122 
OUVERTURE. 
made againft them. A regular fyftem of defence has been 
eftabliflied by fortifying the brows of the hills and the 
defiles of the interior; the means of fubfifting the troops 
have been provided for by carrying on cultivation in the 
vicinity of their ftrong-holds and places of arms ; and the 
fort and citadel of Henry at Sans Souci are laid to yield 
to none of the fortreffes of Europe in (Length. In this 
fortrefs are from three to four hundred brafs cannon re- 
gularty mounted; and it is feen from the lea towering 
like another Windf'or Caftle. France, it is to be hoped, 
will recoiled! the fate of I.eclerc’s army before fhe em¬ 
barks in another expedition hoftile to St. Domingo. “ Of 
the 35,131 men,” fays Lacroix, “ carried out, more than 
25,000 had fallen before Leclerc into the grave. At his 
death, 2200 only were fit to bear arms; about 7500 fick 
crowded the hofpitals. Thefe wrecks, (he continues,) 
and 20,000 other vidtims landed on St. Domingo in the 
laft thirteen months of our agonizing dominion, as well 
as the unfortunate creole population, perifhed after the 
death of Leclerc, in proportions (till more deplorable than 
thole which are presented in the following mournful ta¬ 
ble.” This table gives a total of thofe who were de- 
ftroyed by a violent death during the command of general 
Leclerc, amounting to 62,481 ! 
Under every point of view, an-/ frefti attempt of the 
French government to difturb the ifland would deferve 
the reprobation of mankind. The progrefs made by the 
inhabitants in agriculture, and all the arts, is quite ex¬ 
traordinary; but more particularly in education and ge¬ 
neral literature. Parochial fchools have been eftabliflied 
on the Madras fyftem in every part of Henry’s domi¬ 
nions, and primary fchools at all the principal towns, un¬ 
der the direction of Englifh inftruiftors ; in thefe the 
Englilh language is taught, and is now read and written 
by the children of all the fundfionaries of the government. 
A royal college has alfo been eftabliflied, and annual 
prizes given to the moft diftinguifhed Undents. Henry 
has alfo endowed an academy for muficand painting, and 
built a regular theatre. All thefe are eredfed at Sans 
Souci, the royal refidence, which, we underhand, for 
elegance and chaftenefs of deiign, is not inferior to many 
of the palaces of Europe. Here too he has eftablifhed 
various manufactories, and among others that of car¬ 
riages. Three gaudy ones purchafed for him in this 
country gave him great offence; and he afked if the Eng¬ 
lifh confidered him as a king of Congo ? The Catholic 
religion is declared to be that of the ftate : the hierarchy 
confifts of an archbifhop, three bifhops, and a re&or in 
each parifti. At Sans Souci there is a royal and parochial 
church. It was ereCted by Henry, and is mentioned in 
the Royal Almanac as “ a monument of his royal mu¬ 
nificence and piety.” The archbifhop, whom the pope 
has hitherto refufed to confecrate, has a chapter, a femi- 
nary, and a college, attached to the metropolitan fee, all 
■well endowed. Fie has alfo three archiepifcopal palaces 
afligned to him ; and the bifhops have each a chapter and 
a feminary, endowed with confiderable revenues. 
Schools are alfo eftablifhed in the republic, over which 
are placed four or five Frenchmen, as profellors of lan¬ 
guages, mathematics, &c. At Port-au-Prince there is 
alfo a college of phyficians, and feveral French medical 
men are employed to fuperintend it. The church-efta- 
blifhment, like all the reft in the republic, wears a more 
Iiumble character, being confined to an apoftolical prefefil, 
with curates under him; but, as webefore obferved, the 
duties of religion and morality fit looker on the republi¬ 
cans than the royalifts. 
Such is the prefent ftate of the northern part of Hayti. 
It prefents, in truth, an impofing and an awful fpedlacle ; 
and very firm muft be the nerves of that politician who 
can contemplate it ftccis oculis, whether for good or for 
evil. We do not wilh to defpond ; and it is yet, we fear, 
too early to triumph; but we cannot conceal from our- 
felves how much depends upon the perfonal charafter of 
the future rulers of this emancipated race. A third, wor¬ 
thy of Touffaint l’Ouverture and Henry I. the Numa and 
the Ancus of Hayti, may not arife in immediate fuccef- 
fion; and we have yet to learn, whether habits of obedi¬ 
ence, and a love of-order and difcipline, will fucceed to 
the influence of individual charafter, and perpetuate the 
addon of that admirable fyftem of polity which thefe two 
wonderful men have conftrufted and let in motion. Spain 
yet retains the larger, and we believe the more fertile, 
part of this noble ifland ; but (lie retains it as an unpro¬ 
ductive defert. We know not with what compofure (he 
contemplates the ftate of things beyond the immenfe llanos 
that feparate her from a free and active population; but 
it becomes ourfelves not to forget that the Blue Moun¬ 
tains of Jamaica are vifible from St. Domingo. We would 
not, and indeed cannot, anticipate what is yet in the 
womb of time; but in the lap of peace and fecurity it 
may not perhaps be unwife to meditate on an event which 
fooner or later muft furely come to pafs—we fpeak of the 
general emancipation of the negro race. With timely 
precautions, fuch a circumftance would not, in our hum¬ 
ble opinion, be very deeply to be deprecated ; and one of 
the moft effectual of thofe precautions would be the ex- 
ten fion of the prefent humane and judicious plan of giving 
the (laves fome kind of education, and embuing their' 
minds with the principles of our holy religion. They 
would then be in a favourable ftate of preparation for the 
adoption of that fyftem by the planters which has fo hap¬ 
pily fucceeded in the two governments of Hayti, and 
might cultivate the foil as free labourers, receiving from 
the proprietor one-fourth of the produce. However this 
may be, we cannot but rejoice in the good which has al¬ 
ready been wrought, and exprefs our ardent hopes that 
no attempts will be made to rivet afrefti the chains of this 
meritorious people, and that the independence which they 
have acquired, at the expenfe of fo many fufferings, will 
defcend unimpaired to their pofterity. 
The publications we alluded to in the former part of 
this article are—-1. Iiiftory of the Ifland of St. Domingo, 
from its firft Difcovery by Columbus to the prefent pe¬ 
riod; London, 1818. 2. Reflexions fur les Noirs et les 
Blancs, la Civilization de l’Afrique, le Royaume d’Hayti, 
&c. par le Baron de Vaftey, Secretaire du Roi au Cap 
Henry. 3. Aimanach Royal d’Hayti, 1818. 4. Memoires 
pour fervir a l’Hiftoire de la Revolution de Saint Do- 
mingue; par le Lieutenant-general Baron Pamphile de 
Lacroix; 2 tom. Paris, 1819. Quarterly Review, N° xlii. 
Apr. 1819. Monthly Mag. Nov. 1819. Gent. Mag. Jan. 
1820. And, (liould any thing worthy of notice occur 
hereafter in this infant ftate, as moft probably it will, we 
(hall refume the fubjeft under the article Saint Domingo. 
O'VUM, f. [Latin.] An egg; any thing refembling 
an egg. 
OUVRA'RD (Rene), a celebrated canon of Tours, was 
a native of Chinon, in the Touraine, and flourilhed after 
the middle of the feventeenth century. He was inti¬ 
mately converfant in the belles-lettres, poetry, the ma¬ 
thematics, divinity, controverfy, the art of mufic, and ec- 
clefialfical antiquities. For ten years he filled the poft of 
matter of mufic at the holy chapel at Paris, before his pro¬ 
motion to thecanonry of Tours. He died at that city in 
1694, refpefted for his piety, and beloved on account of 
the excellence and amiablenefs of his moral and focial 
charaSter. On his tomb the following verfes are infcribed, 
compofed by himfelf: 
Dum vixi, divina mihi Laus unica Cura: " 
Poll obitum fit Laus divina mihi unica Merces! 
He was the author of a variety of works, among which 
are the following : 1. A new and fecret Method of com- 
pofing in Mufic, 1660. 2.' Studiofis fanCtarum Scriptu- 
rarum Biblia Sacra in LeCliones ad Singulos Dies, per 
Legem, Prophetas, et Evangelium, diftributa, et 529 Car- 
minibus mnemonicis comprehenfa, 1668 ; the lame in 
French, 1669. 3. Motives for a Re-union with the Ca¬ 
tholic Church, addrefled to the pretended Reformed in. 
France, 
