O R C 
two dorfal petals are quite bent back, not merely fpread- 
ing, nor are they fpotted. It is however probably no 
more than a variety of the fambucina , as Haller, Scopoli, 
and Villars, have infilled. 
37. Orchis fambucina, or elder-fcented orchis : bulbs 
fubpalmate, e'redft; horn of the nedftary conical; lip ovate, 
fubtrilobate; bradftes the length of the flowers. This is 
eafily diftinguifhed from O. latifolia by its "having Tew 
flowers ; the item leafy only below the middle, the bradftes 
by no means longer than the flowers, the leaves not at 
all ovate-lanceolate, but almoft tongue-fhaped, as in O. 
maculata, from which it is alfo very diftimft in thefewnefs 
of its flowers, the want of notches in the lip, the greater 
length of the horn, the having no fpots on the leaves, 
the roots lefs divaricated, and the whole habit. It is dif¬ 
ferent from all the fpecies in the ftrudlure of its fructifi¬ 
cation, the yellow colour of the flowers varying to pur¬ 
ple ; its ftation, in wet places on mountains ; and in flow¬ 
ering very early. 
Scopoli cannot difcover any mark, in the long defcrip- 
tion given by Linnaeus in the Flora Suecica of the fambu¬ 
cina, by which it can be diftinguilhed from his latifolia. 
We may conclude, therefore, that his latifolia is the fame 
with the fambucina of Linnaeus, and probably his comofa 
is our latifolia. The Item is about half a foot high, thick 
andfolid; the flowers yellowifh-white. Native of feveral 
parts of Europe, but not of Britain. It has the fmell of 
elder-flowers, whence the name. 
38. Orchis maculata, or fpotted orchis : bulbs palmate, 
fpreading ; horn of the nedftary fliorter than the germen ; 
lip flat; dorfal petals eredft. Bulbs palmated, compreffed, 
with the fegments much divaricated. One of them, ac¬ 
cording to Linnaeus, floats in water, and nourilhes the 
Item ; the other finks, and bears the bud for the next year : 
but with us it dees not grow’ in water, only fometimes in 
moift meadow s. Stem lolid, from feven or eight to eigh¬ 
teen inches high, the lower part round, the upper fome- 
■what angular. Lower leaves embracing the Hem, lowed 
conftantly fliort, broad, and blunt; the next confiderably 
longer, bluntly lanceolate; above thefe more acutely 
lanceolate; upper ones very narrow, and apparently fef- 
fiie, but the margins are decurrent, whence the angular 
appearance of the Item; beneath they are fiivery-green, 
with parallel green nerves, above pale-green, often par¬ 
tially covered with the fame fiivery Ikin, narked with nu¬ 
merous reddifh-brown fpots, moftly oval and tranfverfe, 
but fometimes irregular. Flowers numerous (forty) in a 
clofe conical fpike ; corolla ufually pale purple ; antherte 
green. This is readily diftinguilhed from the latifolia by 
the folid ftem, the lower leaf always very blunt, the fpike 
conical, which in the other is fomevvhat cylindrical, and 
in flowering later. This is reprefen ted on the annexed 
Plate III. fig. 4. and the root feparate at b. 
It varies with white flowers, and the leaves are fome¬ 
times not fpotted. Orchis mafcula and morio, and fome¬ 
times latifolia, having fpotted leaves, confufion has hence 
arifen, by giving too much attention to the trivial name 
of this fpecies. Native of moll parts of Europe in moift 
meadows and woods ; fometimes in barren paftures, when 
the fpike is only half the lize, and has fewer flowers. It 
flowers in June and July. 
39. Orchis odoratifllina, or fweet-feented orchis : bulbs 
palmate ; horn of the nedftary recurved, fliorter; lip three- 
lobed ; Leaves linear. This is not a variety of O. conopfea, 
though they agree in many circumftances. The ftem is 
harder, the leaves are hard and ft iff, pointing upwards, 
linear, four or fiveinches in length. Stem from a foot to 
eighteen inches in height. Flowers pale or bright purple ; 
antherae yellow. It has a Angular, pleafant, ftrong, fmell. 
Native of France, Germany, Swiflerland, Auftria, Italy; 
Sweden alfo, and Norway, but rare. 
40. Orchis conopfea, or long-fpurred orchis : bulbs 
palmate; horn of the nedftary briftle-lhaped, longer than 
the germens; lip trifid ; two of the petals fpreading very 
much. Bulbs palmated, comprefted. Stem twelye to 
H I S. 707 
eighteen inches high, fmooth and firm, round below, an¬ 
gular upwards; lower leaves fheathing the ftem, long, 
narrow, and acutely lanceolate, bright-green, fhining, 
keeled, with a ftrong midrib, on each fide of which are 
two or three faint veins, and one ftrongly marked. 
Lower ftem-leaves embracing; upper fertile, lanceolate, 
acute, decreafing in fize till they refemble the brafle. 
Flowers (forty-two) flefh-coloured or pale-purple, (fome¬ 
times white,) in a loofe fpike three inches long. Bradftes 
lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the germen, herba¬ 
ceous ; the middle of the exterior and the two interior 
petals oval-lanceolate, clofely converging, their tips in- 
fledfted and covering the ftamens ; the two exterior lan¬ 
ceolate, patent at right-angles to the tip of the nedftarium, 
which is fliort and broad, and divided into three roundilh 
fegments, the middle one rather broadeft and longeft. 
Spur awl-fhaped, curved, full of juice, femi-tranfparent, 
much longer than the germen. Stamens fliort, with two 
gibbous flefliy prominences at their bale; antherte green- 
ifli; opening of the ftigma very apparent. Flow’ers fuell¬ 
ing very fweet. It has fome refembiance to O. pyrami- 
dalis, from which it is diftinguiftiedftiy the root, the nar- 
rownefs of the leaves, and the length of the fpike, as it 
is fufficiently from every fpecies of this divilion by the 
great length of the horn of the neftary. See the Plate, 
fig. 5. It is a native of many parts of Europe in mea¬ 
dows and paftures; flowering in June : Harefield in Mid- 
dlefex ; Afply in Nottinghamfhire ; King’s Hedges, Chef- 
terton, Hinton, Triplow, Devil’s Ditch, Cambridge- 
Ihire ; rough paftures adjoining Cowley-common in Ox- 
fordfliire ; on the Wiltfliire-downs ; paftures under Short- 
wood near Pucklechurch, Gloucefterihire ; Knutsford- 
moor, Chefliire; in a morafs near Leeds; near Auciiin 
Dewney, feven miles from Edinburgh ; and abundantly 
on the hilly grounds north of the river Leven, Dunbar- 
tonlhire: alfo in the raoift heathy ground of Newton Park, 
Ireland. 
41. Orchis flava, or yellow orchis: bulbs palmate ; horn 
of the nedftary filiform, the length of the germen; lip 
trifid, quite entire. Lower leaves palmary, lanceolate,, 
large. Spike narrow. Flowers obfoletely-yellow. Na¬ 
tive of Virginia. 
IV. Bulbs in bundles. 
42. Orchis fufeefeens, or din.gy orchis: horn of the- 
nedftary the length of the germen ; lip ovate, toothed at 
the bafe. Native of Siberia. 
43. Orchis ftrateumatica : lip of the nedftary two-lobed, 
quite entire ; horn, the length of the germen. Stem a. 
fipan high only. Native of the ifland of Ceylon. 
44. Orchis hyperborea, or northern orchis : horn of 
the nedftary the length of the germen ; lip linear, quite 
entire, truncate. Stern a palm high, including the fpike ; 
fpike ovate, w ith linear-lanceolate bradftes, the length of 
the flowers; corollas yellowilh-green. Native of Iceland ; 
found by Koenig. 
45. Orchis abortiva, purple bird’s-neft orchis : bulbs 
filiform; lip of the nedftary ovate, quite entire; Hern 
lenflefs. Roots comported of thick horizontal fibres, 
wrinkled tranfverfely. Stem ftraight, upright, eighteen 
inches or more in height, blue or violet, lennels, but 
fheathed with feales. Flowers in a very long thin fpike, 
violet. Fruit, the largeft of any in the orchis tribe. 
Native of France, Germany, Swiflerland, Auftria, and 
Norway. Mr. John Goodyer is fuppofed to have found 
this in the border of a field called Marborne, near Ha- 
bridge in Haliborn, a mile from Alton in Rampfhire, on. 
the 2.9th of June, 1621. He deferibes the ftalk as nine 
inches high, with a few finall (harp-pointed fliort lkinny 
leaves fet without order, very little or not at all wrap¬ 
ping the ftalk, having a fpike of flowers like thofe of 
Orobanche, without tails or leaves growing amongft. 
them. The lower part of the ftalk within tlie ground 
was not round like Orobanche, but flender or long, and 
of a yellowilh-white colour, with many final 1 brittle 
roots. 
