(I c o 
405 
CE C O 
O'DRAU, or O'der, a town of Silefia, in the princi¬ 
pality of Troppau, near the Oder: thirty-two miles weft- 
fouth-weft of Tefchen, and feventeen fouth of Troppau. 
Lat. 49. 35. N. Ion. 17. 59. E. 
ODROU'R, a town of Hindooftan, in Dowlatabad : 
twenty-three miles weft of Indelavoy. 
O'DYCK, a town of Holland, in the department of 
Utrecht: nine miles fouth-eaft of Utrecht. 
CE. This combination of vowels does not properly 
belong to our language, nor is ever found but in words 
derived from the Greek, and not yet wholly conformed 
to our manner of writing. See Economy, &c. vol. vi. 
OE, a (mail ifland of Denmark, fituated a little to the 
north of Laland. Lat. 54. 58. N. Ion. 11.31. E. 
CEB'ARES, a groom of Darius fon of Hyftafpes. He 
■was the caufe that his mafter obtained the kingdom of 
Perfia, by his artifice in making his horfe neigh firft. 
Herodotus. 
CEB'SFELD, a town of Weftphalia, in the duchy of 
Magdeburg, on the Aller, late belonging to the principa¬ 
lity of Hefl’e Homburg : thirty miles north-weft of Mag¬ 
deburg, and thirty north-eaft of Brunfwick. 
CECOLAMPA'DIUS, called in his own country 
IIaukschein (John), one of the moft learned of the 
German reformers, was born at Winfperg, a village in 
Franconia, in the year 1482. He was educated with a 
view to fome learned profeftion ; and was, when he had 
made confiderable progrefs in grammar-learning, fent to 
the univerfity of Heidelberg, where he was admitted to 
the degree of bachelor of philofophy when only fourteen 
years of age. As foon as he had taken the degree of M. A. 
his parents fent him to Bologna in Italy, with a view to 
his ftudying the law under the celebrated profeffors of 
jurifprudence for whom that univerfity was in high re¬ 
putation. After the end of fix months he returned to 
Heidelberg, where he gave up all thoughts of ftudying 
the law as a profeftion, and applied himfelf to theology. 
Ilis objedft was very different from the ufual courfe pur¬ 
ified at that period ; inftead of aiming at the glory of ex¬ 
celling as a difputant in the public exercifes of the uni¬ 
verfity, his chief ambition was to (lore his mind w ith va¬ 
luable and ufeful knowledge. When he had finifhed the 
ufual academical ftudies, he -quitted the univerfity; and, 
having received prieft’s orders, he entered upon a living 
at Winfperg,, his native place, which had been endowed 
by his father. Pie had not officiated many weeks, when 
a diffidence in his own talents and qualifications led him 
to obtain leave to go to Stutgard for further improvement, 
where he attended the 1 eftures of the learned Reuchlin, 
and perfefted himfelf in the Greek and Hebrew' languages. 
After this he returned to his benefice, and was diltin- 
guifhed by the great zeal and diligence wfith which he per¬ 
formed the feveral duties attached to the paftoral office. 
During the refidence of CEcolampadius at the univerfity 
of Heidelberg, he had contradfed an intimacy with Wolf¬ 
gang Capito, who was now fettled at Bafil, and who ob¬ 
tained for his friend an invitation from the bifhop of Bafil 
to become a preacher in that city ; and, upon his arrival, 
the prelate appointed him to the duties of the principal 
church. This was in the year 1515 ; and in the following 
year, w'hen QEcolampadius was about thirty-four years of 
age, he took his degree of D. D. At this period Erafmus 
came to Bafil to print his Annotations on the New Tefta- 
ment, in which work he was aftifted by CEcolampadius, 
>vho, in a ftiort time, was invited to fettle at Augfburg, 
where he preached in the great church; but, finding a 
itrong leaning towards the principles of the reformation, 
and not having courage to rifk the confequences of fuch 
a change in his opinions, he entered the monartery of 
Alton, in the neighbourhood of Augfburg, to avoid being 
queftioned on the fubjedl. His friends greatly difap- 
proved of this ftep, urged him to quit the monaftery, and 
a regard to his private fafety led him, at length, to com¬ 
ply with their folicitations. He had already given his 
private opinions in favour of the reformers, and had, by 
Vol. XVII. No. 1186. 
his publications, particularly one On Confeffion, given a 
ftrong handle to his enemies, of whom John Glaffio, a 
Francifcan, and chaplain to Charles V. projected the de- 
fign of taking him into cuftody, and holding him up as 
an example of fignal punifhment; he had, however, in¬ 
formation of their defign three days before it was to be 
put into execution, and by this he was enabled to retire 
out of the reach of his enemies. 
Having arrived in fafety at Bafil in 1522, he applied 
himfelf to the tranflation into Latin of St. Chryfoilom’s 
Commentary upon the Book of Genefis. He was almort: 
immediately appointed profeffor of divinity by the fenate, 
and in the following year was nominated minifter of St. 
Martin’s parifh. Thefe inftances of preferment he re- 
fufed to accept, but upon the exprefs conditions that he 
fhould be at perfeft: liberty to teach whatever was clearly 
warranted, according to bis own opinions, by the facred 
Scriptures, and that he fhould not be obliged to retain 
fuch popifti ceremonies as he confidered to be ufelefs. He 
now felt his mind at liberty, and openly preached againft 
the leading tenets of the church of Rome, and was at¬ 
tended by very crowded auditories, who readily embraced 
the fentiments of the reformers. One of the firft altera¬ 
tions which he introduced, under the fanftfion of public 
authority, was that of adopting the vulgar tongue at the 
baptifm of infants. Afterwards the facrifice of the mafs 
was abolifhed, and the facrament of the Lord's Supper was 
ordered to be adminiftered in both kinds. Our reformer 
went (fill further, and held up to contempt, as fuperfti- 
tious ceremonies, the ufe of holy water, confecrated 
palms, tapers, &c. While the reformation was taking 
deep root at Bafil, thedifpute took place between Luther 
and Zuingle concerning the manner of Chrift’s prefence 
in the eucharift : in this controverfy CEcolampadius em¬ 
barked oh the fide of Zuingle, and in 1525 publifhed a 
Latin treatife in defence of his opinion, entitled De 
Vero Intelleftu Verborum Domini, Hoc (ft corpus rncum ,” 
which was pronounced by the learned Erafmus to be 
drawn up with fo much (kill and ingenuity, that even the 
eleft were in danger of being feduced by it. In the year 
1527, the reformers having been challenged by the catho¬ 
lics to a public difpute at Baden, CEcolampadius entered 
the lifts againft Eckins, on the fubjeftts of tranfubftantia- 
tion, &c. After the difcufiions were ended, the Swifs who 
were prefent formed themfelves into two parties, of which 
one awarded the vifttory to Eckius, and the other to CEco- 
lampadius; and even the deputies from Bafil, where GEco- 
lampadius was held in the higheft eftimation, were divided 
upon the fubjeft. That the peace of the republic might 
not be difturbed by the contefts of their refpecfive parti- 
fans for fuperiority, the fennte very judicioufly and wifely 
palled a law, confirming both to the catholics and the re¬ 
formed the equal enjoyment of religious liberty. 
In 1528 our reformer married; and, having completed 
the reformation of the church at Bafil, he was called to 
Ulm, where, in conjuntlion with Martin Bucer and 
others, he eftablilhed the church of that city upon the 
fame plan of doftrine and difcipline which had been 
adopted by the reformed Swifs churches. In 1531, while 
he was diligently employed in the difcharge of his office 
as minifter of the church of Bafil, and zealoufty ferving 
the interefts of the reformed religion by his advice and 
writings, he was attacked by the plague, to which he fell 
a facrifice in the forty-ninth year of his age. To the ex¬ 
cellence of his charafter, both Catholics and Proteftants 
have borne ample teftimony ; and of his talents and learn¬ 
ing his works afford fufficient evidence ; thefe, which are 
numerous, confift of Annotations and Commentaries on 
the books of Genefis, Job, and the Pfalms, and upon the 
Prophecies, alfo on feveral books of the New Teftamenr. 
He tranflated into Latin various pieces of the fathers ; 
wrote numerous controverfial treatifes; and, after his 
death, an interefting volume of Letters between him and 
Zuingle w'as publifhed at Bafil in 1536. Gen. Blog. 
CECONOM'ICALLY, adv. In an ceconomical wav._ 
5 L ’J'he 
