752 
O R K 
the raoft beautiful of thefe ftones, to be fet in their chim¬ 
neys by way of ornament, like the painted tiles of Hol¬ 
land. 
This country produces many fepulchres of different 
nations. In the plains or links of Skeal, the fand being 
blown away from the furface of the ground, feveral fquare 
catacombs appear, built of ftones well cemented together, 
containing fome parcels of black earth, and each fecured 
by a large flone at the mouth. Sepulchres of the fame 
kind are found at Roufum in Stronfa ; which is likewife 
remarkable for a different kind of monument, confifting 
of one entire ftone cylinder hollowed, with a bottom like 
that of a barrel, and a round ftone to fill up the entrance ; 
above, the ftone was fharpened into an edge ; within were 
found fome burned bones and red clay; and over it was 
placed a large flat ftone, for the prefervation of the whole. 
Thefe, in all probability, were Roman catacombs. In 
Weftra divers Danifh graves have been difcovered : in one 
of thefe appeared the fkeleton of a man, with a fword on 
one fide, and a Danifh axe on the other. Some have been 
found buried with dogs,combs, knives, and other utenfils. 
In many places of the country we find round hillocks or 
barrows, here known by the name of brogh , fignifying, 
in the Teutonic language, burying-place, fup'pofed to 
have been the cemeteries of the ancient Saxons. In dif¬ 
ferent parts of thefe iflands we fee the remains of great 
buildings, believed to have been fortrefles ereCted by the 
Danes or Norwegians w'hen they poffeifed the country. 
One of thefe, in the ifle of Wyre, called the' Cqftle of 
Coppi-rotv, fignifying a town of fecurity, is furrounded by 
a fofle, and the firft floor flill remains above ground, a 
perfect fquare of ftone wall, very thick, ftrongly built, 
and cemented with lime, the area within not exceeding 
ten feet in length. Of this Coppi-row the qommon 
people relate many idle fables. In the chapel of Clef, in 
the ifle of Sanda, there is a grave nineteen feet long, in 
which was found part of a man’s back-bone, larger than 
that of a horle. Human bones, of nearly the fame fize, 
have been dug up in Weftra ; and, indeed, this country is 
remarkable for producing men of a gigantic ftature. 
Within the ancient fabric of Lady Kirk in South Ranal- 
fliaw, there is a ftone four feet long and two feet broad, 
on which the prints of two feet are engraven, fuppofed to 
be the place where, in times of popery, penitents flood to 
do public penance. 
The cathedral of Kirkwall, the capital of the Orkneys, 
is a fine Gothic building, dedicated to St. Magnus, but 
now converted into a parifh-church. Of the numerous 
other buildings chara&erifed by ancient writers as lofty 
and magnificent piles, few retain traces fufficient to mark 
decidedly the fite on which they flood. The bifhop’s pa¬ 
lace in Eaglefhay, the houfe of Siguid of Weftnefs, that 
of Sween in Gairfay, the caftle of Damfay, the refidence 
of Thorkil in Sandwich, the palace of the earls in Orphir, 
and the celebrated palaces of the princes and bilhops in 
Birfa, are now completely demolithed. Thefe laft flood 
on a fine lawn near the prefent church, and clofe to the 
fhore, oppofite to what is called the Burgh of Birfa, fup¬ 
pofed to have been formerly a rock-fortification, as fome 
remnants of awvall are yet vifible on the land-fide. On 
the ifland of Roufay is a high ridge or mound, which has 
received the name of the Camp of Jupiter Fring. As it 
is plainly however a natural elevation, and bears no 
marks of human art either on it or around it, Dr. Barry 
is of opinion, that its prefent appellation has originated 
with fome whimfical genius in later times, probably on 
account of this fpot being a favourite haunt of the eagle; 
the bird facred to the king of gods and men. Such other 
veftiges of antiquity as feem worthy of notice, will be 
mentioned under the name of the ifland to which they 
may refpeftively belong. In the compilation of the pre¬ 
fent article, we have been indebted, chiefly, to the Rev. 
Dr. Barry’s Hift. of the Orkney Iflands, 1805; and, for 
the remarks on natural hiftory, to the Fauna Orcadenfs of 
O R L 
the Rev. George Low, which, in 1813, was published 
from the original MS. by Win. Elford Leach, M.D. F.L.S. 
Mr. Low' was born in the parith of Edzel and county 
of Forfar, Scotland, in 174.6, and profecuted his ftudies 
in the univerfities of Aberdeen and St. Andrew’s. When 
afting in the capacity of domeftic tutor at Stromnefs, he 
was invited to accompany the prefent fir Jofeph Banks 
and the late Dr. Solander, in their excurfion among the 
Orkney and Shetland ifles, which thofe gentlemen vifited 
on their return from the voyage which proved fatal to 
the unfortunate Capt. Cook. On the 14th of December, 
1774, Mr. Low was ordained minifter of the parith of 
Birfa and Haray in Pomona, one of the Orkneys. In 
the year following, he married Helen Tyrie, only daugh¬ 
ter of a neighbouring clergyman, but who died in child¬ 
bed before another year had paffed : an event which deeply 
affeCted the author’s fpirits, and induced him, during the 
remainder of his life, to cultivate with ardour the fcience 
of nature ; to which he had early evinced a predilection, 
and in which, notwithftanding his flender refources of 
every defcription, he made a very refpeClable proficiency. 
He was encouraged to draw' up both a Fauna Orcadenfs 
and a Flora Orcadenfs. The latter has entirely difap- 
peared. He likewife prepared for the prefs “A Tour 
through the Iflands of Orkney and Shetland, containing 
Hints relating to their Ancient, Modern, and Natural, 
Hiftory.” He alfo undertook and executed a tranflation 
of Torfaeus’s Hiftory of Orkney. Mr. Low died in 1795. 
The principal part of his MSS. including the Fauna, the 
Tour, and the Tranflation of Torfaeus, together with his 
zoological collections, fell into the hands of the late emi¬ 
nent antiquary, Mr. George Paton, of Edinburgh, at 
whole fale, after his death, they were purchafed by dif¬ 
ferent individuals; and the Fauna Orcadenlis is the only 
one of his w’orks that has been publifned, 
OR'LA, a river of Saxony, which joins the Saal at 
Orlamunda. 
ORLAMUN'DA, a town of Saxony, in the principa¬ 
lity of Altenburg, at the conflux of the Grla and the Saal: 
forty miles weft-fouth-weft of Altenburg, and twenty- 
four eaft-fouth-eaft of Erfurt. Lat. 50.45. N. Ion.11.25. E. 
OR'LAND, a tow'll of Maflachufetts, North America, 
in the diftrift of Maine, on the Penobfcot: feventy miles 
north-eaft of Portland. 
ORLAN'DIN (Nicholas), a learned Italian Jefuit, of 
noble defcent, born at Florence in the year 1554. He 
entered the fcciety of Jefus when he was at the age of 
eighteen, and diftinguilhed himfelf by his proficiency in 
literature, particularly in the knowledge of the Latin 
tongue, and the claflical writers in that language. After 
flnilhing his ftudies, he filled the poft of Latin tutor in 
different houfes belonging to his order, till the ftate of 
his health obliged him to relinquilh that employment; 
when he was at firft made reCtor of the college at Nola, 
and afterwards prefident of the feminary for novices at 
Naples. In the year 1598, he was fent for to Rome, where 
he undertook the talk of drawing up a grand hiftory of 
the Jefuits; but died in the year 1606, about the age of 
fifty-two, W'hen he had completed only the firft volume of 
the projected work. After his death it was publifliedat 
Rome, in 1615, under the title of e< Hiftoriae Societatis Jefu 
pars prima, five Ignatius,” folio. This work was conti¬ 
nued by father Francis Sacchini, who at different periods 
publifhed four volumes ; and was at length brought down 
to the year 1616 by father Jouvency, who publifhed a 
fixth volume at Rome in 1710, folio. The part executed 
by father Qrlandin would have been entitled to higher 
praife, if he had been lefs copious in his wonderful rela¬ 
tions of miracles, vifions, and prophecies. He was alfo 
the author of, 2. Annuse Litterre Societatis Jefu, for the 
years 1583, 1584, and 1586, 8vo. 3. Vita Petri Fabri Soc. 
Jef. qui primus fuit decern Socis S. P. N. Ignatii; 1617, 
8vo. Sotvelli Fill. Script. Soc. Jef 
ORLAN'DO. A man’s name. 
ORLAN'DQ 
