6 
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14. Ofraunda filiculifolia: fcape radicate, panicled ; 
frond fuper-decompcund. Found in South America by 
Plumier. 
15. Ofmunda regalis, ofmund-royal, or flowering fern : 
fronds bipinnate; racemiferous at the top. Root thick, 
externally fibrous, and covered with thin brown fcales. 
Plant from two to four foet high, of a pleafant tranfpa- 
rent green. Pinnules of the frond from fix to ten pairs, 
with an odd one at the end, each about two inches long ; 
lanceolate orJinear-lanceolate, blunt; finely, but indif- 
tinftly, l'errated, divided by a midrib, from both fides of 
which arife numerous fine bifid dichotomous nerves, 
their ramifications capillary and parallel; the lower and 
younger ones often lobed at the bafe. The central leaves 
are terminated by a bipinnate branch of fructifications ; 
the pinnules awl-fliaped, and crowded with feffile clutters 
of globular capfules, green when young, but reddiih- 
brown when ripe, and burfting vertically. The external 
leaves are barren. Native of feveral parts of Europe, and 
alfo of Virginia, in watery places, and bogs. It is the 
large!! and handfomeft of our Britifh ferns ; and is found 
near Yarmouth, and St. Faith’s Newton-bogs near Nor¬ 
wich ; in the New Forelt; in Cornwall; in the ifle of 
Anglefea ; in feveral parts of Scotland ; in Ireland, where 
it is called bog-onion, in Kirkiftown-bog. In Gerard, the 
names are, water-fern, Ofmund the Waterman, St. Chrif- 
t'opher’s herb. This is the only fpecies of Ofmunda 
which is noticed by Mr. Miller. A full idea of it will be 
acquired by infpeCting the annexed Plate. 
16. Ofmunda Claytoniana, or Virginian ofmunda: 
fronds pinnate; pinnas pinnatifid, clofely-fruftifying at 
top. Linnteus remarks, that O. regalis connects the pre¬ 
ceding with this, and that this connefts the following 
fpecies with that. Native of North America. Introduced 
in 1772 by Samuel Martin, M.D. It flowers in Auguft. 
17. Ofmunda Capenfis : fronds pinnate; pinnas cor¬ 
date-lanceolate, crenulate. Frond leafy, more than a foot 
high, Amply pinnate, with a chaffy flock. Native of the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
18. Ofmunda cinnamomea, or woolly ofmunda: frond 
pinnate; pinnas pinnatifid ; fcapes hirfu.te; racemes op- 
pofite, compound. Native of North America. Introduced 
ir. 1772 by Samuel Martin, M.D. It flowers in June. 
19. Ofmunda ftruthiopteris, bird’s-neft, or Ruffian, of- 
munda: fronds pinnate; pinnas pinnatifid; fruftifying 
fcape diftich. The fronds grow' in a ring, forming a hol¬ 
low dilk, as in Afpleniutn nidus and Scrophularia nodofa, 
and thus affording an afylum to fome of the amphibia, 
and a neft to birds ; whence the name. It is a native of 
the north of Europe; and was cultivated in 1760 by 
Peter Collinfon, efq. It is reprefented on Plate II. 
20. Ofmunda lineata : fronds pinnate, lanceolate ; ob- 
liqnely-cordate at the bafe. entire at the edge; the fruc¬ 
tifying pinnas crenulate, fcaly in the middle. 21. Of- 
munda poiypodioides: fronds lanceolate, pinnatifid ; feg- 
ments confluent, entire, afcending, with raifed dots at 
the edge; Rape lanceolate; pinnas remote. Natives of 
Jamaica. 
22. Ofmunda fpicant, or rough fpleenwort: fronds lan¬ 
ceolate, pinnatifid ; fegments confluent, quite entire, pa¬ 
rallel. Several barren leaves proceed from one fibrous 
root, difpofed in a ring, half upright or reclining, from 
a fpan to a foot in length, refembling thole of common 
polypody ; the pinnas clofe, alternate, lanceolate, oblong, 
only about two lines broad,quite entire, curved upwards; 
the middle ones largeft, an inch or an inch and a half in 
length; the upper and lower ones ihorter, ribbed, the 
edge cartilaginous, very (lightly notched, and bent back¬ 
wards. 
Dr. Withering, who in his fecond edition had made 
this fern an Acroftichum, in his third introduces it as a 
Blechnum, in compliance with the opinion of Dr. Smith 
and Mr. Robfon, though, from the narrownefs of the leaf¬ 
lets, it is not eafy to determine whether the rows of cap¬ 
fules may more properly be confidered as contiguous and 
O S N 
parallel to the midrib, which is the character of that genus, 
or as difpofed along the edge of the leaf,- which would 
refer it to the Pteris. It appears, however, from Hed- 
vvig’s microfcopical diffedHons, that the antherse are found 
upon the midrib ; and that circumffance feems fufficient 
to determine that the rows of capfules more properly be¬ 
long to that than to the edge of the leaf, notwithftanding 
Hedwig himfelf has determined it to belong to the genus 
Acroftichum. Wherever botanifts may at length agree to 
fix this fern, it is clear that it cannot he an Ofmunda. It 
is a native of feveral parts of Europe, in w aods and on 
moift heaths, producing its frudlifications from July to 
September. It is not uncommon in Great Britain. 
23. Ofmunda crifpa, curled ofmunda, or. ftone-fern : 
leaf-ftalks from two to feven inches long, waved, green ; 
leaf from an inch and a half to-three inches long. Cap¬ 
fules furrounded with an elaftic ring; and therefore this 
fern is not an Ofmunda. Native of feveral parts of Eu¬ 
rope, as Swifterland, Denmark, the fouth of France, Italy, 
and Grea,t Britain. With us, in the county of Rutland; 
Cader Idris in Wales; Shap, near Kendal, &c. in the 
northern counties, on rocks, heaths, and old walls, com¬ 
mon ; on rocks and ftones upon the highland mountains 
of Scotland. The frudiifications are ripe in September. 
24. Ofmunda Japonica: frond bipinnate; pinnas cor¬ 
date-lanceolate, ferrate. Stipe of the frond round, yellow, 
frnooth. Frond bipinnate, with an odd leaflet. It differs 
from O. regalis, which it refembles very much, in having 
the fertile fronds diftinft. Native of Japan ; flowering in 
April and May. 
25. Ofmunda lancea : frond bipinnate ; pinnas lanceo¬ 
late, ferrate. This alfo has the fertile fronds diftinft, with 
the flowering fpikes fiiper-decompound, ternate. Native 
of Japan ; flowering in April and May. 
26. Ofmunda difcolor: fronds pinnate ; pinnas oblong, 
fharpiih, entire, feffile, alternate, approximating. 27. Of- 
munda procera : fronds pinnate; pinnas remote, ovate- 
oblong, acuminate, ferrate, feflile. Natives of New Zea¬ 
land. 
Propagation and Culture. Ofmund-royal, and the other 
European forts, except moon-wort, will grow in a moifl 
fliady fituation in gardens; hut will not thrive very well 
without bog-earth. Moon-wort muff; have a dry fituation. 
See Acrostichum, Blechnum, Botrychium, Ono- 
clea, and Pteris. 
OS'NABRUCK TOWN'SHIP, the fourth town (hip in 
the county of Stormont, in Upper Canada, in afcending 
the river St. Lawrence. In front of this townfhip is the 
rapid called the Long Sault. 
OS'NABURG, or Osnabruck (Bifliopric of), a prin¬ 
cipality of Germany, bounded on the north and weft by 
the bifliopric of Munfter, on the eaft by the counties of 
Ravenfberg and Diepholz, and principality of Minden, 
and on the fouth by the county of Ravenfberg; about 
forty miles long, and from fixteen to twenty-four wide. 
Almoft half of this bifliopric confifts of heath-lands, 
which yield feveral forts of turf and pafturage. The heft 
fpot in it lies about Quackenbruck, and is called Artland. 
This country produces as much rye as fupplies the necef- 
fities of the inhabitants, and five hundred Hills; but confi- 
derable quantities of wheat, oats, and barley, are imported 
from the principality of Minden, and the county of 
Schauenburg. The breeding of cattle is but fmall : out 
of Eaft Friefland, during harveft-time in particular, large 
numbers of cattle are brought hither. In this country, 
too, is little wood ; but, befides turf, it produces coal. 
Bifliop Erneft Auguftus II. eftablilhed a falt-work at 
Diffen. Marble is alfo found herein plenty ; and bifliop 
Erneft opened a filver-mine, but this was afterwards aban¬ 
doned. In the whole country are four principal towns, 
and three fmaller, and about 20,000 fire-places or hearths ; 
and in each of thefe two families frequently refide. The 
inhabitants are diligent and induftrious. Of the peafants, 
about the number of 6000 go yearly to Flolland, where 
they mow, till, cut turf, and do other work, for hire. The 
religion 
