48-4 
O N O 
by others. This is Angularly exemplified in Locke’s 
blind mail, who likened fcarlet to the found of a trumpet; 
and in Maflieu, the celebrated deaf and dumb pupil of 
Sicard, who could fprm no notion of that animating found, 
but fuch as was analogous to a fcarlet colour. 
ONONDA'GO, a river of North America, which runs 
from Lake Oneida to Lake Ontario, which it enters at 
Ofwego. 
ONONDA'GO, a county of North America, in the 
date of New York, bounded on the north by Lake On¬ 
tario and Canada, on the ead by the county of Che¬ 
nango, on the fouth by the county of Tioga, and on the 
weft by the county of Cayuga ; ftxty miles in length from 
north to fouth, and from fifteen to twenty-five broad. 
ONONDA'GO, or Onondago Castle, a pod-town, 
and formerly the chief town of the Six Nations, fituated 
in a pleafant and fertile part of the country, on the fouth 
end of the lake of the fame name. The tribe, or nation, 
alfo took their name from this town, or perhaps they 
gave their name to it. The territories of the Onondagoes 
confided of five fmall towns or villages ; and, thirty years 
ago, they could furnifh 260 warriors. 
This nation, now confiding of 450 perfons, has been 
abridged of its lands, and receives annually from the date 
of New York 2000 dollars, and from the United States 
about 450 dollars. Onondago is 155 miles north-north- 
wed of New York. Lat. 42.58. N. Ion. 75.40. W. 
ONONDA'GO, or Salt Lake, a lake of New York, 
about fix miles long and one broad ; from falt-fprings on 
the banks an irnmenfe quantity of fait is made. 
ONONGUOUA'GO, a town of United America, in the 
date of New York, on the Sufquehanna: thirteen miles 
ead of Chenango. 
ONO'NIS, f. [an ancient Greek name, occurring both 
in the works of Theophradus and Diofcorides ; derived 
from 0 no:, an afs, and oinyju, to delight; which implies that 
it was grateful food to thofe animals.] Rest-harrow, 
or Cammock ; in botany, a genus of the clafs diadelphia, 
order decandria, natural order of papilionaceae or legu- 
minofas. Generic charafters—Calyx : perianthium five- 
parted, almod the length of the corolla; fegments linear, 
acuminate, flightly arched upwards ; the lowed under 
the keel. Corolla: papilionaceous. Banner cordate, 
ftriated, deprelfed at the fides more than the other petals. 
Wings ovate, fhorterby half than the banner. Keel acu¬ 
minate, as long as, or longer than, the wings. Stamina : 
filaments ten, connate in an entire cylinder. Antherae 
fimple. Pidillum : germ oblong, villofe; dyle fimple, 
riling; digma blunt. Pericarpium : legume rhomb- 
fhaped, turgid, fubvillofe, one-celled, two-valved, fedile. 
Seeds few, kidney-form. — Ejfential CharaSler. Calyx 
five-parted, with linear fegments ; banner driated ; le¬ 
gume turgid, feffile; filaments connate without a filfure. 
There are thirty-eight fpecies, in five divifions. 
I. With fubfeflile flowers. 
1. Ononis antiquorum, or red-harrow of the ancients: 
flowers folitary, larger than the leaflet; lower leaves ter¬ 
mite ; branches almod even, fpiny. Root perennial. Stems 
draight, hard, fmooth, and almod woody. Flowers pur¬ 
ple. The leaves are fmaller and lefs villofe than thofe of 
the next fpecies, of which perhaps it is no more than a 
variety. According to Linnaeus, it is fhorter, Aider, 
more thorny, almod fmooth; with folitary peduncles, 
twice as long as the bradte. Native of the fouth of Eu¬ 
rope, as Dauphine, the county of Nice, See. in meadows 
and padures. 
2. Ononis fpinofa, thorny red-harrow, or cammock : 
flowers axillary, in pairs; leaves ternafe, upper ones loli- 
tary; branches thorny, villofe. In our common thorny 
red-harrow, at the bale of the branches are drong thorns, 
and the branches themfelves terminate in foft thorns. 
Stem (lightly hairy; leaves alnxod fmooth. The whole 
plant is more rigid and woody than our thornlefs (hairy) 
red-harrow ; for which, in its young date, before the 
N I S. 
thorns are formed, it has frequently been midaken. The 
corolla is red. 
It has a drong creeping root, which fpreads far in the 
ground, and is with great difficulty eradicated : hence its 
names of refia bovis, and arrete boeuf. Stems a foot and 
half high, (lender, purple, hairy, fending out many late¬ 
ral branches armed with (harp prickles. The flowers 
come out (ingly from the fide of the branches ; they are of 
a bright purple colour, marked with lines; and are fucceed- 
ed by fmall pods, containing one or two kidney-fliaped 
feeds, four or fix according to Gaertper, fhagreened with 
very minute dots. 
Monf. Viliarsdoes not didinguifli our arvenfis from this. 
He fays that it has no fpines whild it is young, but ac¬ 
quires them with age, and that they become dronger as 
the plant grows older, efpecially in poor land. It is a 
little villofe and vifeid when young, or in drong land ; 
but lofes part of its down, and all its clamminefs, in low- 
poor wet grounds : it then approaches to the fird fort. 
Native of Europe, chiedy in barren padures, both in a 
fandy and drong foil; flowering the greater part of the 
fummer from June. It is named in Engiifh thorny reft- 
harrow, cammock, petty-whin, ground-furze; in Yorkfhire 
rujl-burn, perhaps corruptly from red-bourn. Gerarde 
fays, the root is long and runneth far abroad, very tough, 
and hard to be torn in pieces with the plough, infomuch 
that the oxen can hardly pafs forward, whereupon it was 
called ref-plough or ref-harrow. This quality of the 
plant makes it very fit to be fown on fea and fen banks. 
A decoftion of thefe roots has been recommended in 
cafes of done and jaundice. Kine and goats eat it; (heep 
are fond of it; horfes and fwine refufe it. Dr. Stokes 
fays, that a horfe refufed the whole branch, but ate of 
the younger (hoots, whan picked old 
B. O. floribus albis, or white-flowered thorny red-har¬ 
row. This variety differs no otherwife from the common 
fort than in having white flowers. 
3. Ononis arvenfis, or hairy reft-harrow : flowers axil¬ 
lary, in pairs; leaves ternate, upperones folitary; branches 
unarmed, fubvillofe. Our hairy or thornlefs red-harrow 
has the dem, branches, and leaves, foft, and whitidi with 
down. Flowers numerous, modly folitary, alternate on 
the young dioots ; corolla rofe-coloured, but little longer 
than the calyx, the fegments of which are more tapering 
than in O.lpinofa. This is a fmaller plant than that; but 
the hairineis of the leaves, and the want of thorns, bed 
didinguifli this from O. fpinofa, the leaves of which are 
fcarcely it at all hairy on the upper.furface, though in 
both they are edged with hair-like glands, terminating in 
a fmall globule. 
Linnaeus and others fuppofe this to be a mere variety 
of the thorny red-harrow, or the fame plant in the 
younger period of its life : but Miller affirms that he 
has cultivated both by feeds, and has always found the 
plants retain their difference; that the (talks of this are 
hairy and more diffufed than thofe of the fpinofa; the 
leaves broader and fitting clofer on the branches; the 
dalks not fo upright, and without fpines. Mr. Wood¬ 
ward relates, that in the autumn of 1779 he examined 
many hundred plants in the corn-fields about Berknam- 
Itead in Hertfordlhire, without meeting with a (ingle one 
thorny; whereas, in the neighbourhood of Bungay, he 
never met with one without fpines in any part of the year. 
Dr. Withering alfo informs us, that Mr. Pitt, of Pende- 
ford, near Wolverhampton, fent him fpecimens which 
never became thorny, and that the thorny fort is never 
found in that neighbourhood ; and that he found it in 
great plenty on St. Vincent’s rocks, without the lead ap¬ 
pearance of thorns on any of the plants, though he exa¬ 
mined a great number. Thefe accounts ((ays Mr. Pro- 
feffor Martyn) agree entirely with my experience. In the 
part of the country where I live, in the counties of Bed¬ 
ford and Huntingdon, the Ononis has never occurred to 
me without thorns. It is found in padures and the bor¬ 
ders of corn-fields, chiefly in light lands. The arvenfis 
