703 
O R C 
three or four lanceolate fedile leaves, the lowed of which 
are longed. Flowers numerous, in a long loofe fpike. 
Bradles lanceolate, acute, refembling the dein-leaves, 
much longer than the germ ; (of the fame length, accord'- 
ing to Curtis ; or a little longer, as Pollich affirms; not 
longer than the germ, according to Scopoli.) Petals yel- 
lowidi-white, or rather white with a tinge of green ; the 
three exterior large, the middle one heart-fhaped, obtufe, 
covering the hood; the two outer lanceolate, longer but 
narrower, patent and fomewfiat reflefled, forming obtufe 
angles with the middle one; the two interior petals 
linear-lanceolate, fmall, converging over the hood, in- 
curvated, fo that their tips nearly touch, though the 
bafes are didant: hood very open. Stamens bright-yel¬ 
low : anther* draw-coloured. Lower lip of the ne&arium 
linear, narrow, entire, nearly as long as the germen, 
fomewhat convex on the upper, and concave on the 
lower, furface; whitidi upwards, green towards the end: 
horn almod as long again as the germen, {lender, whitidi 
upwards, the red green, fomewhat compreded, and broad- 
ed towards the end. It is tranfparent, and (hows the 
nedtareous liquor with which it is often filled. Capfules 
ovate, triangular, yellowiffi, brown when ripe, fmooth ; 
having three longitudinal ligaments, which are loofened 
when the feeds are ripe; the feeds are then cad out 
through the longitudinal clefts; they are very minute 
and abundant. 
This fpecies has obtained the name of bifolia, on ac¬ 
count of its radical leaves being ufually two ; three how¬ 
ever are frequently met with. The Englifli name of 
butterfly-orchis is fcarcely warranted by the appearance of 
the dower; but, fome fpecies of the order bearing a re- 
femblance to bees and dies, the red mud needs be re¬ 
ferred to fome other animals. The reader wdll judge for 
liiinfelf, by infpedling the reprefentation on the annexed 
Plate at fig. i. where alfo the root and its leaves are cut 
od', and diown feparately. A fmaller variety, ( 3 , O. bifolia 
altera, (Bauhin 82.) is named in Johnfon’s edition of 
Gerard’s Herbal gnat-falyrion; and the dowers may be 
allowed to bear a general coarfe refemblance to an in fed! ; 
at lead they approach it more nearly than thofe of 
Ophrys anthropophora and Orchis militaris do to the 
human figure. 
The roots of this fpecies being large, it appears to be 
as well calculated for making falep as any other. See the 
27th fpecies. 
This orchis, if not fo common as fome, is much more 
fo than others, being found generally in woods, padures, 
and heaths, efpecially in foils fomewhat did' and moid. 
In dry padures it is often fo fmall as to be noticed for a 
variety. It varies not only in fize, but in the fliape and 
number of the leaves, the number of dowsers, the length 
of the fpur, and the time of dowering, which is later in 
the fmall one: but there does not appear fufficient rea- 
fon, as Dr. Withering obferves, for confidering thel'e 
varieties as really didindt; neither the height of the 
plant, the more or lefs ovate or lanceolate form of the 
leaves, nor yet the feafon of dowering or dations, afford¬ 
ing any permanent diilindtions. Butterfiy-orchis oc¬ 
curs in Norwood, Surrey; in Charlton-wood, and on 
Pens-common near Beckenham, Kent; Madingley-wood, 
Whitwell, Linton-wood, Balydon-hill, Kingdon-wood, 
Gamlingay-wood, Cambridgelhire; Shotover-hill and 
Tarwood, Oxforddtire ; Short-wood near Pucklechurch, 
Glocederdiire; Enville in Stad’orddiire ; woods and diady 
lanes in Leicederdiire, common. It dowers in May and 
June. 
18. Orchis ornithis, or bird-orchis: bulbs undivided ; 
lip of the nedtary roundilh ; horn, twicethe length of the 
germen ; the three outer petals converging, the others 
fpreading very much. Stem a foot and a halfIrigh, leafy, 
round, upright, driated above the leaves. Lower leaves 
linear, fharpidi, unfpotted, the upper more inclined to 
lanceolate, fpringing from a dieath rendering the dem 
angular under the back of the leaf, four in number at 
H I S. 
mod. The dowers have the fame feent with O. odora- 
tidima, only weaker; corolla . white. Native of the 
mountains of Audria: dowering in Augud. The two 
outer petals fpread out like the wings of a bird in the 
adt of dying: whence the name. 
19. Orchis dexuofa, or winding-dalked orchis: bulbs 
undivided ; lip of the nedlary imbricate; two petals con¬ 
cealed, filiform ; fcape fiexuofe. Root-leaves ovate. Scape 
a foot high. Leaves lanceolate, fmall; dowers fmall. 
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
20. Orchis cucullata, or cowled orchis: bulbs undi¬ 
vided; lip of the nedlary trifid; petals conduent; dem 
naked. Root-leaves two, ovate. Native of Siberia. 
21. Orchis globofa, or round-fpiked orchis: bulbs un¬ 
divided; lip of the nefiary refupinate, trifid; middle 
emarginate; horn diort; petals awl-diaped at the tip. 
Bulbs oblong, conical. Scape firm, a foot or eighteen 
inches high, leafy. Leaves lanceolate. Spike greyidi- 
red, diort, very much crowded. Flowers frequently 
turned upfide down, fo that the lip turns to the bafe of 
the fpike, and the helmet or hood recedes from it; co¬ 
rolla bright-purple, with deeper fpots on the lip. 
Scopoli thus didingnifhes it from pyramidalis, wfith 
which it has been confounded : Spike blunt, oval, denfe, 
and in a manner umbelled; leaves blunt, with the nerve 
ending in a point; petals tailed ; bread of the beard nei¬ 
ther eared nor fpotted, with acuminate fegments; fpur 
not long. He fays, that it was fird obferved by Dale- 
champius ; and is a native of Germany, Audria, Car- 
niola, Swid'erland, the fouth of France, and Italy. 
22. Orchis pyramidalis, or pyramidal orchis: bulbs 
undivided; lip of the nefiary two^horned, trifid, equal, 
quite entire; horn long; petals fublanceolate. Bulbs 
ovate. Stem from eight to fifteen inches high, round or 
dightly angular, fmooth and firm, almod covered with 
leaves. Flowers numerous (eighty), crowded in a diort 
blunt cone, forming a mod elegant termination to the 
dem, deep fiedi-colour or pale-purple. Dr. Stokes re¬ 
marks the filky glodinefs of the leaves, which are linear- 
lanceolate ; and Dr. Smith, that the bulging protu¬ 
berances on the lip of the nefiary give the diitinguifliing 
charafler of the fpecies. Ray remarks that the corolla is 
fometimes white, which is the cafe with many other fpe¬ 
cies that grow in a calcareous foil, as this does. Native 
of many parts of Europe, as Sweden, Belgium, Swiffer- 
land, Audria, Carniola, France, Italy, and Britain. With 
us about Harefield in Middlefex; Dartford in Kent; 
Stocking-wood in Leicederdiire; Chederton, Hinton, 
Devil’s-ditch near Newmarket, and Linton, in Cam- 
bridgediire; Whichwood-fored, between Wooddock and 
Enlton, and on Caverdiam-warren, in Oxforddiire : alfo 
in Scotland. It dowers later than the other fpecies. 
23. Orchis corfophora, or lizard-orchis: bulbs undi¬ 
vided; lip of the nefiary trifid, redex, crenate; horn 
diort ; petals converging. Bulbs orbicular, fmall, ac¬ 
companied with drong fibres. Stem ereft, a foot high, 
round, jointed, fmooth, leafy. Leaves feven or eight, 
all dieathing, the lowed four inches long, the others 
gradually lefs, bright-green, very fmooth, five or fix of 
them fpreading, the others rolled round the fcape. Spike 
clofe, from an inch to two inches in length. The dowers 
linell like a goat according to fome, and like a bug ac¬ 
cording to others. Haller fays, that, wliild it is withering, 
it dinks abominably. Native of Denmark, Germany, the 
fouthern parts of Europe, and the Levant, in padures, 
dowering in June. Ray found it in dower on the 26th 
of May, near Geneva, in the padures on the other fide of 
the Rhone. 
24. Orchis mutabilis, or changeable orchis : bulbs un¬ 
divided ; lip large, three-lobed ; lateral lobes very diort, 
waved, middle one long. Bulbs ovate, fize of a walnut; 
one often wanting. Stem two feet high and more; dow¬ 
ers large, fcattered, purple or fiedi-colour, afterwards fad¬ 
ing to green. Refembles the preceding, but is a didinft 
and new fpecies, difeovered by the chevalier de Steven, 
counfellor 
