60 O T H 
OTH'ERWHERE, adv. In other places.—As Jews, 
they had accefs to the temple and fynagogues; but, as 
Chriftians, they were of necelfity forced otherwhere to af- 
femble themfelves. Hoolter. 
His godlike a£ls, and his temptations fierce, 
And former fufterings, otherwhere are found. Milton. 
OTH'ERWHILE, or Otherwhiles, adv. At other 
times.—Sometimes he was taken forth to be fet in the 
pillory, oiherwhile in the (locks. Sir G. Buck's Hift. of 
Rich. III.—Some adverfities (hall follow; and otherwhiles, 
now one difcommodity, now another, (hall appear. Ho¬ 
mily on Matrimony. 
OTH'ERWISE, adv. In a different manner.—The evi¬ 
dences for fuch things are not fo infallible, but that there 
is a poflibility that the things may be otherwife. Wilkins. 
Thy father was a worthy prince. 
And merited, alas ! a better fate : 
But heaven thought otherwife. Addifon's Cato. 
By other caufes.—Sir John Norris failed in the attempts 
of Lilborn, and returned with the lofs, by ficknefs and 
otherwife, of eight thoiifand men. Raleigh. —In other re- 
fpe£ts.—It is faid truly, that the beft men otherwife, are 
not always the beft in regard of fociety. Hooker. —Men 
feldom confider God any otherwife than in relation to 
themfelves, and therefore want fome extraordinary bene¬ 
fits to excite theirattention and engage theirlove. Rogers. 
OTH'ER WISED, adj. Fallen out in a manner different 
from what was expected. Chaucer. 
OTH'MAN, the third caliph of the Saracens. See the 
article Arabia, vol. ii. p. ti, 12. 
OTH'MAN, or Os'man, from whom the Turkifh em¬ 
pire took the name of the Ottoman Porte. See the arti¬ 
cle Turkey. 
OTH'NI, (^Heb. my time.] A man’s name. 
OTH'NIEL, [Heb. the time of God.] The fon of Ke- 
naz, of the tribe of Judah, and firft judge of Ifrael. By 
taking of Debir from the Canaanitifh giants, he gained 
Achfah, the daughter of Caleb his uncle, to wife. Jo/h.xv. 
16-19. When Cuftian-rifhathaim had oppreffed Ifrael 
eight years, God ftirred up Othniel to levy an army againft 
him. With thefe he routed the Mefopotamian troops, 
and delivered Ifrael; after which the Hebrews’ land en¬ 
joyed reft forty years, or till the fortieth year of their fet- 
tlement. Jadg. iii. 8-11. 
O'THO, Emperor of Rome. See that article. 
O'THO, the name of four emperors of Germany. 
See that article, vol. viii. 
O'THO of FRISIN'GEN, a chronicler of the twelfth 
century, was the fon of Leopold marquis of Auftria, and 
Agnes daughter of the emperor Henry IV. Being edu¬ 
cated for the ecclefiaftical profeffion, he was appointed by 
his father provoft of the college which he had founded at 
Newenburg in Auftria. He afterwards fpent fome years 
in his ftudies at Paris, and then became abbot of a mo- 
naftery of Ciftertians at Morimond in Burgundy. In 
1138, his uterine brother, the emperor Conrad III. 
created him biftiop of Frilingen in Bavaria. He accom¬ 
panied that prince in his expedition to the Holy Land, 
and was frequently confulted by him in his affairs, as he 
was alfo by Frederic JBarbarofla, who was his nephew. 
Otho died at Morimond in 1158. This biftiop is faid to 
have been the firft, or among the firft, of the German pre¬ 
lates who were verfed in literature, and acquainted with 
the Ariftotelian philofophy. It is, however, as an hiftorian 
that his memory has been preferved. He compofed, in 
feven books, a Chronicle from the creation to his own 
times; with one added, relating to Antichrift and the end 
of the world; and, in two books, a Narrative of the Ac¬ 
tions of Frederic Barbarofla. They are written in Latin, 
and are judged to be faithful as far as his own knowledge 
extended, notwithftanding his near relationfhip to Fre¬ 
deric, and his concern in the tranfaftions of the time. 
Thefe writings were firft made public by John Cufpinian; 
O T H 
and the Chronicle was afterwards publifhed with the ad¬ 
dition of more than fifty chapters, by Chrift. Urftitius of 
Bafil, in his Hiftor. German. Illuftr. It is alfo contained 
in thecolleftions of Piftorius and Muratori. Vofjii Hift. Lot. 
O'THON, the firft of the three principal divinities wor- 
fhipped by the native Americans. 
OTHON'NA,/ [Gr. from oflov*), a linen cloth ornapkin, 
on account of the pubefcence, like lint, on fome of the 
fpecies.] African Ragwort ; in botany, a genus of the 
clafs fyngenefia, order polygamia neceflaria, natural order 
of compofitae difcoideae, (corymbiferae, Juff.) Generic 
characters—Calyx: common, quite fimple, one-leafed, 
blunt at the bafe, fharp at the end, equal, divided into 
eight or twelve fegments. Corolla: compound rayed; 
corollets hermaphrodite, many in the dilk. Females in 
the ray, the fame number with the fegments of the calyx, 
often eight, fometimes ten. Proper of the hermaphrodite 
tubular, five-toothed, fcarcely longer than the calyx ; of 
the female ligulate, lanceolate, longer than the calyx, 
three-toothed, reflex. Stamina : in the hermaphrodites, 
filaments five, capillary, very fliort; anther cylindric, 
tubular, the length of the corollet. Piftillum; in the 
hermaphrodites, gerrnen oblong; ftyle filiform, com¬ 
monly longer than the ftamens ; lligma bifid, fimple. In 
the females, gerrnen oblong; ftyle filiform, the fame 
length as in the others ; ftigma reflex, larger. Pericar- 
pium : none; calyx unchanged, permanent. Seeds: in 
the hermaphrodites none; in the females folitary, oblong, 
naked, or downy. Receptacle : naked, dotted ; fome- 
what villofe in the middle, excavated about the edge. I11 
fome fpecies the feeds are crowned with a down ; in fome 
the calyx is divided beyond the middle, in others only 
toothed; but the figure is the fame in all.— EJfential Cha¬ 
racter. Calyx one-leafed, multifid, fubcylindrical; down 
almoft none ; receptacle naked. There are twenty-feven 
fpecies. 
1. Othonna cacalioides, tuberous othonna, or African 
ragwort: tuber-denudated, finger-lobed, plant-bearing; 
fcapes one-flowered; leaves obovate-toothletted. This is 
very diftinCl, by its fmooth flefliy ftalk like the Cacalias, 
and the flower of Othonna. The fears of the leaves are 
round and tomentofe. Introduced in 177+ by Mr. Francis 
Maflon. It flowers from May to November. 
a. Othonna bulbofa, or bulbous African ragwort: leaves 
oblong, naked, petioled ; Hem herbaceous, peduncles one- 
flowered, very long. This has a thick fhrubby ftalk, di¬ 
viding into feveral branches which rife five or fix feet 
high; the leaves come out in clufters from one point, 
fpreadoneveryfi.de; they are fmooth, narrow at their 
bafe, enlarging gradually to their points, which are 
rounded; their edges are acutely indented, like thofe of 
the holly. From the centre of the leaves arife the foot- 
ftalks of the flowers, which are five or fix inches long, 
branching out into feveral fmaller, each fuftaining one 
yellow radiated flower, fliaped like the former; thefe are 
fucceeded by (lender feeds crowned with down. Flowers 
in May and June. 
It is one of the mod variable plants we have; being, 
a. Herbaceous, 1. With ovate quite entire leaves. 2. 
With the root-leaves pinnate, quite entire. 3. With the 
leaves linear, very narrow. 4. With the leaves lanceo¬ 
late, quite entire. 5. With the leaves lanceolate, quite 
entire. 5. With the leaves lanceolate, toothed. 6. With 
the leaves lanceolate-fubelliptic. 7. With the leaves fub- 
lanceolate, three-toothed. Or,/ 3 . Shrubby ; 8. With the 
leaves of the top lanceolate, fubfeflile. 9. With the leaves 
alternate, lanceolate, toothed. 
3. Othonna denticulata, or dentated African ragwort: 
leaves oblong, toothletted, fmooth, attenuated at the 
bafe, embracing; flowers panicled. Introduced in 1774 
by Maflon. It flowers from April to July. 
4. Othonna tagetes : leaves linear, pinnate, fomewhat 
toothed. Root annual. Stem filiform. Calyx pitcher- 
lhaped, with about fourteen teeth at the edge; ray many- 
flowered. 
5. Othonna 
