NORTH POLE. 
Englijh. Northern. Southern. 
Black ftoneof thelamps Okekefuk Ouyarak(any Stone.) 
Hook by which the ? Keli fnJt Houfut . 
lamp hangs J x 
Auks (birds) 
Akpalliarfuk Akpalliarffiufweet. 
Boiled meat 
Otelu 
Oiotoclu. 
Sledge 
Kamoutic Kamoutipalouit. 
Traces for the dogs Pittiutet Upiutet. 
Englijh. 
EJ'quimaux. 
Englijh. 
Efquimaux. 
Man, 
Innuk. 
Dog, 
Kimuk. 
Men, 
Innuit. 
Ice, 
Sicou. 
Son, 
Enra. 
Sea-water, 
Himinok. 
Daughter, 
Pani. 
FreSh-water, 
Himuk. 
Eyes, 
Pifik. 
Sea-horfe, 
Havuk. 
Nofe, 
Kingak. 
Whale, 
Haphuk. 
Mouth, 
Kannek. 
One, 
Attaufit. 
Skins, 
Hammuk. 
Two, 
Arlek. 
Sun, 
Snccanuk. 
Three, 
Pingafut. 
Fire, 
Innek. 
Four, 
Siffimat. 
Seal, 
Fuifi. 
Five, 
Tellimat. 
The red fnow, an account of which was firft commu¬ 
nicated to the public in the Literary Journal, is thus de- 
fcribed by Capt. Rofs. “ We now discovered that the 
fnow on the face of the cliffs prefented an appearance 
both novel and interesting, being apparently Stained or 
covered by Some fubftance which gave it a deep crimfon- 
colour. Many conjectures were afloat concerning the 
caufe of this appearance ; it was at once determined that 
it could not be the dung of birds, for thoufands of thefe, 
of various defcriptions, were feen repeatedly fitting on 
the ice, and on the fnow, but without producing any 
fuch effect.” 
A boat, with Mr. Rofs, and Mr. Beverley, the affiftant- 
furgeon, and a party, were lent to bring off l'ome of the 
fnow', and to make what remarks they could on the cir¬ 
cumstances attending it, as well as to procure Specimens 
of the animal, vegetable, and mineral, kingdoms. “ They 
found that the fnow was penetrated even down to the 
rock, in many places to a depth of fen or twelve feet, by 
the colouring matter, and that it had the appearance of 
having been a long time in that Stale. The boat returned 
at feven with a quantity of the Show, together with fpe- 
cimens of the vegetation and of the rocks. The fnow 
was immediately examined by a microfcope magnifying 
no times; and the fubftance appeared to confift of par¬ 
ticles like a very minute round Seed, which were exactly 
of the fame fize, and of a deep red colour ; on fome of 
the particles a Small dark fpeck was alfo feen. It was the 
general opinion of the officers who examined it by the 
microfcope, that it mull be vegetable, and this opinion 
feemed to gain Strength by the nature of the places where 
it was found; thefe were the Sides of the hills, about 600 
feet high, on the tops of which was feen vegetation of a 
yellowiffi-green and reddiffi-brown colours. The extent 
of thefe cliffs was about eight miles; behind them, at a 
confiderable diftance, high mountains were feen, but the 
Snow which covered thefe was not coloured. In the even¬ 
ing I caufed fome of the fnow to be diflolved and bottled, 
when-the water had the appearance of muddy port-wine : 
in a few hours it depofited a fediment, which was exa¬ 
mined by the microfcope; fome of it was bruifed, and 
found to be compofed wholly of red matter; when applied 
to paper, it produced a colour nearell to Indian red. It 
•was preferved in three Slates, viz. diffolved and bottled, 
the fediment bottled, and the fediment dried : thefe have 
been examined fince our return to this country, and va¬ 
rious opinions given concerning it; but Dr. Wollafton 
feems to concur in that which we originally had, of its 
being a vegetable fubftance produced on the mountain 
immediately above it. It cannot be a marine production, 
as in feveral parts we faw it at leaft fix miles from the 
lea, but always on the face or near the foot of the moun¬ 
tain.”. 
207 
Dr. Wollafton, to whom a quantity of it was fubmittcd 
by Capt. Rofs, fays : “ With refpeCt to the exaCl origin 
of that fubftance which gives rednefs to the fnow, I ap¬ 
prehend we may not be able to give a decided opinion for 
want of afufficient knowledge of the productions of thofe 
regions in which it was found ; but, from all the circum¬ 
stances of its appearance and of the fubftances which ac¬ 
company it, I am Strongly inclined to think it to be of 
vegetable origin. The red matter itfelf confifts of minute 
globules ; I believe their coat to be colourlefs, and that 
the rednefs belongs wholly to the contents, which feevn 
to be of an oily nature, and not fc-luble in water, but So¬ 
luble in rectified lpirits of wine; when the globules are 
highly magnified and feen with Sufficient light, they ap¬ 
pear internally fubdivided into about eight or ten cells. 
They bear to be dried by the heat of boiling water, with¬ 
out lofs of colour. By deftruCtive distillation they yield 
a fcetid oil, accompanied with ammonia, which might 
lead to the fuppofition that they are of animal origin; but, 
fince the feeds of various plants alfo yield this product, 
and fince the leaves of Fuci alfo yield ammonia by diltil- 
lation, I do not difcover any thing in the globules them- 
felves which Shows distinctly from what fource they were 
derived. I find, however, along with them, a Small por¬ 
tion of a cellular lubftance, which not only has thefe 
globules adherent to its furface, but alfo contained in its 
interior; and this fubftance, which I mult therefore con¬ 
sider as of the Same origin with them, appears, by its mode 
of burning, to be decidedly vegetable, as I know of no 
animal Substance which foinftantly burns away to a white 
affi, as foon as it is heated to rednefs. The firft concep¬ 
tion I formed as to their nature was, that they might be 
the fpawn of a minute fpecies of Shrimp, which is known 
to abound in thofe Seas, and which might be devoured by 
the myriads of water-fowl obferved there, and voided with 
their dung ; but in that cal’e they Should undoubtedly be 
found mixed with the exuviae of thofe animals, which is 
not the faCt; but they are found accompanied Solely by 
vegetable fubltances, in one of which they are actually 
contained. If they are from the Sea; there feems no 
limit to the quantity that may be carried to land by a 
continued and violent wind ; no limit to the period dur¬ 
ing which they may have accumulated, Since they would 
remain from year to year, undiminiShed by the procefles 
of thawing and evaporation, which remove the fnow with 
which they are mixed. I regret that the fcantinefs of our 
information does not enable us to come to any fatisfaCtory 
conclufion ; and can only hope that future navigators may 
have an opportunity of collecting materials to elucidate 
fo curious a phenomenon.” 
On the point where this party landed, they found, con¬ 
trary to their expectations, feveral fpots of thick coarfe 
grafs, in J'ome places eight or nine inches in length. The 
foil was a defcription of foft fpongy mofs, in fome parts 
from two to three inches in thicknefs. Such portions of 
it as were not covered with grafs, prefented a beautiful 
furface of loft-tufted mofs, which the natives ufe as wicks 
to their lamps. They brought a confiderable quantity 
on-board. 
Nothing of importance occurred after this. The Ship 
did indeed proceed as far as lat. 76. 46. 40. N. and Ion. 
73. 56. W. This was on the 20th of Auguft; and the 
fame night, between eleven and twelve, they made fail to 
the Southward, and abandoned the fearch fora paflage in 
this quarter, “ from a thorough conviction, IJhouldhope, 
(Says the Journal of the officer on-board Parry’s Ship,) 
that not any fuch paflage exists here.” 
To difprove the existence of a north-weft paflage from 
the northernmost extremity of Baffin’s Bay, Capt. Rofs 
States the following circumstances : “ On the 19th of Au¬ 
gust, at fifty minutes paft midnight, the Ship being nearly 
on the feventy-feventh degree of north latitude, ten 
leagues to the westward of Cape Sauinarez, which forms 
the ealt fide and the bottom of this bay, the land was dis¬ 
tinctly Seen, On the 20th and 21ft, when off Cape Cla¬ 
rence, 
