45(5 
OLE 
Patris per Jefum CbriRum ; 1709, 4to. written in oppod- 
tion to the Socinians. 8. Jef'us Chrift the true Meffiah, 
4to. in German. 9. The College Paftoral, in German, 
confiding of inftruftion for minifters, which was publiflied 
af-er his death, in the year 1718. Gen. Bios;. 
OLE'AROS, or Ol'iros, in ancient geography, one of 
the Cyclades, about fixteen miles in circumference, fepa- 
rated from Paros by a (freight of feven miles. 
O'LE'ARY (Arthur), an eminent Irifh catholic pried; 
in the lad: century, was born in the city of Cork, but in 
what year we are not informed. He wentto France atan 
early age, where he purfued his dudies at the college of 
St.Malo’s in Brittany; and he afterwards entered into 
the Frar.cifcan order of Capuchins. When hehad finidted 
his dudies, he was appointed chaplain to a regiment of 
his countrymen in the fervice of the French king; but, 
not entering warmly into the nteafnre of engaging the 
fubjefts of thefe kingdoms to enlid in foreign battalions, 
he incurred the difpleafure of thofe in power, and in a 
little time returned to his native country. By the abid¬ 
ance offome friends, he was enabled to build a ftnall cha¬ 
pe! at Cork, in which he officiated ; and a circumdance 
foon occurred, which procured him fome little provincial 
celebrity. About this time a Scotch phydeian had pub- 
iidied at Cork a work, entitled, “Thoughts on Nature 
and Religion,” which advanced fentiments hodile to the 
creed of the orthodox world. As no perfon among the 
protedants thought proper to anfwer him, father O'Leary 
applied to Dr. Mann, bidtop of the diocefe, for leave to 
enter the lids againd that author: and, as the protedant 
and catholic churches, happened to think alike on the 
points in quedion, he immediately obtained his lordlhip’s 
permiffion. Accordingly, foon after this appeared his 
“ Defence of the Divinity of Chrid, and the Immortality 
of the Soul.” When the parliament of Ireland (howed a 
difpofition to relax the rigour of the penal laws againd 
tl;e Catholics, and framed the ted-oath now in force, to 
be adminidered to fuch of them as lhould claim the be¬ 
nefit of aids pafled in their favour in the year 1781, many 
perl'ons of tender confidences had fcruples againd taking 
it. On this occafion,Mr. O'Leary publiflied his “Loyalty 
aflerted, or the Ted-oath vindicated;” in which he ex¬ 
plained the deeming difficulties that occurred, fo much to 
the fatisfaftion of the nonjuring catholics in his neigh¬ 
bourhood, that they unanimoudy complied with the pro- 
vidon of the legidature. Thefe publications gained 
O'Leary many friends among the liberal and enlightened ; 
but were at the fame time produdlive of no (mail degree 
of envy among the prieds, the greater part of whom had 
neither ability nor fpirit to aft in the fame manner. 
Howev-er, he enjoyed his triumph ; and, having proved 
that the Roman catholics of Ireland might, confidently 
with their religion, (wear that the pope poflefled no tem¬ 
poral authority or jurifdiftion in that kingdom, he be¬ 
came the favourite and friend of almod all the eminent 
Iridi political and literary ebarafters. 
At that critical period during the American war, when 
the combined deefs of France and Spain infulted theBri- 
tiffi coad, and threatened an invafion of Ireland, he ad- 
dreded his catholic countrymen in the mod energetic 
language, in the caufe of order and loyalty, and with 
fuch effeft as to merit the thanks of every good citizen. 
About the year 1784, when a confiderable number of 
nofturnal infurgents, of the Romifn perfuafion, commit¬ 
ted great excefles in the county of Cork, particularly 
towards the tythe-proftors of the protedant clergy, lie 
rendered himfelf ufeful in bringing them to a proper 
fenfe of their mifeonduft, by his addredes to them. By 
what he advanced in Come of them, however, he drew 
down on himfelf the attack of Dr. Woodward, the pro¬ 
tedant bifliop of Cloyne ; which he repelled in “ A De¬ 
fence of the Conduct and Writings of the Rev. Arthur 
O'Leary, See. written by himfelf, in Anlvver to ill- 
grounded Tnfinuations of the Right Rev. Dr. Woodward, 
See. 1788, 8vo. This defence is a maderpfece of vvit,argu- 
O L E 
ment, delicate irony, and energetic writing; and yet was 
drawn up by the author in lels than eight hours. Even 
Dr. Woodward acknowledged, in the courfe of thecon- 
troverfy, that our author reprefents matters “ drongly 
and eloquently;” and that, “ Shakefpeare-like, he is well 
acquainted with the human heart.” 
The laudable conduft of Mr. O'Leary, in udng his in¬ 
fluence to promote fubordination and obedience to the 
laws among his catholic countrymen, did not efcape the 
attention of the Irifh government; and induced them, 
when he quitted Ireland, to recommend him to men of 
power in this country. For many years he redded in 
London, as principal minifler of the catholic chapel in 
Soho-fquare, where he was highly efleemed and well at¬ 
tended by perfons of his religion ; and in this place he 
pronounced, in the year 1800, a funeral oration on pope 
Pius VI. before a great concourfe of Englifli nobility, as 
well as foreigners of rank. 
While Mr. O'Leary rendered himfelf venerable by his 
genuine and ardent piety, he at the fame time maintained 
the charafter of an intereding and mod agreeable compa¬ 
nion. Fie was always cheerful, gay, fparkling with wit, 
full of anecdote and merry dories ; and never, in com¬ 
pany, fuffered his clerical profeffion to operate churlifhly 
on the hilarity of thofe around him. As an indance of 
the humour which he intermingled with his polemics, it is 
related that, being challenged by an Irifh bifliop to prove 
the exidence of purgatory, he an five red, “ The quedion 
is not capable of demondrative proof: let the affair re¬ 
main as it is: your lordfhipmay go fm they and fnreicorfe !" 
Fie died at an advanced age in the month of January, 1S02. 
As a writer, his flyle is fluent, bold, and figurative ; but 
deficient in grace, perfpicuity, and fometimes grammar. 
Idis higbefl praiie, however, arifies from his having been 
a diditiguifhed friend to freedom, liberality, and tolera¬ 
tion ; on which acount he was frequently complimented 
by Meflrs. Grattan, Flood, ami other members of the 
Irifh parliament, in their public fpeeches. Belides the 
pieces already fpecified, and feveral effufions that are 
luppofed to have come from his pen, which he did not 
think it necedary or prudent to father, he publiflied fe¬ 
veral Addredes to the Catholics of Ireland, to which we 
have alluded above. 4. Remarks on Mr. Wedey’s De¬ 
fence of the Protedant Aflociation. 5. A Defence of his 
Conduft in the Adair of the Infurreftion in Munfter in 
1787. 6. A Review of the important Controverfy be¬ 
tween Dr. Carrol and the Rev. Meflrs. Wharton and 
Hopkins. 7. A Fad Sermon at St. Patrick’s Chapel, 
Soho, March 8, 1797. His Mifcellaneous Trafts have 
been collefted into an octavo volume. iUunthhj Mag. for 
Feb. and March 180a. 
OLEAS'TER, f. [Latin.] The wild olive. See Elvk- 
AGNUS. 
OLEAS'TER (Jerome), a learned Portuguefe monk 
in the fixteenth century, was mod probably a native of 
Azambuja, a town on the banks of the Tagus. I11 the 
year 1 520, he took the habit of the Dominican order in a 
monadery at Lifbon ; and applied with fuch ardour to his 
dudies, that he acquired the charafter of an exceilent 
philolopher, a folid divine, and a perfeft mafler of the 
Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, languages. Above all, he 
had the reputation of being mod intimately converffint 
with the facred Scriptures. In the year 1545, he was one 
of the divines whom John III. king of Portugal lent to 
affifl, on his behalf, at theconcil of Trent. Upon his re¬ 
turn to Portugal, he was nominated bifliop of St. Tho¬ 
mas’s in Africa ; but he refilled to accept of that dignity. 
Afterwards he was made inqnijitar, and filled the various 
offices of trufl and honour in that province of his order. 
He died in the year 1563. He was the author of various 
Commentaries on the Scriptures, of which only thole on 
the Pentateuch and Ifaiah were committed to the prefs. 
The flrfl edition of the former work, under the title of 
“ Hieronymi ab Oleadro Commentarii in Pentateuchum,” 
was publiflied at Lifbon, in the years 1556-1558, in five 
4 parts. 
