680 ORA 
The fame objection lies againft the cultivation of the 
fields in the vicinity ; fo that the garrifon and the inha¬ 
bitants inuft be fupplied with provifions immediately 
from Spain. It is 170 miles foutli-weft of Algiers. Lat. 
35. 50. N. lon.o. 18. W. 
ORANA'I. See Ranai. 
O'RANG’s KE'Y, one of the Bahama iflands, Lat. 24. 
29. N. Ion. 79. 35. W. 
O'RANG-OU'TANG. See Simia fatyrus. 
ORANGABAD', a town of Hindooftan, in the fubah 
of Agra : fifteen miles north of Fattipour. 
OR'ANGE , J'. [Fr. The aureum malum, or golden ap¬ 
ple of the ancients: auranteum , low Lat.] A well-known 
delicious fruit. See Citrus. —Fine oranges, fauce for 
your veal. Stvft. 
The punick granate op’d its rofe-like flowers; 
The orange breath’d its aromatick powers. Ilarte. 
ORANGE (Mock). See Philadelphus. 
OR'ANGE-(Sea), a name given by count Marfigli to a 
very remarkable fpecies of marine fubllance, which he 
denominates a plant. It is, however, a fpecies of vermes 
zoophyta, or plant-like worms; and is probably the Al- 
cyonium burfa of the Linnsean fyftem. If fo, it has 
been mentioned only by name under that article, in 
-vol. i. and we fliall therefore defcribe it here. It is tough 
and firm in its ftrufture, and in many things refembles 
the common fucus; but, inftead of growing in the 
branched form which the generality of thofe fubftances 
have, it is round and hollow, and in every refpeft re¬ 
fembles the fhape of an orange. It has, by way of root, 
fome exceedingly fine filaments, which fallen themfelves 
to the rocks, or to (hells, (tones, or any thing elfe that 
comes in the way. From thefe there grows no pedicle; 
but the body of the orange, as it is called, is fattened by 
them to the rocks, or other folid fubftance. The orange 
itfelf is ufually of about three or four inches in diameter; 
and, while in the fea, is full of water, and even retains it 
when taken up. In this (late it frequently weighs a 
pound and a half; but, when the water is let out, and it 
is dried, it becomes a mere membrane, weighing (carcely 
any thing. It is beft preferved by fluffing it with cotton 
as foon as the water is let out of it, and then hanging it 
up to dry. Its furface is irregular and rough ; its colour 
a dufky green on the outfide, and a clearer but fomewhat 
bluifli green within; and its thicknefs is about an eighth 
J >art of an inch. When viewed by the microfcope, it is 
een to be all over covered with fmall glandules, or rather 
compofed of them; for they (tand fo thick one by ano¬ 
ther as to leave no fpaoe between, and feem to make up 
the whole fubllance ; fo that it appears very like the rough 
fhagreen (kin ufed to cover toys. Thele are indeed fo 
many hollow dufts, through which the fea-water finds a 
pafl’age into the globe formed by this (kin, and by this 
•means it is kept always full and diftended; on cutting it 
with a pair of feiffars, the water immediately runs out, 
and the (kin collapfes ; but there is fomething extremely 
remarkable in this, for the whole fubftance, near the 
wounded place, is in motion, and feems as if alive, and 
fenfible of the wound; and fo, no doubt, it is. The glan¬ 
dules are found full of w'ater, and refemble fmall tranfpa- 
rent bottles ; and what goes to the ftrufture of the animal 
befuies thefe, is an affemblage of a vaft number of fila¬ 
ments, all which are likewile hollow, and filled with a 
clear and tranfparent fluid. 
There is another fubftance of this kind, mentioned and 
deferibed by Marfigli, Triumfetti, and others, and called 
the ramofe, or branched, orange. This is very much of 
xhe nature of the former ; but, inftead of confiftingof one 
round globule, if is formed of feveral oblong ones, all 
joined together, and reprefenting the branches of fome of 
the fucufes, only they arefhorter ; and thefe are all hollow 
and full of water, in the fame manner as the fingleglobes of 
the common kind. This has, by way of root, certain fine 
and (lender filaments, which faften it to the (tones or 
ORA 
(hells near w'hich it is produced; and it is of a dufky 
greenifh colour on the furface, and of a fine bluifh green 
within. The furface, viewed by the microfcope, appears 
rough, as in the other, and the glandules are of the fame 
kind, and are always-found full of clear water. The na¬ 
ture of thefe curious plant-animals will be better under- 
ftood by referring to the defeription of other fpecies under 
Alcyonium, and the Plate which accompanies it. 
OR'ANGE, J'. The colour which refembles that of an 
orange. 
OR'ANGE, adj. Belonging to an orange; cultivated 
for.oranges. 
OR'ANGE, a town of France, and principal place of a 
diftrift, in the department of the Mouths of the Rhone; 
before the revolution, the capital of a principality, and 
the fee of a bifhop. It once had an univerfity, founded,, 
in the year 136 j, by the emperor Charles V. Some coun¬ 
cils were held here in 441, 529, and 1228. In the ninth 
century this territory was under the dominion of the 
kings of Burgundy and Arles. In the eleventh it had 
counts of its own, and foon acquired the title of a prin¬ 
cipality. The principality extended about ten miles in 
length and (even in breadth; and the annual revenue 
was about 50,000 livres. The fovereignty was in the year 
1598 conferred on the houfe of Naffau by the treaty of Ven- 
vins, in 1678 by that of Nimeguen, and in 1697 by that of 
Ryfwick. William Henry, prince of Orange, was (lad tholder 
of Holland in 1672, and in 1689 king of England. After 
liis death, the moft powerful of the kings who laid claim 
to it was the king of Pruffia; but, in 1712, Frederick- 
William, by the treaty of Utrecht, ceded it to the houfe 
of Bourbon. At the dole of the year 1714, it was an¬ 
nexed to the government of Dauphiny, the generality 
and intendancy of Grenoble and Montelimart. In 1722, 
Louis XV. gave it to the prince of Ccnti. It contained 
one city, two fmall towns, and about nine villages; and 
was exempted from all the ufual taxes in France. 
Among the numerous monuments of antiquity at this 
place, the triumphal arch, fo often viiited by travellers, 
engages particular attention. M. Millin (Voyage-s dans 
les Departemens, 1811.) has exhibited a view of it in his 
plates, and fubjoins a verbal defeription of its prefent 
(late, bas-reliefs, trophies, and inferiptions ; notices the 
different opinions which have been given refpefting the 
caufe of its erection ; and then fubjoins his own reflec¬ 
tions, fome of which we fliall tranflate: “When this 
pompous edifice was erefted to eternize the glory of a 
great nation and its generals, could it be conceived that 
a time would come, when, though it exifted almolt en¬ 
tire, nothing fliould be pofitively known of its original 
deftination! This faft manifefts the infufficiency of mo¬ 
numents to preferve the memory of the great actions of 
princes, and points out the fuperior utility of writing 
and printing. The temples at Vienne and at Nifnes 
were built to the honour of princes of the Roman empire, 
who had in thefe places been revered as gods; yet, at the 
prefent day, we are reduced to difeover their names by 
the traces of the nails which fixed the letters (which were 
of brafs or copper) that compofed them on the friezes of 
the temples, though this refearch only aflifts cpnjefture, 
and leads to no certain refult. The column of Cully 
ought to have tranfmitted to pofterity the name of a ge¬ 
neral who died in the aft of obtaining fome memorable 
viftory: but we are ignorant whether the fpot, on which 
this monument Hands, has ever been a field of battle. 
The arch attributed (perhaps erroneoufly) to Marius is 
furcharged with attributes and ornaments which afford 
fcope for conjefture, without giving any clear direftioil 
to our ideas. One page of a celebrated hiftorian, or a few 
verfes of fome great poet, would have more effeftually 
ferved the purpofe of thofe who were delirous of tranf- 
mitting their fame to pofterity.” This triumphal arefois 
vaguely fuppofed to have been erefted in honour of Ma¬ 
rius, becaufe the word Mario appears on one of the 
fiiields in the bas-reliefs. 
The 
