P A T 
minated by a knotty belt, beneath radiate with red, with 
acute nodulous ribs; margin denticulate, repand. 
231. Patella contaminata : (hell convex, with nodu¬ 
lous unequal ribs, the larger ones yellowifli-brown, and 
marked with black dots difpofed in interrupted circles, 
within greenifh-white; the crown is cinereous. 
232. Patella atrata : (hell a little convex, narrow, white 
with-red lines, outwardly fpotted with black, with ele¬ 
vated, convex, unequal ltrias j the perforation is oblong, 
with a cliefnut margin. 
233. Patella candicans : (hell white, chefnut-coloured 
towards the margin, with twenty alternately larger ribs ; 
the crown is reddifli, with an oblong perforation. 
234. Patella fuccin&a : (hell ovate, pointed, white, 
above fmooth, with an elevated belt in the middle, dot¬ 
ted with ferruginous towards the margin, with elevated 
unequal fmooth ltrias; margin denticulate. 
235. Patella pufilla : (hell flattifh, white, fub-orbicular, 
with twenty alternately lefs and (horter elevated ftrias; 
the perforation is round, and furrounded on each fide 
with a reddilh circle. 
236. Patella flavefcens: (hell very thin, pointed, finely 
(Iriate, yellowilh, with fix brown rays; margin denticu¬ 
late ; crown cinereous, with an oblong perforation. 
237. Patella antiquata : (hell a little convex, obfoletely 
ftriate ; white with red.driate rays on the outfide. The 
perforation is oblong and unequal. 
238. Patella galeata: (hell folid, ovate, comprefled, 
within white ; crown a little recurved, obtufe, with a li¬ 
near perforation ; margin crenate. 
239. Patella perfonata : (hell convex, with decuffate 
lines and black rays. It inhabits the Falkland Iflands. 
PATELLA'RIA, /’. in botany. See Par,melia. 
PATELLA'RII, J'. Certain idols among the Romans, 
placed by Plautus in the lowed clafs, and called by Ho¬ 
race alfo “ the little gods.” 
PAT'EN, or Patin, f. [patina, Lat.] A plate. Not' 
in uje : 
The floor of heav’n 
Is thick inlaid with patens of bright gold ; 
There’s not the fmalled orb which thou behold’ft, 
But in his motion like an angel fings. Shakejpeare. 
The cover of the chalice ufed in churches to hold the 
confecrated bread, or any little plate or difh for the fame 
purpofe ; formerly pa tel alfo, from patella, Lat. a little 
difh.—Crofles, with your thombe on your forheade, an 
other upon your crowne, with the patcll of the chalice. 
Confut. of N. Shaxton, 1546.—They have the chalice with 
wine, and paten with hods, given unto them. Bp. Bedell. 
—Here the pried is to take the paten into his hand. 
Communion Service. 
PATENO'DE, a town of the ifland of Ceylon, near 
the ead coad: feventy-eight miles ead of Candy. Lat. 
7. N. Ion. 82. E. 
PAT'ENT, adj. [patens, Lat. open.] Open to the pe- 
rufal of all: as, letters patent. —In Ireland, where the 
king difpofes of bifhopricks merely by his letters patent, 
without any conge d’elire, which is dill kept up in Eng¬ 
land; though to no other purpofe than to (hew the an¬ 
cient right of the church to ele6t her own bilhops. Lejlie. 
—Something appropriated by letters patent.—Madder is 
efleemed a commodity that will turn to good profit; fo 
that, in king Charles the fird’s time, it was made a patent 
commodity. Mortimer’s Hujbandry. —-Apparent; confpi- 
cuous. This fenfe is perhaps of modern introduction.— 
In this country, the contrail [between the king and na¬ 
tion] is not tacit, implied, and vague: it is explicit, pa¬ 
tent, and precile : it is fummarily exprefled in the coro¬ 
nation-oath ; it is drawn out at length and in detail in the 
Great Charter and the corroborating datutes, in the Pe¬ 
tition of Right, in the Habeas Corpus ACt, in the Bill of 
Rights, and in the Act of Settlement. Bijhop Hoifey’s 
Serm. 30 Jan. 1793. 
VOL. XVIII. No. 1281. 
PAT 781 
PAT'ENT, f. A writ conferring fome exclufive right 
or privilege. See Letters Patent, vol. xii.—If you are 
fo fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend ; if it 
touch not you, it comes near nobody. Sbakefpcare. — We 
are cenfured as obdinate, in not complying with a royal 
patent. Swift. 
So will I grow', fo live, fo die, 
Ere I will yield my virgin patent up 
Unto his lordlhip. ShakeJ’peare's Midf. N. Dream. 
Under the article Letters Patent, vol. xii. p. 542, we 
have explained how fully and clearly the fpecification mud 
be made out, in order to fecure the effeCt of the patent. 
This fpecification is lodged at the Rolls-office in Chan¬ 
cery-lane; and is open to the infpeCtion of every body, 
without exception. Mr. Winfor, in a pamphlet which 
he wrote, in 1807, upon the fubjeCl of his invention or 
application of gas-lights, has fome good remarks upon 
the inconvenience of this indiferiminate publicity, w'hich 
we think merit ferious confideration. 
“Such publicity (fays he) is plaufibly, but too fuper- 
ficially, fuppofed neceflary : id, to prevent monopoly af¬ 
ter the patent is expired ; and fecondly, to prevent others 
from idly fpending their time and money in the fame 
purfuit, in order not to commit infringements unknown 
to themfelves. 
“This, I believe, is as much as can poffibly be faid in 
favour of indiferiminate publicity, by which the w’hole 
country is to become acquainted with, and of courfe to 
be benefited by, every fpecification. But I believe the 
following evils will outweigh the benefits it is intended 
to fpread over the country. 
“It is a pofitive fa£l, that feveral foreign agents are 
exprefsly and exclufively employed to attend in Chan¬ 
cery-lane, &c. to examine and copy every fpecification of 
any patent, together with all the drawings, if any. Such 
copies are almod immediately publifhed in the next 
monthly publications all over the continent; but chiefly 
at Leipfic, Hamburgh, Berlin, Frankfort, Paris, &c. It 
is by thefe means that the mod beneficial patent-inven¬ 
tions are known and imitated abroad, and often much 
foonerthan they can be promulgated in the Britifli realm, 
becaufe not only the labour, but alfo the materials, are 
much cheaper almod in every place on the continent of 
Europe, than in England. 
“Long before I thought it probable that ever I fliould 
become a patentee myfelf, I have often feen, with fur- 
prile and regret, the Englifh patent fpecifications, with 
drawings and explanations in German and French, in¬ 
ferred in the foreign journals. 
“ The laws againd the emigration of artificers, and the 
exportation of tools, is very fevere ; for they inflifl heavy 
penalties and imprifonment. Our manufacturers are very 
jealous and watchful in this refpefl, and they profecute 
with the utmod rigour every tranfgreflion of this kind. 
But it is the more to be wondered at, that there is no 
prohibition againd the exportation of patent fpecification. 
I am perfectly allured, they would not have made a 
fourth of the progrefs in Engliffi manufactures abroad, 
if it had not been for the indiferiminate and impolitic 
publication of thefe fpecifications. Patents are granted 
for many inventions abroad ; but the particulars are ne¬ 
ver ptibhjhed, except their enrolment in the archives of 
date ; and they can only be known, feen, or copied, by 
refpeftable inhabitants, after the terms of the patents are 
expired." Winfor’s Defence againd Nicholfon, p. 53. 
PATENTEE', J’. One who has a patent.—If his tenant 
and patentee difpole of his gift, without his kingly con- 
fent, the lands (hall revert to the king. Bacon. —In the 
patent granted to lord Dartmouth, the fecurities obliged 
the patentee to receive his money back upon every de¬ 
mand. .Swift. 
PATEQUEMA'DE, a town of the ifiand of Cuba : 
twenty miles ead of Villa del Principe. 
9 N PA'TER- 3 
