O S T 
long. The (tern between the leaves has frequently vil- 
lofe hairs on it, like thofe on the bag of the filk-worm. 
It was cultivated by Mr. Miller in 1759. 
14.. Ofteofpermum calendulaceum : leaves lanceolate, 
fetTiie, toothed, rugged ; ftem flelhy, lax. This refembles 
Calendula arvenfis very much, and thence has its name ; 
but it differs in the feeds not being winged, but cylindri¬ 
cal, bony, and fmooth. 
15. Ofteofpermum arClotoides : leaves lyrate, petioled ; 
petioles eared at the bafe, half-embracing, tomentofe. 
In the furface, the figure of the herb, and leaves, and 
almoll in the flower, this fpecies refembles an ArClotis, 
but in the fmoothnefs of its feeds an Ofteofpermum. Linn. 
Snppt. 
16. Ofteofpermum rigidum, or rigid ofteofpermum : 
leaves toothed-pinnatifid, hairy ; branches unarmed. In¬ 
troduced by Mr. Francis Mafi'on in 174-4.. It flowers from 
April to July. 
17. Ofteofpermum cseruleum, or blue-flowered ofteo- 
fpermum : leaves pinnate; pinnas toothed. This is an 
underflirub, three feet high, with a ftrong fmell. Root 
woody, branching, fibrous. Stem fomewhat woody, ereCt, 
round, regularly branched, grey. Leaves alternate, 
fpreading; they are without veins, and have only one 
nerve prominent beneath ; they are of the fame colour on 
both fides, and fragrant; from an inch and a half to two 
inches in length, and fifteen lines in breadth. Flowers 
blue, an inch wide. Seeds obovate, fomewhat angular 
and rugged, not at all bony. L'Heriticr. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants, being too ten¬ 
der to live in the open air in England, are placed in the 
green-houfe in OCtober, and may be treated in the fame 
manner as myrtles, and other hardy green-houfe plants, 
which require a large (hare of air in mild weather; and,in 
the beginning of May, the plants maybe removed into 
the open air, and placed in a flieltered fituation during 
the fummer-feafon. The firft and fecond forts mufthave 
plenty of water, being very thirfty plants. They are 
propagated by cuttings, which may be planted in the 
lummer-months upon a bed of light earth, and Ihould 
be watered and (haded until they have taken root, which 
they will in five or fix weeks, when they muft be taken 
up and planted in pots ; for, if they are fuffered to ftand 
long, they will make ftrong vigorous (hoots, and will be 
difficult to tranfplant afterwards, efpecially the fecond 
and third forts. During fummer the pots ihould be fre¬ 
quently removed, to prevent the plants from rooting 
through the holes at the bottom of the pots into the 
ground, which they are very apt to do when they conti¬ 
nue long undifturbed, and then they (hoot very luxuri¬ 
antly ; and, on their being removed, thefe (hoots, and 
fometirr.es the whole plants, will decay. See Polymnia. 
OS'TER, a river of Ruifla, which runs into the Defna 
near Kozeltz, in the government of Kiev. 
OS'TER, a town of Ruffia, in the government of Kiev, 
at the union of the rivers Ofterand Defna : twenty-four 
miles north of Kiev. Lat. 50. 58. N. Ion. 31. 14. E. 
OS'TER CAP'PELN, a town of Weftphalia, in the 
bifliopricof Ofnaburg : ten mileseaft-north-eaftof Vorden. 
OS'TER O'EN, an ifland near the coaft of Norway: 
twenty miles north-weft of Bergen. 
OS'TERBURG, a town of Weftphalia, in the Old 
Mark : thirty-fix miles north-weft of Brandenburg, and 
fixty weft-north-weft; of Berlin. Lat. 52. 48. N. Ion. 
11. 56. E. 
OS'TERBY, a town of Sweden, in the province of 
Upland. This place is remarkable for its furnaces; and 
near it is the iron-mine of Dannemora, one of the largeft 
and richeftin Sweden. It was firft opened in 1527 ; and 
the ore yields from 70 to 90 per cent, to the amount of 
18,000 tons annually : twenty-four miles north of Upfal. 
OS'TERFELD, a town of Saxony, in the bifliopric of 
Naumberg : eight miles weft of Zeitz, and feven fouth- 
ealt of Naumburg. Lat. 51. 5. N. Ion. n, 53. E. 
Vol. XVIII. No. 1220. 
O S T 21 
OS'TERHOFEN, a town of Bavaria, on the Danube : 
nine miles north-weft of Vilzhofen, and twenty north- 
weft of Paffau. 
OS'TERHOLZ, a town of the duchy of Bremen. The 
principal trade of the inhabitants is digging peat or turf, 
of which they fell to the amount of 18,000 rix-dollars 
yearly to the inhabitants of Bremen : feven miles eaft of 
Bremen. 
OS'TERLOF, a town of Sweden, in the province of 
Schonen : eight miles north of Chriftianftadt. 
OS'TERMARK, a town of Sweden, in Eaft Bothnia : 
eighteen miles north-eaft of Chriftianftadt. 
OS'TERO, a fmall ifland on the eaft fide of the gulf of 
Bothnia. Lat. 63.23. N. Ion. 21. 39. E. 
OS'TEROD, a town of Norway: twenty-eight miles 
north-north-weft of Drontheim. 
OSTERO'DE, a town of Weftphalia, in the principa¬ 
lity of Grubenhagen, on the Saal. It contains about 800 
houfes, and a magazine for corn, which is delivered out 
to the miners of Harz Foreft always at a fixed price. Here 
is a manufacture of woollen (luffs. It is (ixteen miles 
fouth-weft of Goflar, and eighteen eaft-fouth-eaft of Ein- 
beck. Lat. 51.44. N. Ion. 10. 16. E. 
OSTERO'E, one of the Feroer-iflands, eaft of Stromoe, 
from which it is feparated by a narrow channel. Lat. 61. 
50. N. 
OSTERRO'DE, a town of Pruffia, in the province of 
Oberland, on the river Dribentz, defended by a caftle : 
fixty-five miles fouth-eaft of Dantzic, and feventy fouth- 
fouth-weft of Koniglberg. Lat. 53. 36. N. Ion. 19. 52. E. 
OS'TERSUND, a town of Sweden, and capital of Jamt- 
land, on the eaft fide of the lake Storfio : ninety-five miles 
weft-north-well of Hernofand, and eighty fix north-weft 
of Sundfwall. Lat. 63. 10. N. Ion. 14. 27. E. 
OSTERSUN'DOM, a town of Sweden, in the province 
of Nyland : nine miles north-eaft of Helfingfors. 
OS'TERTZ, a town of Croatia: fourteen miles fouth- 
weft of Varafdin. 
OS'TERVALD (John-Frederic), a celebrated Swifs 
proteftant divine, was defcended from an ancient and no¬ 
ble family, and born at Neufchatel in the year 1663. He 
commenced his academical (ladies at Sautnur, where his 
proficiency was fo rapid, that he was admitted to the de¬ 
gree of M.A. before he was (ixteen years of age. After¬ 
wards he purfucd his (Indies at Orleans and Paris, and 
was admitted to the office of the miniftry. We have no 
account of his fettlement with any church in the capacity 
of pallor before the year 1699, when he entered into that 
relation with the church at his native place. He con¬ 
tracted an intimate friendfnip with the celebrated John 
Alphonfus Turretin of Geneva, and the learned Samuel 
Werenfels of Bafil; and the union of thefe three theolo¬ 
gians, which was called the triumvirate of Swifs divines, 
laded till their deaths. M. Oftervald died in 1747, about 
the age of eighty-four. He was the author of feveral ufe- 
ful works, written in the French language, of which the 
principal are, 1. A TreatiCe concerning the Caufes of the 
prefent Corruption of Chriftians, and their Remedies, 8vo. 
2. A Catechifm, explaining the Grounds and Principles 
of the Chriltian Religion, 8vo. prefixed to which is An 
Abridgment of the Sacred Hillory, which was adopted by 
the Society at London for the Propagation of the Gofpel 
in Foreign Parts, and tranflated into Arabic, in order to 
be fent to the Eaft Indies; and the author alfo had the 
compliment paid him of being admitted an honorary 
member of the fociety. 3. A Difcourfe againft the Sin of 
Uncleannefs, 8vo. 4. A Collection of Sermons. 5. 
Ethica Chriftiana. 6. Theologias Compendium. 7. A 
Treatife on the Sacred Miniftry, 8vo. The three pieces 
lad mentioned were collected from his public difcourfes 
and leClures, and printed without his knowledge ; but 
met, neverthelefs, like all his other performances, with a 
very favourable reception from the public. The three 
firft pieces on the above lift were tranflated into the Eng- 
G lift. 
