NOV 
NOV 
Vince contains many forefts: as the foil is generally bar¬ 
ren, it derives its fupplies of grain from England, which 
alto fends to thefe provinces linen and woollen cloths, 
and other articles, to the amount of about 30,000b and 
receives timber and fifh w'orth about 50,000b The chief 
fithery is that of cod, on the Cape Sable coalL 
NOVA ZEM'BLA, Novaya Zemlia, or New Land, 
a Ruffian ifland, or rather a group of five iflands, with the 
intervening channels always filled with ice, fituated in the 
Frozen or Northern Ocean. Of'the numerous iflands in 
this ocean. Nova Zembla and Kalgeva are the mod con- 
fiderable; but both are uninhabited, and frequented only 
by fifhermen and hunters. The former is indeed well 
fupplied with water; but is rocky, unfertile, and defti- 
tute of wood, furniffiing vegetation only for a few Hunted 
bufltes and polar plants. It abounds, how r ever, with rein¬ 
deer, white bears, white and blue foxes; and the ffiores 
fwarm with morfes, walrufles, and various kinds of fifh. 
Its magnitude is eftimated at 632 miles in length, 340 in 
breadth, and 2060 in circumference, without following 
the finuofities. On the northern fide it is entirely enconi- 
paffed with ice-mountains ; and to the fouth is the fea of 
Cara, Kara, or Karfkoge, in which the tide flows about 
two feet nine inches. Among the lakes of this ifland 
there is one of fait water. From the middle of Oftober till 
February the fun is not at all vifible ; but they have the 
advantage of numerous and ftrong north-lights, and of 
much moon-light ; and for two months; viz. June and 
July, the fun never fets. Between this ifland and the 
main continent, is the famous paflage known by the name 
of Waygat’s Strait, which we have had frequent occafion 
to mention under the article North Pole. 
This country was firft difcovered by the Englifh, in the 
year 1553. It has often been vifited by (hips attempting 
to difcover a north-eaft paflage ; and in the year 1596, a 
Dutch veflfel being wrecked on the coaft, the ieamen paffied 
the winter in this unhappy country, but were with great 
difficulty preferred alive. Since that, fome Ruffians have 
palled a winter there without buffering lb much. Some 
human beings have been been there at times; but they are 
not buppofed to be inhabitants, but Samoeids, who have 
ventured acrofs, either in canoes or on the ice, for fifh or 
game. Lat. 70. 30. to 78. N. Ion. 53. to 78. E. 
NOVAC', a town of Iftria : fifteen miles north-eaft of 
Rovigno. 
NOVAC'ULA PIS'CIS, the Razor-fish. See Cory- 
PK 7 ENA novacula. 
NOVACULA'RUM LA'PIS, f The name given by 
De Laet toaftone which he deferibes from Ximenes, who 
has it under the American name iztli. It is the ftone out 
, of which the natives of America made their weapons of 
war, and tools for other ufes of life, before they knew 
the ube of iron. 
There are three bpecies of this ftone; the one blue, an¬ 
other white, and the other black ; they are all capable of 
a very high polifh, and, when bet in gold or filver, are very 
highly elteemed by the natives; they reflect the images 
of things, in the manner of all other highly-poliflied 
bodies; and the two firft are confiderably tranbparent. 
There are beveral quarries of thebe ftones in the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Mexico, whence the Indians ubed to get 
them ; they naturally bplit, in the getting our, into angu¬ 
lar and edged figures, and thebe they afterwards fafliioned 
to the purpobes they wanted them for, and polifhed with 
the powder of a harder ftone. 
They ftill make knives of them, in a very expeditious 
and very remarkable manner. They hold the mabs of 
ftone between their feet, and, with an inftrument prepared 
on puruofe, they cut off pieces of four or five inches long, 
and about an inch broad, riling to a prominence on each 
fide in the middle, and growing very thin toward the 
edges ; it is wonderful to bee with what expedition they 
ftnilh this odd workmanfhip. The knives, when made, 
are (harper than any other inftrument in the world ; but 
they are very tender, eafily broken, and more eafily bat- 
Vql.XVII. No. 1176. 
265- 
tered, and notched at the edges. They make albo longer 
■weapons of the fame fhape out of this ftone, which they 
fix into wooden handles with a fort of guin ; and thefe 
berve them as bwords. They are very terrible weapons for 
one blow', but they beldom hold together bo as to bear a 
becond. They make albo the heads of their arrows with 
them; and, when thefe were firft bound by our travellers, 
they were not buppofed to be of human workmanfhip, but 
to have fallen from heaven in thunder. Ximenes Hi ft. hid. 
Occid. lib. x. c. 13. 
NO'VZE, in ancient geography, atown of Low'er Mce- 
fia, upon the route from Viminiacum to Nicoinedia, ac¬ 
cording to the Itin. Anton, between Dimon and Scaidava: 
bever.teen miles from the former, and eighteen from the 
latter.—A town of Upper Moefia, upon the route from 
Viminiacum to Nicoinedia, between Cuppas and Talia : 
twenty-four miles from the former, and thirty-two from 
the latter.—A town of the becond Pannonia. It is placed 
by Antonine, in his Itinerary, along the coaft of Gaul, 
on the route from Tauranum between Murba and An- 
tianas : twenty-four miles from the former, and twenty- 
three from the latter. 
NO'VAi, or Ad No'vas, a town of Macedonia, upotv 
the route from Hydrus to Aulon, between Apollonia and 
Claudianse: twenty-four miles from the firft, and twenty- 
five from the becond. 
NO'VbE TABER'NAJ, the new (hops built in the 
borum at Rome, and adorned with the fhields of the 
Cimbri ; as the Veteres Taberna were with thole of the 
Samnites. Livy. 
NOVA'IA, a towm of Ruffia, in the government of 
Tobolfk, on the Irtilch : one hundred miles eaft-bouth- 
eaft of Tobolfk. 
NOVA'LE, a town of Italy, in the Trevifan, on the 
Mubone. It contains one parochial and borne other 
churches, a convent, beveral palaces, and about 1200 in¬ 
habitants : ten miles bouth of Trevigio. 
NOVA'LE, f. in our ancient cuftoms, denotes land 
newly ploughed, and converted into tillage; and which 
had net been tilled within the memory of man before. — 
Quod no vale Jemel fait,Jemper erit novale quoad decimarum 
rctentionem vel Jblutionem. “What was one e novale, will 
ever remain 1b, as to the paying or non-paying of rythes.” 
Pat. 6 Edw. III.— Novale is bometimes albo ubed for fallow 
land ; i. e. land which has been ploughed for two years, 
and refts,or lies fallow, one more ; orthat lies fallowevery 
other 3'ear. Chambers. 
NOVALE'SE, a town of. Italy, fituated on the river 
Doria : five miles north of Sufa. 
NOVALE'SE, a town of Sardinia: fix miles weft-nort’n- 
weft of Chamber}'. 
NOVALLE'RA, a towm of Italy, in the department of 
the Panaro, and capital of a bmall principality, held as a 
fief of the empire by the duke of Modena. Befides this 
town, the principality contains only a few villages. It is 
nine miles north of Reggio. 
NOVANAGUR', a town of Hindooftan, in Guzerat: 
thirty miles lbuth-lbuth-eaft: of Puttan Sumnaut. 
NOVAN'T/E, one of the ancient Brilifh nations which, 
according to Ptolemy, occupied the territory fouth of 
the wall of Antoninus, between the friths of Forth and 
Clyde, ftationed near the peninbula called Novantum, 
now' the Mull of Galloway. They poflefled, according 
to Camden, the countries of Galloway, Carrick, Kyle, 
and Cunningham. Baxter fuppobes they w'ere called No- 
vanise from the Britifh w'ord Noto-heat, New Inhabitant; 
and that they had come originally from the neighbouring 
■coafts of Ireland. He farther obberves, that their more 
modern name of Gallowadians albo implies that they were 
ftrangers. Their towns were Lucohidion, fignifying the 
bame with Candida Caja in Latin, and Wkitheru in Saxon, 
and deriving its name from a cuftom of the ancient Celts, 
of white-w’afhing their chief buildings ; and Retigonium, 
or, as Camden and Baxter imagine it was written, Bere- 
goniunt, being Bargeny in Carrick. , 
3 Y NOVA'RAj 
