788 Q R T 
ORTHOSTE'MON, /! [from the Gr. op 9 o?, ftraight, 
and rripw, a ftamen.] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
tetrandria, order monogynia, natural order gentianEe, 
Jnff.—Effential Charade?', Calyx tubular, four-toothed ; 
corolla with a fliort deeply-four-cleft limb, and naked 
mouth, withering. -Stamens equal, prominent; anthers 
burfting lengthwife, pointlefs, always ftraight; ftigmas 
two, roundiflt. 
This is a genus of flaccid herbs, with broadilh leaves 
and terminal - flowers ; inftituted or propofed by Mr. 
Brown, Prodr. Nov. Holl. i. 451. See the article Chi- 
&ONIA. 
ORTHOT'RI'CKUM,/! [from the-Gr. op 8o ; , ftraight or 
ereCt, and a hair; alluding to the hairs that, in moll 
fpecies, clothe the calyptra or veil, in this very-natural 
genus of modes, and whofe erect pofition is direCtly the 
reverfe of what is obfervable in the hairy veil of Polytri¬ 
chum.] Bristle-Moss; in botany, a genus of the clafs 
cryptogamia, order niufci, natural order mufci, or 
mofles.— EjJ'entud Charade?'. Capfule oblong, terminal ; 
outer fringe of ftxteen teeth ; inner of eight or fixteen 
thread-fliaped teeth, fometimes wanting; veil angular, 
moftly clothed with ereCt hairs. 
I. With the proper double fringe of the genus. 
1. Orthotrichum ftriatum, or common briftle-mofs : 
Idem branched ; leaves lanceolate, keeled, revolute, fpread- 
ing; veil entire ; inner fringe of fixteen teeth. Not rare 
on the trunks of old 'trees, bearing eaplules from Fe¬ 
bruary to May. Few fpecies are fo complete in the techni¬ 
cal generic characters ; for this has not only a hairy veil, 
but the outer fringe confifts of fixteen diftinCt teeth, the 
inner of as many white, indexed, linear, flat, jointed, 
jagged, ones, more like fcales than bridles. The Items are 
perennial, tufted, branched, an inch or two high, clothed 
with crowded, fpreading, lanceolate, acute, pointlefs, 
entire, revolute, fingle-ribbed, dark-green leaves, the 
upper ones paleft, more expanded, fometimes jagged at 
the end. Capfuies folitary, at the ends of lateral Ihoots, 
projecting a little beyond the leaves, furrowed in the up¬ 
per part when ripe, each on a very fliort fruit-ftalk. Lid 
ihort, with a blunt conical fliort point, cylindrical when 
dry, the edge crimfon. Veil partially covered with yel¬ 
low vertical hairs. Anthers in axillary tufts, on a fepa- 
rate plant. 
z. Orthotrichum affine, or pale ftraight-leaved briftle- 
mofs : Hem branched ; leaves lanceolate, keeled, revolute, 
fpreading ; veil flightly crenate ; inner fringe of eight 
teeth. More frequent perhaps than the foregoing, on 
rocks, old walls, cottage-roofs, &c. It differs from that 
fpecies in having paler leaves, a fruit-ftalk more elon¬ 
gated as it grows older, capfule twifted when ripe, but 
efpeciaily an inner fringe of only eight teeth, or rather 
Ample inflexed briftles, not jointed except when very old. 
3. Orthotrichum puichellum, or elegant fmooth briftle- 
mofs : Hera lomewhat branched ; leaves lanceolate, keeled, 
revolute, beardlefs, flightly twifted when dry; inner 
fringe of fixteen briftles; capfule with eight furrows ; veil 
naked. Found by Mr. Winch and Mr. Thornhill, on 
trees in various parts of the county of Durham. The 
ftems form tufts not half an inch high. Leaves bright- 
green, lanceolate, acute, beardlefs, fingle-ribbed ; flightly 
twifted, not curled, but drying. Fruit-ftalks elongated, 
confpicuous above the leaves, twifted, and yellowifli when 
full-grown. Capfule pale when ripe, with eight furrows, 
and as many intermediate ridges. Outer fringe of fixteen 
elegant red teeth, partly combined in pairs ; inner of fix¬ 
teen very {lender pale briftles, meeting by their points. 
Veil crenate at the bale, deftitute of hairs. This isftiown 
on the preceding Plate, at fig. z. 
II. With a Angle or outer fringe only. 
4. Orthotrichum anomalum, or rough fingle-fringed 
briftle-mofs: ftetn branched; leaves lanceolate, keeled, 
revolute 5 fringe Ample; veil hairy, toothed. Common 
on rocks, ruins, and (tones, bearing fruit early in fpring. 
O R T 
The colour of the leaves is a dull-brownifti green, and 
their edges are revolute. Though this fpecies has no in¬ 
ternal fringe, its veil anfwers to the character and name 
of the genus better than fome of the former, being very 
hairy till it becomes bald by age. 
5. Orthotrichum nudum, or naked briftle-mofs. Found 
on pofts in fliady places near rivers. This is of a very 
dark hue, and has no hairs upon the veil. 
6. Orthotrichum Brownianum, a minute and very curi¬ 
ous mofs; now found to have but four teeth to its fringe. 
This plant therefore ranges in the genus Tetraphis ; fee 
that article, and Ulota. 
OR'TI. See Orta. 
ORTIBA'RIO, a town of the ifland of Corfica : twelve 
miles fouth of Pellegrino. 
ORTI'GA, f . in botany. See Loosa. 
ORTIGO'SA, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile : fourteen 
miles fouth of Logrono. 
OR'TIVE, ad). [Fr. from ortivus, Lat.] Relating to 
the riling of any planet or ftar. 
OR'TO, a town of Chinefe Tartary : fifty miles weft of 
Hami. Lat. 43.46. N. Ion. 92. 44. E. 
OR'TOLAN, J". [French.] A frr.all bird accounted 
very delicious; the Emberiza hortulana.—Nor ortolans 
nor godwits. Con-Icy. 
OR'TON (Job), an eminent nonconformift divine, was 
born at Shrewfbury in the year 1717, where he received 
part of his education, which was completed under the ce¬ 
lebrated Dr. Doddridge at Northampton. He had fcarcely 
finiflied the courfe of his ftudies, when he was appointed 
alfiftant-tutor in the academy. In this capacity he pafied 
fome years, and then fettled as diflenfing minifter at 
Shrewfbury, his native town. He preached his firft (er- 
mon here in 1741, and was ordained in the following 
year ; and fo highly was he refpeCled by his brethren, that 
thirty minifters were prefent at the fervice. In 1748 his 
health was fo bad, that he was obliged to feek for an aflilt- 
ant to eafe him of part of his labours. Mr. Fowties was 
the perfon fixed on, and with him Mr. Orton lived in the 
utmoft harmony and friendfnip till the year 1765, when 
he religned the paftoral office, and in the following year 
he removed to Kidderminfter, in order that he might be¬ 
nefit by the advice of Dr. Johnftone, an able and (kilful 
phyfician, who was alfo his intimate acquaintance and 
friend. Here Mr. Orton fpent the remainder of his days, 
zealoufly intent on promoting the interefts 1 of religion; 
What he could not perform as a preacher, he was felici¬ 
tous to effeCt as a practical writer. His works are, 1. The 
Life of Dr. Doddridge. 2. Sermons to the Aged. 3. 
Three Sermons on Eternity; which are exceedingly im- 
preilive, and have been tranflated into the WelTh lan¬ 
guage. 4. Three Sermons on Chriftian Zeal. 5. Three 
Sermons on Chriftian Worlhip; and fome Angle dif- 
courfes. 6. A volume of fermons with the title of “ Re¬ 
ligious Exercifes recommended, or Difcourfes on the hea¬ 
venly State, confidered under the Idea of a Sabbath. 
7. Difcourfes on Practical Subjects, 2 vols. 8. Sacra¬ 
mental Meditations, or Devout Reflections on various 
paffages of Scripture, defigned to aflift Chriftians in their 
Attendance on the Lord’s Supper, and their immediate 
improvement of it. This was his laft publication. He died 
in the year 1783; and, after his death, was printed his 
“ Prafilica! Expolltion of the Old Teftainent,” in 6 vols 
8 vo. and a firnall collection of “ Letters to a young Clergy¬ 
man,” which had been addrefled to the Rev.Thomas Sted- 
man, the editor, and which contained advice that is in 
general well adapted for the direction and improvement 
of the younger clergy of every denomination. Gen. Blog-. 
OR'TON, or Ov'erton, a market-town and parifli, in 
the county of Weitmoreland, is fituated in a bleak open 
country, at the diftance of nine miles and a half fouth- 
weft-by-fouth from Appleby, fourteen north-north-eaft 
from Kendal, and 276 north-weft-by-north from London. 
The town is of very trifling importance, and chiefly in¬ 
habited by farmers, engaged in the cultivation of the 
fmall trad of fertile ground by which it is immediately 
furrounded. 
