O R V 
O R T 
furrounded. Orton had a market granted by Edward I. on 
Tuefday, which is now held on Wednefday, (another ac¬ 
count fays Friday ;) and there are two fairs. In 1612 the 
pariftiioners laid out 570I. in the purchafeof all the reXor’s 
tjthes, for the ufe of the incumbent, with the advowfon 
and patronage of its vicarage for ever. The church is 
a large old building, with a tower-fteeple at one end. Dr. 
Burn, author of The Juftice of the Peace, and one of the 
editors of the Hiftory and Antiquities of Weftmoreland 
and Cumberland, was vicar of Orton upwards of thirty 
years. Here are two free-fchools. According to the popu¬ 
lation-returns of 1811, this parifli contains 292 houl'es, 
and 1333 inhabitants. 
Raven ftoaed'ale is weft of Pendragon-caftle, near Orton. 
Its church was rebuilt in an elegant ftyle in 1774. It has 
alfo a diflenting meeting-houfe, and a charity-fchool. In 
this parifti the river Lund has its rife. 
Shap, at the fource of the Loder, between Orton and 
Penrith, had a famous abbey, built in 1119 ; but is of no 
other note, except for fome great ftones, like pyramids, 
placed almoft in a direX line, for a mile together, at eight, 
ten, and twelve, yards diftance, ofluch immenfe weight, 
that carriages now in ufe could not fupport them ; and 
undoubtedly was a place of druidical worfhip. It has a 
fair on May 4. The church is a large fqnare building, 
with, a fqnare tower. The abbey ftood about a mile weft 
from the church, of which little exifts but ruins, except 
the tower at the weft end of the deftroyed church, and the 
ruins of an old bridge. 
Whinfteld-hall is between Orton and Kendal. In the 
park is the fkeleton of an oak, which is thirteen yards in 
circumference at a diftance from the root. This village 
is in the parifti of Broughton. In the year 1 333, a ftag 
was run by a fingle greyhound out of this park to Red- 
kirk in Scotland, and back again; when, being both ex- 
haufted, the ftag leaped over the pales and died on the 
other fide, and the greyhound, attempting to leap, fell, 
and died on the contrary fide. In memory of this faX, 
the flag’s horns were nailed upon a tree juft by, which to 
this day bears the name of hurt-horn tree. Wilkes's Bri- 
tijh Direftory, vol. v. Appendix. 
ORTO'NA, in ancient geography, a town and port of 
Italy, in Samnium; it belonged to the people called 
Frentani, according to Strabo. 
ORTO'NA A MA'RE, a fea-port town of Naples, in 
Abruzzo Citra ; the fee of a bifhop, united w ith Cam- 
poli: thirteen miles eaft of Civita di Chieti. Lat. 42. 20. 
N. Ion. 14. 20. E- 
ORTO'RI, a town of Japan, in the ifland of Niphon : 
fifteen miles louth of Idfumi. 
ORTOS'TA, a town of Sweden, in the province of 
Schonen : five miles north of Lund. 
OR'TRAND, a town of Saxony, in the margravate of 
Meiflen: eleven miles north-eaft of Groften Hayn, and 
twenty-two north of Drefden. 
ORTS,/’. feldom with a lingular. [This word is de¬ 
rived by Skinner from ort, German, the fourth part of any 
thing; by Mr. Lye more realonably from orda, Irifti, a 
fragment. In Anglo-Saxon, ord ftgnifies the beginning; 
whence, in fome provinces, or/A and ends, for ords and ends, 
fignify remnants, fcattered pieces, refufe; from ord, thus 
ailed, probably came ort. Dr. Johnfon.—Orts is, through-^ 
out all England, one of the molt common words in our 
language; which has adopted nothing from the Irifti, 
though we ufe two or three of their words, as Irifti. Orts 
is merely the pall participle of the Anglo Saxon verb 
ojieTcan ; and oret , or ort, means any thing made vile or 
worthlefs. Tooke's Div. of Parley, ii. 328.] Refufe; things 
left or thrown away.—Thou foil of crums and orts. B. 
Juvfon. —Tile polluted orts and refufe of Arcadias and 
romances, Milton's Eiconoclajl. 
Like lavifh anceftors, his earlier years 
Have dilinherited his future hours, 
Which ftarve on orts, and glean their former field. Young. 
2 
7£D 
ORT'YARD, f. An old word for an orchard. Bailey. 
ORTYG'IA, an ancient name of the ifland of Delos. 
Some fuppofe that it received this name from Latona, who 
fled thither when changed into a quail (oprul) by Jupiter, 
to avoid the purfuits of Juno. Diana was called Ortygia, 
as being born there ; as alfo Apollo. 
ORTYG'IA, a fmall ifland of Sicily, within the bay 
of Syracufe, which formed one of the four quarters of 
that great city. It was in this ifland that the celebrated 
fountain Arethufa arofe. Ortygia is now' the only part 
remaining of the once-famed Syracufe, about two miles 
in circumference, and inhabited by 18,000 fouls. It has 
fullered, like the towns on the eailern coaft, by the erup¬ 
tions of AEtna. 
OR'VAL,/’. [orvale, Fr. orvala, Lat.] The herb clary. 
See Lamium and Salvia. 
OR'VAL, a town of France, in the department of the 
Forefts: five miles north of Montmedy. 
ORU'BA. See Aruba. 
ORUEN'NY, a town of Hindooftan, in Dowlatabad : 
fifteen miles north-north-weft of Darore. 
ORVIE'TAN, /.’ [orvietinto, Ital. fo called from a moun¬ 
tebank at Orviet'o in Italy.] An antidote or counter- 
poifon ; a medicinal conipofition or electuary, good againft 
poifon. Bailey. 
ORVIE'TO, a town of Italy, in the popedom, with a 
biftiop’s fee, and a magnificent palace. It is the capital 
of the province of Orvietano; and is a large ftrong town, 
fituated at the conflux of the Tiber and the Chiane, on 
a fteep hill, furrounded on every fide with rocks and pre¬ 
cipices.^ To this fituation it isowing that it has no fprings ; 
but there is a very furprifing well cut into the rock, to 
fupply it with frefli water. The mules, which bring up 
the water on their backs, go down by a ftaircafe of 150 
fteps, and 60 windows, and come up by another, without 
meeting. The architeXof this lingular building was the 
famous Antonio de San Gallo, employed by Clement VII. 
At the entrance is this infcription, Quodnatura rnunimento 
inviderat, indujlria adjecit. This city is called Herbanum 
by Pliny, and Urbevetanum by Procopius. The cathedral, 
which is of Gothic architecture, is a handfome building, 
begun in 1260 by Nicolo Pifano. The front is adorned 
with fine ftatues ; among the reft, the Virgin Mary and the 
four Evangelifts, with a bafio-relievo of the laft Judgment, 
by the faid Nicolo Pifano; and others, reprefenting fome 
hiftories of the Old Teftament. The other half of the 
front is a furprifing work in mofaic, by Scalzi, exprefling 
the hiftory of the New' Teftament. In the church there 
is a very fine organ, and a balfo-relievo of Raphael da 
Monte Lupo. Here is alfo a chapel, which was begun to 
be painted by F. Angelo, a dominican, and fimfhed by 
Luke Signorelli, wherein is a very beautiful reprefentation 
of the laft Judgment. Orvieto was once a potent and po¬ 
pulous city, but is now' much upon the decline. The 
country of Orvietan is about twenty miles long, and from 
ten to fifteen wide. It isfeventy-three miles fouth-fouth- 
eaft of Florence, and fifty north-north-weft of Rome. 
Lat. 42.42. N. Ion. 12.3. E. 
OR'VILLE (James-Philip d’), a man of letters, was 
born at Amfterdam in 1696, of a family originally from 
France. He travelled into various parts of Europe, vifit- 
ing the libraries and cabinets, and forming connexions 
with learned men ; and, upon his return, was appointed, 
in 1736, profeflor of hiftory, eloquence, and Greek, at 
Amfterdam. He filled this office' with great reputation 
till 1742, when he refigned it, in order to devote himfelf 
wholly to itudy and literary conipofition. In conjunXion 
with Burmann, he continued a work begun by fome 
learned Engliftnnen, entitled “ Obfervationes Mifcella- 
neai Novae;” and ten volumes of it were publilhed by 
them jointly, and four more by d’Orville feparately. Some 
pieces of his own writing are contained in this colleXion, 
among which are, “A Diflertation on the Antiquity of 
the Ifle of Delos,” and “ Remarks on the Greek Romance 
of Chariton.” He alfo publilhed a learned and fevere 
critique 
