754 
ORLEANS. 
number of houfes in 1800 amounted to 141; and the 
whole population confifted of 174 families, and 1095 per¬ 
fons ; and, in 1810, of 1248 perfons. 
OR'LEANS (Ille of), an illand of Canada, fituated in 
the river St. Lawrence, at a fmall diftance below Quebec, 
remarkable for the richnefs of its foil. The fouth-weft 
end of the illand is called Point Orleans. The coaft is 
rocky tor a mile and a half within the fouth channel, 
where is a careening-place for merchant-fhips. 
OR'LEANS (New.) See New Orleans, vol. xvi. p. 
785. and the article Louisiana, vol. xiii. to which we are 
now enabled to add, that, by the cenfus of 1810, the 
territory of New Orleans is ftated as compriling the fol¬ 
lowing counties: viz. Orleans, German Coaft, Acadia, 
La Fourche, Iberville, Point Coupee, Concordia, Oua- 
chitta, Rapides, Nertchitoches, Opeloufas, and Arkanfas, 
which include a number of parishes, and a population of 
76,556 fouls. The city and fuburbs of New Orleans con¬ 
tained 17,242, and its precinfts 7310: the number of 
flaves in the former is ftated at 5961, in the latter at 4863. 
Since the cenfus of 1810, there has been a rapid increafe 
ot population. Mr. Darby, in his “ Defcription of Loui- 
iiana,” publilhed in 1816, ftates, that 1000 may be added 
for the annual increafe ; fo that the prefent population 
may be eftimated at more than 23,000 perfons. No city 
perhaps on the globe, he fays, prefents a greater contrail 
of national manners, language, and complexion, than 
New Orleans. The proportion between the whites and 
men of mixed call, or black, is nearly equal. Among the 
whites, the French are hitherto moll numerous and 
wealthy; next to thefe are the Anglo-Americans; and, 
laftly, the natives of the Britilh illands. Here are but 
few Spaniards and Portuguefe, fome Indians, and dif- 
perfed individuals of all the nations of Europe. 
OR'LEANS (Peter Jofeph d’), a Jefuit and writer of 
hiftory, was born at Bourges in 1641, of an ancient 
family in the province of Berry. He entered into the fio- 
ciety of Jefuits in 1659, and for feveral years taught rhe¬ 
toric in its feminaries. He cultivated his talents for the 
pulpit, but more particularly attended to hiftorical com- 
pofition, in which he alfiduoully employed himfelf till 
his death, at Paris, in 1698. Father d’Orleans was a man 
of lively parts and agreeable converfation, and was as 
well received in the great world as in literary circles. 
His writings are in general more diftinguifhed for ima¬ 
gination and eloquence, than for correftnefs and juftnefs 
of thinking. That by which he ia mod known is his 
“ Hiftoire des Revolutions d’Angleterre,” 3 vols. 4to. 
which became popular on the continent, and has even 
met with admirers in this country. But Englifti hiftory 
is a fubjeft on which it i3 impofiible for a -Jefuit to write 
with a proper fpirit; and that of father d’Orleans may be 
judged of from his calling Magna Charta “ the rock on 
which the royal authority fplit, and the fource of all 
the contentions which have fince agitated England.” 
His next confiderable work is the “ Hiftoire des Revolu¬ 
tions d’Efpagne,” not publifned till 1734, in 3 vols. 4to. 
with the continuation by fathers Arthuis and Brumoi. 
He alfo wrote, 3. La Vie de B. Louis de Gonzague. 4. 
La Vie de P. Coton. 5. Hiftoire des deux Conquerans 
Tartares Chunchi et Camhi. 6. L’Hiftoire de M. Con¬ 
firmee, Premier Miniftre du Roi de Siam. 7. La Vie du 
P. Matthieu Ricci. 8. Sermons, 2 vols. Gen. Bing. 
OR'LEANS (Louis, Duke of), firft prince of the blood 
in France, was the fon of Philip duke of Orleans, (after¬ 
wards regent,) and born at Verfailles in the year 1703. 
At the age of fixteen, he was introduced into the council 
of the regency, made governor of Dauphiny, and nomi¬ 
nated grand-mafter of the orders of Our Lady of Mount 
Carmel and St. Lazarus. In the year 1724, after the 
death of his father, he married a princefs of Baden, with 
whom he lived very happily about two years, but had the 
misfortune to lofe her by a premature death. This event 
made fuch an imprefiion upon his mind, that he deter¬ 
mined to renounce the gaieties of the world, and to de¬ 
vote himfelf wholly to devotional exei'cifes, works of 
beneficence and charity, and the ftudy of religion and 
the fciences. In the year 1730, he took an apartment in 
the abbey of St. Genevieve, to which he was accuftomed 
to retire for fome years on all folemn feftivals; but, in 
the year 1742, when he took his leave of the court, he 
became a conftant relident there, and never quitted if, ex¬ 
cepting when he went to meet the council which he eim 
trailed with the management of his domains, or when he 
vi fired the hofpitals and churches. His immenfe income 
he fpent in founding hofpitals, fchools, and fcholarthips 
for the education of divines; in portioning young wo¬ 
men, inftrudting tradefmen, and relieving the unfortu¬ 
nate and indigent; in protedling and encouraging learned 
men, fupporting millions, and befriending fuch projects 
as appeared calculated to benefit the public; and on va¬ 
rious other humane and praifeworthy objefls.. At the 
fame time he applied with great diligence and fuccefs to 
his literary and fcientific ftudies; and made himfelf mat¬ 
ter of the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, and Greek, languages. 
He alfo became well acquainted with the writings of the 
ableft divines, the beft ecclefiaftical hiftorians, the fathers, 
univerfal hiftory, geography, botany, chemiftry, natural 
hiftory, natural philofophy, and the art of painting. The 
intenfenefs of application with which he devoted himfelf 
to thefe purfuits, and the excetlive feverity of the dif- 
cipline to which lie fteadily adhered, at length brought on 
him a tedious and painful diforder, to which he fell a fa- 
crifice in 1752, when he was in the fifty-ninth year of his 
age. He left behind him a vaft number of manuferipts, 
confifting of, 1. Literal Tranllations, Paraphrafes, and 
Commentaries on different parts of the Old Teftamenr. 
2. A literal Tranflation of the Book ofPfalms, from the 
Hebrew, with a Paraphrafe and Notes. 3. A literal Tranf¬ 
lation of the Epiilles of St. Paul, from the Greek, with a 
Paraphrafe, Notes, and pious Refledlions. 4. Numerous 
Diftertations, &c. which are faid by the abbe Ladvocat, 
who had the opportunity of perufing them, to abound in 
erudition, fiolid criticifm, and much curious and intereft- 
ing matter. They were bequeathed by him, together 
with his valuable library, to the Dominican order; but 
whether they are ftill in exiftence, or periftied in the late 
deftrudlion of the monadic inftitutions, we are not 
informed. Laclvocat's Diet. Hiji. et Bill, portal f. Gen. 
Biog-. 
OR'LEANS (Philip-Louis-Jofeph, Duke of), was born 
at St. Cloud in 1747, and became exceedingly notorious 
in the late revolution. In his youth, his title was that 
of Duke of Chartres. He was brought up to the fea- 
fervice ; and in 1778 we find him on-board the fleet com¬ 
manded by d’Orvilliers : but we have no account of his 
having diftinguifhed himfelf at that or any other time. 
It has indeed been recorded, to his difgrace, that, in the 
adlion with Keppel, he went down into the hold, and re¬ 
filled to appear on deck till the engagement was over. 
After this, however, he was raifed to a ftill higher rank 
in the navy, but without having any opportunity of re¬ 
deeming his credit, or of adding to his difgrace. Upon 
his return, he became extremely diftipated ; and, anxious 
to fignalize himfelf where he probably expedled little 
danger, he joined the popular party againft the meafures 
of the .court. He violently oppofed the regiftering the 
edidls of the king, as an infringement of the rights of 
parliament; and entered his written proteft againft it. 
The confequences of this, with his gaining the title of 
“ Prince of the Patriots,” his afluming that of “ Citizen 
Egalite,” his voting for the king’s death without appeal, 
and his own execution, are fully detailed under the ar¬ 
ticle France, vol. vii. p. 756, 7, 9. 77, 88, 95. 
OR'LEANS de la MOT'TE (Louis Francis Gabriel 
d’), one of the mod virtuous French prelates, was de- 
feended from a noble family, and born at Carpentras in 
the year 1683. He became ftucceflively canon and pre¬ 
bend of the cathedral church in his native city, grand 
vicar of Arles, and adminiftrator of the diocefe of Senez. 
In 
