41*2 
CE N O 
or purple flowers; the reft: are yellow. He obferves alfo, 
that this is fcarcely entitled to the diftindtion of a peren¬ 
nial. Native of Peru. 
S. Oenothera purpurea, or purple tree-primrofe : leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, glaucous, quite entire; capfules feflile; 
ftigma dark-purple. This is diftinguifhed by the glaucous 
appearance of the foliage, the purple hue of its corolla, 
and the dark colour of its ftigma.. It is about two feet 
high, and produces abundance of fine purple flower? in 
July and Auguft, open, like thole of the preceding, dur¬ 
ing the day. The feeds ripen in September. This plant 
is not in the Hortus Keweniis; but it appears from Mr. 
Donn’s Cambridge Catalogue, that it was introduced 
from the weftern coaft of North America in 1791. It is 
an annual, and a very ornamental fpecies. Mr. Donn names 
it humilis. 
9. Oenothera finuata, or fcallop-leaved tree-primrofe: 
leaves tooth-finuate; capfules prifrnatic. Stem Ample, 
round, a foot high, upright, nod'dingat top, when young 
hairy, when old fmoothilh. Flowers feflile, hairy on the 
calyx and germen ; petals yellow, obcordate, the fame 
length with the leaves of the calyx. It lieeps during the 
night, with the upper leaves hollowed. Native of North 
America. Introduced in 1770 by Monf. Richard. 
10. Oenothera fruticofa, or lhrubby tree-primrofe: 
leaves lanceolate, fomewhat toothed; capfules pedicelled, 
acute-angled ; raceme peduncled. This is a perennial, 
but altogether herbaceous, at leafl with us ; and there¬ 
fore improperly named fruticofa. The flowers, which are 
large and fliowy, though they open in the evening, remain 
expanded during molt of the enfuing day. The flower- 
buds, germen, and ftalk, are enlivened by a richnefs of 
colour, which contributes to render this fpecies one of the 
molt ornamental and definable of the genus. In cloudy 
weather the common tree-primrofe keeps open during the 
w hole of the day fubfequent to the evening of its expan- 
fion. Native of Virginia. It is exhibited on the preced¬ 
ing Engraving, at fig. 2. 
11. Oenothera pumila, or dwarf tree-primrofe: leaves 
lanceolate, blunt, fmooth, fubpetioled ; Hems proftrate, 
(afcending;) capfules acute-angled. This is diftinguifhed 
from all the fpecies with yellow flowers by the inferiority 
of its fize, in its rnoft luxuriant ftate rarely exceeding a 
foot in height, and commonly far more humble. It fends 
up many flowering-items, producing bloilbms from April 
to July; open in the morning as well as evening. The 
(talks are rather afcending than proftrate. Native of 
North America. Cultivated in 1757 by Mr. Miller; who 
had the feeds from Monf. Richard, the king of France’s 
gardener at Trianon. 
There are feveral other fpecies of Oenothera known, 
but not yet fufficiently afcertained. Two are figured by 
Jacquin in his magnificent work entitled leones Planta- 
rum Rariorum ; one by Mr. Curtis : and Mr. Profeffor 
Martyn railed another from feed given him by governor 
Philip, on his return from his government of New South 
Wales. Mr. Donn cultivates lixteen forts in the botanic 
garden at Cambridge. 
Propagation and Culture. The firft and fome of the 
other fpecies (3, 4, 6, 9.) are very hardy biennial plants. 
Sow the feeds in autumn ; when the plants come tip, 
thin them, and keep them clean ; the following autumn, 
tranfplant them to the places where they are deligned to 
flower. As the roots ftrike deep in the ground, care 
fliculd be taken not to cut or break them in removing. 
They will thrive in almoft any foil or lituation ; and will 
flower even in London, better than moll other plants. If 
once introduced, and the feeds permitted to fcatter, there 
will be a fupply of plants without any care. 2, 5, 7, 8, 
are more tender, and commonly confidered as green- 
houfeplants ; but, as they produce flowers and feeds in the 
open air, the plants are feldom preferved. They are all 
proper for affording ornament and variety, either in the 
open ground or among other potted plants. 
CENO'TRIA, a part of Italy which was afterwards 
CE S E 
called Lucania. It received this name from CEnotrus the 
fon of Lycaon, who fettled there with a colony of Arca¬ 
dians. The GEnotrians afterwards fpread themfelves into 
Umbria, and as far as Latium, and the country of the 
Sabines, according to fome writers. The name of (Enotrki 
is fometimes applied to all Italy. That part of Italy where 
CEnotrus fettled, was before inhabited by the Aufones. 
CENOTRI'DES, two (mail iftands in the Tufcan Sea, 
over againlt Velia, a town of Lucania, called Pontia and 
Ij'cia ; now Penza and Ischia; on the coaft of the Prin- 
cipato Citra, or to the weft of Naples. So called from 
the Oenotri, an ancient people of Italy. 
OEPA'TA , f. in botany. See Avicennia. 
OE'PEN, or Eupen, a town of Pruflia, on the Weae ; 
where they carry on confiderable manufactures of cloth, 
particularly blue and black, laid to be equal in goodnefs 
to that made in England. It is twelve miles fouth of 
Aix-la-Chapelle. 
O’ER, contradfed from over. See Over. 
His tears defac’d the furface of the well 
With circle after circle as they fell ; 
And now the lovely face but half appears, 
O’er-run with wrinkles, and defac’d with tears. Addifon. 
CERE'BRO. See Orebro. 
OE'REGR AND. See Ore'grund. 
OE'RI. See Aweri, vol. ii. 
OE'RL, a town of France, in the department of the 
Roer : ten miles north-iveft of Venloo. 
OER'NETZ, a town of Sweden, in Dalecarlia : five 
miles fouth of Fahlun. 
CERN'HIELM (Claudius), frequently called Arrhe¬ 
nius , hiftoriographer to the king of Sweden, was born at 
Linkioping in the year 1627. Having been educateciin 
his native place, he went for farther improvement to the 
academy atUpfal, where he applied himfelf very diligent¬ 
ly to polite literature, making hiftory the principal ob- 
jedl of his purfuit. Fn 1657 he was invited to accompany 
count Oxenftierna in a tour to foreign countries; and, on 
his return to Sweden, he became teacher in the academy 
of Upfal, and afterwards profeffor of logic and metaphy- 
fics. In 1668 he was chofen profeffor of hiftory ; and, in 
this lituation, he exerted his talents to throw light on the 
hiftory of his own' country, which till that period had 
been involved in great obfeurity. It was at this time that 
government eftablifhed an inftitution, denominated the 
College of Antiquities, of which our author was ap¬ 
pointed a member. This afforded him an opportunity to 
examine all the ancient records of the kingdom ; and, by 
thefe means, he collected a molt extenlive fund of mate¬ 
rials for the favourite objedt of his purfuit. In 16S7 he 
religned his profeflorfhip, and was chofen librarian to the 
academy, after having been ennobled by the name of 
CErnhielm. In 1689 he was made cenfor librorum regius; 
and died at Stockholm in 1695. The titles of his w'orks 
are given in the General Biography : of thefe the princi¬ 
pal are, 1. Kiftorite Suecorutn Gothorumque Eccleliafticas 
Libri iv. priores. 2. Vita Illuft. Herois Ponti de la Gavdie. 
3. Mularum Upfalienfium Pietas in Carolum XI. Regera 
Suecire, 1673. CErnhielm had, previoufly to his deceafe, 
been appointed by the government of his country to draw- 
up adefeription of all the towns, parishes, churches, &e. 
in Sweden, adapted to count Dahlberg’s views of them ; 
but this w'ork was fufpended by his death. 
OERO'E, or Aaroe, a. (mail illand of Denmark, in the 
Little Belt, between Fyen and Slefwick, with a town. 
Lat. 55. 16. N. Ion. 9. 45. E. 
OER'TZ, a river of Germany, which runs into the 
Aller four miles weft of Zelle. 
OESCII, or Oex, a town of Swifferland, in the canton 
of Berne : nineteen miles fouth of Friburg. 
CE'SEL, a rocky ifland of the Baltic, or Eaft Sea, at 
the entrance of the Gulf of Livonia. It is about feventy 
miles in length, and fifty in breadth, and contains ten 
parilhes. It is defended by the fortrefles of Airenfburg 
and 
