O U G 
88 
ufe of his noble pupil he drew up “ Arithmetic* in Nu- 
inero et Speciebus Inftitutio : quae turn Logiflicse, turn 
Analytic*, atque adeo totius Mathematic*, quafi Clavis 
eft,” which he publifhed in 1631, 8vo. This work was 
intended by the author to ferve as a general key to the 
mathematics; and was found to contain fo many excellent 
theorems, feveral of which were entirely new, both in 
algebra and geometry, that it met with a favourable re¬ 
ception from the firft mathematicians of the age, both 
.at home and abroad ; and the general plan of it has been 
fince followed by the belt authors upon the fubject. An 
Englifh verfion of it was publifned in 1647, 8vo. under 
the title of “ The Key of the Mathematics new forged 
and filed ; together with a Treatife of the Refolution of 
sffefted Equations in Numbers ; with the Rule of Com¬ 
pound UTury ; and a Demonftration of the Rule of Falfe 
Pofition ; and a molt eafy Art of delineating all Manner 
of plain Sun Dials, geometrically taught.” In the fol¬ 
lowing year, it was reprinted in Latin, with the addi¬ 
tional trafts in the Englifh verfion, under the title of 
“ Gulielmi Oughtredi FEtonenfis, quondam Collegii Re- 
galis in Cantabrigia, Socii, Clavis Mathematics denuo 
lirriata five potius fabricata,” &c. 8vo. A third edition 
of it in Latin was publifhed in 1652, with Hill further 
additions, coniillingof a treatife on the ufe of logarithms ; 
a declaration of the tenth book of Euclid’s Elements ; 
a treatife of regular folids; and the theorems contained 
in the books of Archimides. This work of our author 
had now’ become a ftandard-book with tutors in the in- 
ftruclion of mathematical pupils at the univerfities, efpe- 
cially at Cambridge ; and fome parts of it were made the 
fume <51 s of the geometrical ledlures at Grefham-coilege 
in London. In the year 1636, Mr. Oughtred publifhed 
a treatife, entitled “ Defcription and Ufe of the double 
Horizontal Dial,” 8vo. The pieces which he publifhed 
at fubfequent dates, have already been introduced to our 
readers in the preceding narrative. 
Notwithflanding all his mathematical merit, he was in 
danger, about the year 1646, of a fequeftration by the 
committeefor plundered miniflers, feveral articles having 
been depofed and fworn again!! him, material enough, as 
it is faid, to have feq'ueftered him. But, upon his day of 
hearing, William Lilly, the famous allrologer, applied 
to fir Bulftrode Whitlocke, and all his old friends, who 
appeared in fuch numbers on his behalf, that, though 
the chairman and many other members were aftive againft 
him, he was acquitted by the majority. “ The truth is,” 
fays Lilly, in the Hiftory of his own Life and Timds, 
where he flyles Mr. Oughtred the mod famous mathema¬ 
tician then in Europe, “ he had a confiderable parfonage ; 
and that alone was enough to fequefler any moderate 
judgement: befides, he was alfo well known to affedt his 
majefly.” In thefe times, when, as David Lloyd ob- 
ferves in his Memoirs, “ he was little ohferved in Eng¬ 
land, lie w’as much requefled to have lived in Italy, 
France, and Holland.” The fame writer gives us this 
char,idler of him : that he w as “ as facetious in Greek and 
Latin, as folid in arithmetic, aftronomy, andthefpbere 
of all meafures, mufic, &c. exadt in his flyle as in his 
judgment ; handling his cube and other inflruments at 
eighty as ftpadily as others did at thirty ; owing this, he 
faid, to temperance and archery ; principling his people 
with plain and folid truths, as he did the world with 
greatand ufeful arts ; advancing • new inventions ?!-,1 all things 
but religion, winch, in its old order and decency, he main¬ 
tained Jacure in his privacy, prudence, meeknefs, Jimplicity, 
refutation, patience, and contentment.'’’ He died in 1660, 
at the great age of eighty-fix ; and his death is faid to 
have been occafioned by a fudden ecflacy of joy, upon 
hearing of the vote which puffed at Wefiminller for the 
refloration of Charles II. 
Oughtred had a fon, whom he put apprentice to a 
watchmaker; and he wrote for his ufe a book of inftruc- 
tions in that art. He left behind him a great number of 
man uferi pis upon mathematical fubjefts; and moll of 
O V I 
his Greek and Latin books contained notes in his own 
hand-writing, with an abridgment of almoft every pro- 
pofition and demonftration in the margin. Thefe books 
and manuferipts came into the poflefiion of Mr. William 
Jones, the father of the late excellent fir William Jones ; 
and afterwards into the hands of his friend fir Charles 
Scarborough, the phyfician, who carefully felefted fuch 
of the manuferipts as were found fit for the prefs, and 
printed them at Oxford in 1676, under the title of “ Opuf- 
cula Mathematica hadlenus inedita,” 8vo. In the year 
1660, fir Jonas Moore annexed to his Arithmetic, then 
printed in 8vo. a treatife, entitled “ Conical Sedlions, 
or, the feveral Sedlions of a Cone; being an Analyfis or 
methodical Contraction of the two firft Books of My- 
dorgius, and whereby the nature of the Parabola, Hy¬ 
perbola, and Ellipfis, is very plainly laid down. Tranf- 
lated from the Papers of the learned William Oughtred.” 
We cannot conclude this article without obferving, that, 
though our author was undoubtedly a very great mathe¬ 
matician, yet he was far from having the happieft me¬ 
thod of treating the feveral fubje&s on which he wrote. 
His ftyle and manner were very concife, obfeure, and 
dry; and his rules and precepts fo involved in fymbols 
and abbreviations, that his mathematical writingswere 
rendered very troublefome to the reader, and very diffi¬ 
cult to be underftood. Gen. Biog. Martin's Biog. Phil. 
Hutton's Math. DiSl. 
OU'GLY. See Hoogly. 
OU'GLY, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of Sa- 
nore : fourteen miles north-eaftof Konapour, and feven- 
ty-five weft of Sanore. 
OUGUE'LA, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Alentejo: four miles north-north-eaft of Campo Mayor, 
and fix fouth of Albuquerque in Spain. Lat. 38.54.N. 
Ion. 6. 43. W. 
OUGUE'LA, a town of Africa, in the country of 
Tripoli. 
OV'ID, a town ofNew York : 160 miles north-weft of 
New York. 
OV'ID, or Publius Ovidius Naso, one of the mod 
celebrated of the Roman poets, was born in the confuL 
ate of Hirtius and Paufa, B.C.-43, at Sulmo, in the ter¬ 
ritory of the Peligni, the prefent Abruzzo. He was of 
an ancient equeftrian family; and was fent in his youth 
to Rome, together with a brother, a year older, to be edu¬ 
cated in liberal ftudies under the beft mailers. A propen- 
fity to poetry, was his earlieft and ruling paftion ; and it 
was not without difficulty that his father could prevail 
upon him to relinquiffi the unproductive culture of the 
mufes for the thriving purfuits of the law. He appears, 
however, to have made a good progrefs in forenfic elo¬ 
quence and judicial knowledge; for he mentions having 
pleaded caufes fuccefsfully in the centumviral court, and 
having as a judge decided, private affairs, and fat as one 
of the triumvirs to whom criminal jurifdiCtion was com¬ 
mitted. His brother died at the age of twenty; and 
Ovid, probably no longer obliged to follow the lav/ as a 
gainful profefiion, defected the courts, and gave himfelf 
up to pleafureand poetry. His talents and amiable qua¬ 
lities introduced him to the politeil fociety in Rome; and 
he has recorded his intimacy with feveral of the brigbteft 
ornaments of the court of Auguitus. He was thrice 
married : the. firft time, when fcarcely arrived at years of 
maturity, to one whom he reprefents as an unfuitable 
partner; the fecond, to a blamelefs fpoufe, but not capa¬ 
ble of infpiringa lading attachment ; and from thefe two 
he feems to have been divorced, according to the loofe 
practice of that age. His third wife, Perilia, of whom 
he fpeaks with great affection, and by whom he had a 
daughter, adhered to him in all fortunes, and probably 
furvived him. From the licentioufnefs of fome of his 
poems, and the acquaintance he difplays with the arts 
of intrigue, there can be little doubt that he alfo in¬ 
dulged in tranfitory amours. He feems to have lived in 
eafe and affluence, poffeffing a houfe in Rome near the 
capitol,, 
