became mafters of the fame, and, 
changing fliips and victualling them, they fet fayle to 
come into England. They arrived at St. Ive’s in Corne- 
wall about the ende of OCtober, from thence they de¬ 
parted unto a certain caftle belonging to fir John Luttrell, 
where M. Thomas Buts, and M. Raftall, and other gen¬ 
tlemen of the voyage, were very friendly entertained ; 
after that they came to the earle of Bathe at Bathe, and 
thence to Briftol, fo to London. M. Buts was fo changed 
in the voyage with hunger and miferie, that fir William 
his father, and my lady his mother, knew him not to be 
their fonne, until they found a fecret mark, which was a 
wart upon one of his knees, as he told me, Richard 
Hakluyt of Oxford, himfelfe ; to whom I rode 200 miles 
to learn the whole trueth of this voyage from his own 
mouth, as being the onely man now alive that was in this 
difcoverie. Certaine months after, thofe Frenchmen came 
into England, and made complaint to king Henry VIIL 
The king, caufing the matter to be examined, and finding 
the great diftrefle of his fubiefts and the caufes of deal¬ 
ing fo with the French, was fo mooved with pitie, that 
he punifhed not his fubjeCts, but of his own purfe made 
full and royail recompence unto the French.” 
The attention of the merchants of England engaged 
in foreign trade appears to have chiefly been confined to 
the Flemifh towns, the ifland of Iceland, and to a limited 
fifhery on the banks of Newfoundland, during the firft 
half of the fixteenth century. But the return of Sebaftian 
Cabot, and the knowledge of his great enterprifes in the 
fervice of Spain, infufed into the minds of the merchants 
of England that fpirit of enlarged adventure which had 
but feebly fhown itfelf at the commencement of the cen¬ 
tury, and then confined to one quarter of the globe. 
'fke reputation of this able navigator was fo firmly efta- 
blifhed on his return to England, that, in addition to the 
liberal penfion granted to him by Edward VI. he was 
conftituted Grand Pilot of England, and “ Governor of 
the Myfterie and Companie of the Marchants Adven¬ 
turers for the difcoverie of regions, dominions, iflands, 
and places, unknowen.” It was at his fuggeftiop that 
a voyage was undertaken, in the year 1553, for the difco- 
very of a north-eaft paffage to Cathaia; and the ordinances 
and inftrufitions drawn up by him on this occafion are fuch 
as do him infinite honour, not only for the chafte ftyle 
in which they are written, but alfo for the liberal and en¬ 
lightened fentiments which run throughout this early 
performance. Ordinances, Injlru&ions, $-c. by M. Sebuflian 
Cabola, Efquier; quoted by Hakluyt, vol. i. p. 226. 
The fhips fitted out for this expedition of difcovery 
were the Bona Efperanza, admiral of the fleet, of the 
burden of 120 tons, having with her a pinnace and a 
boat; and fir Hugh Willoughby, as captain general of 
the fleet, was appointed to command her; the Edward 
Bonadventure, of 160 tons, with a pinnace and a boat, 
the command of which was given to Richard Chancelor, 
captain and pilot-major of the fleet, and Stephen Burough 
was mafter of the Ihip; and the Bona Confidentia, of 90 
tons, having alfo a pinnace and a boat, of which Corne¬ 
lius Durfoorth was mafter. The number of perfons in 
the firft (hip was thirty five, including fix merchants ; in 
the fecond fifty, including two merchants ; and in the 
third twenty-eight, including three merchants. 
This firft regular expedition for difcoveries excited the 
mod lively intereft at the court and in the capital; and, 
fo fanguine were the promoters of the voyage of its fuc- 
cefs in reaching the Indian feas, that they caufed the (hips 
to be (heathed with lead as a protection againft the worms 
which, they had underftood, were deftruftive of wooden 
(heathing in the Indian climates ; and thefe are probably 
the firft (hips that in England were coated with a metallic 
fubftance. From the account of the voyage written by 
Clement Adams, “ fchoolernafter to the queene’s henfli- 
men,” it would appear that feveral perfons of great experi¬ 
ence were candidates for the command; but that fir Hugh 
Willoughby, a valiant gentleman and well born, was 
preferred before all others, “ both by reafon of his goodly 
perfonage (for he was of tall ftature), as alfo for his An¬ 
gular lkill in the fervices of warre.” Qn the day ap¬ 
pointed for the failing of the expedition from Ratcliffe, 
which was the 20th of May, “ they faluted their ac¬ 
quaintance, one his wife, another his children, and an¬ 
other his kinsfolkes, and another his friends deerer than 
his kinsfolkes after which the (hips dropped down to 
Greenwich, where the court then was. The great (hips 
were towed down by the boats, “ the marriners being 
all apparelled in watchet or (kie-coloured cloth. The 
courtiers came running out, and the common people flockc 
together, (landing very thicke upon the (lioare; the privie 
contel, they lookt out at the windowes of the court, and 
the reft ranne up to the toppes of the towers; the (hippes 
hereupon difcharge their ordinance, and (hoot off their 
pieces after the maner of warre and of the fea, infomuch 
that the tops of the hilles founded therewith, the valleys 
and the waters gave an echo, and the mariners they 
(houted in fuch fort, that the (kie rang againe with the 
noife thereof.” 
The refult of this voyage, which held out fuch fair pro- 
mifes, was mod difaftrous to the gallant fir Hugh Wil¬ 
loughby and his brave affociates; who, with the whole 
of the merchants, officers, and (hip’s company, as well 
as thofe of the Bona Confidentia, to the number of fe- 
venty perfons, perilfied miferably from the effe&s of cold 
or hunger, or both, on a barren and uninhabited part of 
the eaftern coaft of Lapland, at the mouth of a river called 
Arzina, not far from the harbour of Kegor. The (hips, 
and the dead bodies of thofe who thus perifhed, were dif- 
covered the following year by fomeRuftian fiftiermen; and, 
by fome papers found in the admiral’s (hip, and efpecially 
