714 
ORDER. 
talion or company, after it has obtained all its relative dif- 
tances, and been halted, is fronted, and each rear-rank- 
man fprings into the vacancy on the word of command— 
Form rank entire; i. e. a ftraight line compofed of half¬ 
tiles. 
Extended Order may likewife be taken without facing 
to the right or left. This is effected by every file moving 
fidevvays to a given diftance; fay one pace, or twenty-two 
inches, (which extent of ground a man generally covers,) 
from the centre file. The word of command in this cafe 
would be, “ battalion or company, fide flep to the right 
and left, march—halt .” The centre file ftands fait. 
LooJ'e Order, a certain extenfion of the files, in line, or 
column, in contradiftindtion to clofe order; which fee. 
Watering Order. In cavalry arrangement, the men are 
in their ftable-dreffes; horfe-cloths on the horfes, and 
fnaffle-bridles; the horfes are watered, walked and trotted 
for exercife. 
Orders, in a military fenfe, comprehend all that is 
lawfully commanded by fuperior officers. Orders are if- 
fued out every day, whether in camp, garrifon, or on a 
march, by the commanding-officer; which orders are af- 
terwards given to every officer in writing by their refpec- 
tive ferjeants. 
Commander-in-Chief's Orders. Such orders as iffue di¬ 
rectly from the commander-in-chief’s office for the go¬ 
vernment of the army at large, or for any fpecific purpofe. 
Thefe orders are fanCtioned by the king, and are irrevo¬ 
cable elfewhere. 
General Orders are fucli as are iffued out by the general 
who commands, who gives them in writing to the adju¬ 
tant-general, wdio firft fends exadt copies to the general 
officers of the day, and diftributes them at his own quar¬ 
ters to all the brigade-majors, u'ho daily go to head-quar¬ 
ters for that purpofe ; where they write down every thing 
that is dictated to them : from thence they go and give 
the orders, at the place appointed for that purpofe, to the 
different majors or adjutants of the regiments which com- 
pofe that brigade, who firft read them to their colonels 
and lieutenant-colonels, or majors, and then dictate them 
to the ferjeants of companies. This is more frequently 
done by the ferjeant-major. The different ferjeants write 
them correCtly down in their refpeCtive orderly-books, 
and bring them to all the officers belonging to the com¬ 
pany. 
There are alfo garrifon, brigade, regimental, fanding, &c. 
orders. 
Order, in ecclefiaftical hiftory, is the title of certain 
ancient books, con taining the divine office, wdth the order 
and manner of its performance. Roman Order is that in 
which are laid down the ceremonies which obtain in the 
Romifh church. 
Orders, by way of eminence, or holy orders, denote a 
character peculiar to ecclefiaftics, whereby they are fet 
apart for the miniftry. This the Romanilts make their 
fixth facrament. 
In the reformed churches there are but three orders; 
viz. bifhops, priefts, and deacons. In the Romifh church 
there are feven, exclufive of the epifcopate : all which the 
council of Trent enjoins to be received, and believed, on 
pain of anathema. They are diftinguifhed into petty or 
Jecular orders, and major or /acred orders. 
The petty orders are four; thofe of door-keeper, exorcift, 
reader, and acolyth. Thofe in petty orders may marry 
without any difpenfation : in effeCt, the petty orders are 
looked on as little other than formalities, and as degrees 
neceflary to arrive at the higher orders. Yet the council 
of Trent is very ferious about them : enjoins that none 
be admitted into them without underftanding Latin ; and 
recommends it to the bifhops, to obferve the intervals of 
conferring them, that the perfons may have a fufficient 
time to exercife the funCHon of each order; but it leaves 
the bifhops a power of difpenfing with thofe rules; fo that 
the four orders are ufually conferred the fame day, and 
only make the firft part of the ceremony of ordination. 
The Greeks difavow thefe petty orders, and pafs imme¬ 
diately to the fub-diaconate, and the reformed to the 
diaconate. Their firft rife Fleury dates in the time of the 
emperor Juftinian. There is no call nor benefice required 
for the four petty orders; and a baftard may even enjoy 
them without any difpenfation : nor does bigamy difqualify. 
The jittered or major orders, as we have already obferved, 
are three; viz. thofe of deacon, prieft, and bifhop. The 
council of Trent, retrieving the ancient difcipline, for¬ 
bids any perfon being admitted to the major orders un- 
lefs he be in peaceable poffeffion of a benefice fufficient for 
a decent fubfiftence; allowing no ordinations on patri¬ 
monies or penfions, except where the bifhop judges it for 
the fervice of the church, 
A perfon is Laid to be promoted to orders per fdltum, 
when he has not before paffed the inferior orders. The 
council of Conftantinople forbids any bifhop being or¬ 
dained without paffingall the degrees; yet church-hiftory 
furnifhes us with inftances of bifhops confecrated, without 
having paffed the order of priefthood; and Panormus ft ill 
thinks fuch an ordination valid. 
Orders, religious, are congregations or focieties of 
monaftics, living under the fame fuperior, in the fame 
manner, and wearing the fame habit. 
Religious orders may be reduced to five kinds; viz. 
monks, canons, knights, mendicants, and regular clerks. 
Father Mabillon fliows, that, till the ninth century, almoft 
all the monafteries in Europe followed the rule of St. Be¬ 
nedict; and that the diftinftion of orders did not com¬ 
mence till the re-union of feveral monafteries into one 
congregation ; that St. Odo, abbot of Cluny, firft be¬ 
gan this re-union, bringing feveral houfes under the de¬ 
pendence of Cluny; that, a little afterwards, in the 
eleventh century, the Camaldulians arofe; then, by de¬ 
grees, the congregation of Vallombrofa; the Ciftercians, 
Carthufians, Auguftines; and at laft, in the thirteenth 
century, the Mendicants. He adds, that Lupus Servatus, 
abbot of Ferrieres in the ninth century, is the firft that 
feems to diftinguifb the order of St. Benedict from the 
reft, and to fpeak of it as a particular order. 
The white order denoted the order of regular canons of 
St. Auguftine; and the black denoted the order of Bene- 
didiines. Thefe names were firft given thefe two orders 
from the colour of their habit; but are difufed fince the 
inftitution of feveral other orders who wear the fame 
colours. 
The grey order was the ancient name of the Ciftercians ; 
but, fince the change of the habit, the name fuits them no 
more. 
ORDERS of KNIGHTHOOD. See the article 
Knighthood, vol. xi. The following orders have been 
eftablifhed or altered fince that article was printed. 
LXXV. The Order of St. Michael, in France; fee 
vol. xi. p. 814. This order, which had been virtually 
abolifiied during the revolution, has been lately (Jan. 
1817.) revived by the reftored king, and is to be appro¬ 
priated chiefly to literary men. The number of knights, 
we are told, is limited to 100. 
CXV. The Order of the Bath, p. 819. See alfo the 
article Heraldry, vol. ix. p. 773. This order was in- 
ftituted in England in the year 1399 ; revived by George I. 
in 1725 ; and, on the 2d of January 1815, it was ordained, 
that it fliould thenceforward confift of three clafles ; viz. 
Knights Grand Croffes, Knights Commanders, and Com¬ 
panions. The particulars, as to the badges to be worn 
by the different clafles, the rank and fervices required, 
for admiffion into each, in confequence of this important 
alteration, are fully fet forth in the following Supplement 
to the London Gazette. 
Whitehall, Jan. 2, 1815. Whereas his Royal Highnefs 
the Prince Regent, afting in the name and on the behalf 
of his Majefty, Sovereign of the Molt Honourable Mili¬ 
tary Order of the Bath, is defirous of commemorating 
the aufpicious termination of the long and arduous con- 
tefts in which this empire has been engaged, and of 
4 marking 
