O L I 
400 
writings, a high reputation for fanfiHty and learning, and 
drew after him a number of followers. One of the great 
objects which he feems never to have loft fight of in his 
writings, was the corruption of the church of Rome, 
which he cenfured with great feverity, in a work entitled 
“ Poftilla, ora Commentary on the Revelationaffirming 
boldly that the church was reprelented by the woman, 
upon whole forehead was a name written, “ Myftery, 
Babylon the Great, the mother of harlots, and abomina¬ 
tions of the earth,’* whom St. John faw fitting “ upon a 
fcarlet-coloured beaft, full of names of blafphemy, having 
feven heads and ten horns.” Rev. xvii. 3, 5. It muft be 
obferved, that this centor of the church was himfelf a 
raoft fuperftitious fanatic in feveral refpedfts, having im¬ 
bibed the greateft part of thofe opinions which the fpi- 
ritual Francifcans pretended to have received from the 
abbot Joachim; (fee vol. xi. p. 196.) He went ftill 
farther, and contended that St. Francis, whom he con- 
fidered as wholly and entirely transformed into the 
perfon of Chrift, was the fubjeft of adoration. He was 
himfelf accufed of herefy, and cenfured by his judges; 
but, fubmitting to the judgment patiently, he efcaped 
thefevere treatment to which many of his followers were 
•fubjedled. He died in 1297 ; and it was pretended that 
miracles were wrought at his tomb. The zeal with which 
he defended the caute of the gloomy Francifcans, in his 
“ Treatife on Poverty,” and his other writings, led them 
to venerate him as a faint. But in the year 1325, pope 
John XXII. ordered his bones to be taken from the 
tomb, and publicly burnt, together with his writings. 
Pope Sixtus IV. however, ordered his works to be ex¬ 
amined anew; and a fentence was now pronounced in their 
favour, or at leaft as containing no doctrines nor precepts 
inconliftent with the true catholic faith or good morals. 
JHoreri. Mojhcim, fasc. xiii. 
OL'IVE (Spurge). See Daphne. 
OL'IVE (Wild). See El/eagnis. 
OL'IVE (Wild, Barbadoes). See Bontia. 
OLIVE-BA'RK-TREE. See Bucida, vol. iii. 
OL'IVE-BEARING, adj. Bearing or producing olives. 
.—Their olive-bearing town. Dryden. 
O'LIVE-BIT, J'. A kind of bit, fo named from the 
fliape of the middle part of it. 
OL'IVE-BRANCH, J'. A branch of the olive-tree: 
To thee the heavens, in thy nativity, 
Adjudg’d an olive-branch and laurel-crown, 
As likely to be blefs’d in peace and war. S/taliefpeare. 
OL'IVE-COLOUR,/. The colour which refembles that 
of the olive; a kind of brown colour, tending to a yello with 
green. 
OLIVE I'SLAND, a fmall ifland in the Mergui Archi¬ 
pelago, hardly a mile in circumference : on it Capt. 
Foreft found tome trees of the true olive. Lat. 11.20. N. 
OL'IVE-TREE, J'. The tree that produces olives. 
See Olea. 
In the purlieus of this foreft ftands 
A (heepcote, fenc’d about with olive-trees. Shahefpeare. 
OL'IVE-YARD, f. The enclofure where olives are 
cultivated.—The feventh year thou thalt let it reft. In 
like manner thou {halt deal with thy vineyard and olive- 
yard. Exod. xxiii. 11. 
OL'IVECRANTZ (John Paulin), member of the 
council of Chriftina queen of Sweden, governor of her 
domains, and a fon of a Sweditli archbithop, was born at 
Strengrias in 1633. Being educated under the immediate 
infpettion of his father, he made great proficiency in 
claftical literature ; and in 1658 was appointed fecretary 
of legation to Frankfort, in order to be prefent at the 
election of the emperor. He was afterwards fent am- 
bafiador to Nimeguen, to aflift in the negotiations for 
peace; and in 1680 was made governor of Revel, and 
fupreme judge of Gothland. He was in great favour 
with Chriftina, who, in confeauence of the office which 
O L I 
lie held, commanded him to prefix to his title the qualifi¬ 
cation of Excellency: a circumftance which gave rife to 
much jealoufy, and excited againft him a holt of enemies. 
The queen correfpor.ded with him after her abdication; 
beftowed the molt flattering encomiums upon him in her 
letters, and endeavoured to perfuade him to follow her 
to Rome. He died at Stockholm in 1707; and is con- 
fidered by the Swedes as one of their bell Latin poets. 
His principal works are, x. Oratio in Laudes Reginse 
Chrittinas Gnece liabita ; Upfaliae, 1646. 2. Magnus 
Principatus Finlandiae Epico Carmine depidtus Oratione 
Grasca; Holmiae, 1678, 4to. 3. Tabulae In Hug. Grotii de 
Jure Belli ac Pacis Libros. Kil. 1688, folio. 4. OdeadMe- 
moriam Reginae Ulrifae Eleonoras; Holmiae, 1693, folio. 
5. Epigramma de Sole in Suecia non occidente; ibid. 
1693, folio. 6. Ode dicata facro folenni Regiae undtionis 
Caroli XII. ibid. 1697, folio. 7. Ode ad Urbem Narvam 
a gravi Mofcovitarum Obfidione liberatam ; ibid. 1790, 
folio. Gen. Biog. 
OL'IVED, adj. Decorated with olive-trees: 
Green as of old each oliv'd portal fmiles. 
And ftill the Graces build my Grecian piles: 
My Gothic fpires in ancient glory rife, 
And dare with wonted pride to ruth into the Ikies. Warton. 
Drefled in olives, orcollops.—Splitted, fpitchcockt, oliv'd, 
hafht. Cartivright's Ordinary. 
OLIVEI'RA do BAIR'RO, a town of Portugal, in 
the province of Beira: feven miles fouth-eaft of Braganga 
Nova, and twenty-one north of Coimbra. 
OLIVE'RIA do CON'DE, a town of Portugal, in the 
province of Beira : twelve miles fouth-weft of Vifeu, and 
thirty eaft-north-eaft of Coimbra. 
OLIVEN'^A, a town and fortrefs of Portugal, in 
Alentejo, on the borders of Spain. This town was 
taken by the Spaniards in the year 1658 ; and ten years 
after reftored by the treaty of Litbon. By the peace of 
Badajoz, figned the 6th of June, 1801, this place, with its 
territory, was ceded to Spain; but, by the treaty of Vienna, 
June 1813, it was recommended to be reftored, and the 
treaty of Badajoz to be confidered as void : the reftoration, 
we believe, has not been effected. Oliven^a is thirteen 
miles fouth of Elvas, and forty-two eaft of Evora. Lat. 
38. 30. N. Ion. 6.50. W. 
OL'IVER (Ifaac), a miniature-painter of diftinguiffied 
merit, was born in 1556, probably in England, though 
there is reafon to fuppofe that he was of French extrac¬ 
tion, as he fometimes w'rote his name Olivier. He ftudied 
under Hilliard the limner; and received fome inftru&ions 
from Zucchero, an Italian who vifited England. His 
drawings after Parmigiano, and other great matters, in¬ 
duced Vertue to think that he had been in Italy; but of 
this, and other circumftances of his life, little is knowm. 
His principal employment was in portraits, and thofe in 
miniature, which he wrought with great refemblance to 
nature in form and character, and his touch was uncom¬ 
monly delicate. Walpole fays, “ In the branch in which 
he excelled, we may challenge any nation to thow a 
greater matter, if perhaps we except a few of the fmaller 
works of Holbein.” The truth and delicacy of his pencil 
were admirable; and of fome of his fineft pieces it is 
obferved, that “ the largeft magnifying glafs only calls 
out new beauties.” Oliver fometimes employed himfelf 
in making drawings upon a large fcale, and alfo in paint¬ 
ing in oil-colours; but to neither of thefe is he indebted 
for his reputation fo much as to his miniatures. Many 
very fine ones of his painting ftill remain in pofleffion of 
the nobility of this country. Dr. Meade’s colleftion was 
very rich in them; one of queen Elizabeth, others of 
Mary queen of Scots, Henry prince of Wales, Ben Jonfon, 
and fir Philip Sidney, at whole length, fitting under a 
tree: thefe were all purchafed by the king’s father, 
Frederic prince of Wales, and now form a part of his 
majefty’s colleftion. They are raoft to be admired for 
their extreme neatnefs and truth; with a tafteful ex- 
x preffion 
