706 
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Foix, (he confined the unhappy Blanche in the caftle of 
Orthes, and, after an imprifonment of two years, caufed 
her to he poifoned. It is twenty miles north-weft of Pau, 
and thirty ealt of Bayonne. Lat.43.a9.N- lon.o.4a.W. 
OR'THIA, in ancient geography, a canton of the Pelo- 
ponnefus, in Arcadia. 
OR'THIA, in mythology, the furname of Diana, who 
had a temple at Lacedemon. 
ORTH'MANSDOR F, a town of Germany, in the cir¬ 
cle of .Erzgeberg : four miles eaft-fouth-eall of Zwickau. 
ORTHOC'ERAS, [from opfios, ftraight, and a 
liotn.] In botany, a genus of the clafs gynandria, order 
diandria, natural order orchidese. Elfential generic cha¬ 
racter—Nefilary dependent; petals nine, the five outer 
ones very large; of two fhapes ; column of the fi'unifica¬ 
tion reverfed, with a lid at top. There are two fpecies. 
1. Orthoceras formofii: fcape leafy at the bale ; flowers 
racemed, fpathaceous. Inhabits Auftralafia. This is the 
Diuris of Dr. Smith in the Linn. Tranf. vol. iv. p zzz. 
z. Othoceras ftridtum : flower ringent, tw'o lower ca¬ 
lyx-leaves ftraight, and its petals diminutive and co¬ 
hering ; bulbs undivided. Native of Port Jackfon, New 
South Wales. Separated from the genus Diuris by Mr. 
Brown, Prodr. Nov. Holl. i. 316. As Diuris was 
omitted in its proper place, we have thought it belt to in¬ 
corporate the two genera, as Dr. Smith thinks they are 
not diftindf. 
ORTHODO'RON, f . [Greek ] An ancient meafure of 
length ; being the fpace from the carpus, or wrift, to the 
tips of the fingers : rated at eleven inches. 
ORTHODOX, or Orthodox'al, adj. [from the Gr. 
op 9 o;, right, and ^fa., judgment.] Sound in opinion and 
dodlrine ; not heretical. Ortliotloxal is not now ufed.— 
Be you perfuaded and fettled in the true proteftant reli¬ 
gion profefled by the church of England ; which is as 
found and orthodox in the dodfrine thereof, as any 
Chriftian church in the world. Bacon. —An uniform pro- 
feftion of one and the fame orthodoxal verity, which was 
once given to the faints in the holy apofties’ days. White. 
—Origen and the two Clemens’s, their works were origi¬ 
nally orthodox, but had been afterwards corrupted, and 
interpolated by hereticks in fome parts of them. Water- 
land. 
OR'THODOXLY, adv. With foundnefs of opinion.— 
The dodfrine of the church of England, expreffed in the 
thirty-nine articles, is fo foundly and fo orthodoxly fet¬ 
tled, as cannot be queftioned without extreme danger to 
the honour of our religion. Bacon. 
OR'THODOXNESS, J '. State of being orthodox.— 
I proceed now' to thefecond thing implied in being faith¬ 
ful : and that is purity, and orthodoxnefs of doctrine, Kil- 
lingbeck's Sermons. 
ORTHODOXY, f . [o^o^o| to. ; orthodoxie, Fr.] Sound- 
nefs in opinion and dodfrine.—Bafil himfelf bears full and 
clear teftimony to Gregory’s orthodoxy. Water/and. —I do 
not attempt explaining the mylteries of the Chriftian reli¬ 
gion : fince Providence intended there fhould be myfteries, 
if cannot be agreeable to piety, orthodoxy, or good fenfe, 
to go about it. Swift. 
Orthodoxy, or Frafi of Orthodoxy, denotes a folemn 
feaft in the Greek church, inftituted by the emprefs Theo¬ 
dora; ftill held on the firft Sunday in Lent, in memory 
of the reftoration of images in churches, which had been 
taken down by the iconoclafts. 
ORTHODROM'ICS, f . [from the Gr. ojS®-, right, 
and fyoy.&‘, courfe.] The art of failing in the arc of fome 
great circle, which is the ftiortefc or ftraighteft diltance 
between any two points on the furface of the globe. 
Harris. 
ORTHOD'ROMY, f . Sailing in a ftraight courfe. 
"RTHG'EPY, f. [from the Gr. op 0 o$, right, and 
a word.] The art of pronouncing words properly.—Of 
orthography, or orthoepy, treating of the letters and their 
pronunciation. Greenwood's Ejfay on Englijh Grammar. — 
As it has been frequently reprelented to me, that the un- 
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ufual, though proper, expreffion of Elements of Orthoepy, 
the original title of this work, has prevented many from 
comprehending its real intention, I have confented to the 
printing of a new title-page. Nares's Gen. Rules for the 
Pron. of the Eng. Language. 
OR'THOGON, f . [Greek.] A redfangled figure.— 
The fquare will make you ready for all manner of com¬ 
partments ; your cylinder, for vaulted turrets and round 
buildings; your orthogon and pyramid, for lharp fteeples. 
Peaeham. 
ORTHOG'ONAL, adj. Rectangular.—Finding the 
fquares of an orthogonal triangle’s fide. Seldon's Pref. in 
Drayton's Polyolbion. 
ORTHOG'R APHER, J'. [from orthography ~\ One who 
fpells according to the rules of grammar.-—He was wont 
to fpeak plain, like an honeft man and a foldier; and, 
now he is turn’d orthographer, his words are juft fo many 
Arrange dirties. Shahejpeare. 
ORTHOGRAPHICAL, adj. Rightly fpelled ; relat¬ 
ing to fuelling. — I received from him the following 
letter, which, after having rectified fome orthographical 
miftakes, I (hall make a prefent of to the public. AddiJ'on. 
—-Delineated according to the elevation, not the ground - 
plot.—In the orthographical fchemes there .fhould be a 
true delineation and the juft dimenlions of each face, and 
of what belongs to it. Mortimer's Hujbandry. 
ORTHOGRAPIi'ICALLY, adv. According to th® 
rules of fpelling; according to the elevation. 
ORTHOG'R APHIST, /! An orthographer. Cole. 
To ORTHOG'RAPHIZE, v. n. To prafitife the rules of 
orthography. Cole. 
ORTHOG'RAPHY, f . [from the Gr. o^ 9 o?, right, and 
y^aepa, to write.] The part of grammar which teaches 
how words fhould be fpelled.—This would render lan¬ 
guages much more eafy to be learned, as to reading and 
pronouncing, and efpecially as to the writing them, 
which now as they ftand we find to be troublefome ; and it 
is no final 1 part of grammar which treats of orthography 
and right pronunciation. Holder. —The art or p raft ice of 
fpelling.—In London they clip their words after one 
manner about the court, another in the city, and a third 
in the fuburbs ; all which, reduced to writing, would en¬ 
tirely confound orthography. Swift. —The elevation of a 
building delineated.—You have the orthography or up¬ 
right of this ground-plot, and the explanation with a 
fcale of feet and inches. Bloxon. 
The diverfity which is found in moft of the modern 
languages, efpecialiy theEnglifh and French, between the 
pronunciation and orthography, makes one of the prin¬ 
cipal difficulties in acquiring them ; nevertlfelefs-, it arifes 
from the fame fource as the languages themfelves. The 
Gauls, for inftance, forming a new language from the an¬ 
cient Latin, took the liberty to model the words to their 
fancy: at firft, indeed, it is probable they wrote as they 
pronounced ; but, by degrees, finding that words pro¬ 
nounced with all their letters founded harffi, they began, 
in fpeahing, to foften that harlhnefs refulting from the 
concurrence and clafliing of eonfonants ; but, as the or¬ 
thography, or writing, did not oftend the ear, it ftill 
continued on its former footing. 
Attempts were afterwards made to reduce the writing 
of French to the pronunciation, which occafioned great 
difputes. Pelletier of Mans was the firft who pleaded for 
the change of orthography ; anti, after him, Maigret, Pe¬ 
ter Ramus, De Bois, Menage, Voltaire, and others : but 
in vain. They have, however, occafioned a fchifin among 
writers, which has done more harm than the evil they in¬ 
tended to reform, the French writers being fince divided 
into two parties ; one of which adheres to the old, the 
other to the new, orthography. The latter, F. Buffier ob- 
ferves, is the moft conliderable body ; yet are thefe di¬ 
vided among thernfelves, fome being for carrying the re¬ 
formation much farther than others. The chief matters 
urged in behalf of the ancient orthography are, that, by 
changing it, we (houlcl lofe fight of the origin and etymo- 
4 logy 
