P A G 
196 
ceiving his general confeflion. Having done this, he re¬ 
turned to his convent, faying his Nunc dimiltis. His releafe 
was indeed at hand. Immediately on his arrival he was 
feized with a fever, and died on the^d of May, 1622. Mr. 
Southey adds, “ Paez died in time to be fpared the mor¬ 
tification of witneffing mifconduft and violence on the 
part of the Jefuits which he could not have prevented, 
and which ruined the cauie of Rome and of civilization 
in Abyflinia.” Gen. Biog. 
PA'GiE, in ancient geography, a town of the terri¬ 
tory of Megara, fituated towards the north, on a fmall 
gulf formed by an extenfion of the Gulf of Corinth, and 
called Mare Alcyonium. 
PAGAHM', once a magnificent city of the Birman 
empire, on the Irawaddy ; but now its remains are merely 
numerous mouldering temples, and the veftiges of an old 
brick fort, the ramparts of which are ftill to be traced. 
The town of Neoundah, about four miles to the north, 
which may be called a continuation of Pagahm, has flou- 
riflied in proportion as the latter has decayed. Pagahm 
is laid to have been the relidence of forty-five fucceflive 
monarchs, and was abandoned 500 years agb, in confe- 
quence, as it is faid, of a divine admonition ; but, what¬ 
ever may be its true hiftory, it was certainly once a place 
of no ordinary fplendour. The temple of Pagahm rifes 
upwards with a heavy breadth almoft to the top, and then 
terminates abruptly in a point, which gives to the build¬ 
ings a clumfy appearance. Many of the mofl ancient 
temples at this place are not folid at the bottom ; a well- 
arched dome fupports a ponderous fuperb ftru&ure; 
within, an image of Gaudma fits enfhrined. Four Go¬ 
thic door-ways open into the dome, in one of which was 
a human figure Handing ereft, faid to have been Gaudma, 
and another of the fame perfonage, lying on his right fide 
afleep; both of gigantic ftru&ure. Thefe, however, are 
not the ufual attitudes of the divinity; as he is gene¬ 
rally depifted fitting crofs-legged on a pedeftal, adorned 
with reprefentations of the leaf of the facred lotus carved 
upon the bafe; the left hand of the image relts upon his 
lap, and the right is pendent. Beyond the fuburbs there 
is a part where the inhabitants are employed in expreffing 
oil from the fefamum-feed : the grain is put into a deep 
wooden trough, in which it is preffed by an upright tim¬ 
ber fixed in a frame ; the force is increafed by a long lever, 
on the extremity of which a man fits and guides a bullock 
that moves in a circle, thus turning and prefling the feed 
at the fame time: the machine was Ample, and effectually 
anfwered the purpofe. Of thefe mills, I; he re were not lefs 
than two hundred within a very narrow compafs. From 
the circumftance of the cattle being in good order, it was 
concluded that they were fed on the feed after the oil was 
extracted. The land about Pagahm fcarcely yields fuffi- 
cient vegetation to nourilh goats. <S ymes's Embajfy to Ava, 
vol. ii. 
PAGALOAN, a town on the north-weft coaft of Min- 
-danao. 
PAGAME'A, f. in botany, a genus confiding of only 
one fpecies, whole fruit was judged-by Juffieu to be not 
fufficiently afcertained ; it belongs to the rubiacese of 
that author. Aublet defcribes the berry as of two cells, 
with two feeds, convex on one fide, flat on the other, one 
of them frequently abortive. Each of thefe feeds, when 
cut acrefs, is found to have two cells, with a kernel in 
each cell. 
Pagamea Guianenfis is a flirub feven or eight feet high, 
growing on the top of the Serpent-mountain, in Guiana, 
and bearing flowers, as well as fruit, in Auguft. The 
branches fpread every way, and are knotty, leafy at the 
extremities. Leaves oppofite, in pairs, crofilng each 
other, ftalked, lanceolate, pointed, entire, about three 
inches long, fingle-ribbed and veiny, fmooth and pliant. 
Flowers in ftiort, loofe, axillary, ftalked, fpikes; corolla 
white, funnel-fliaped, equally four-cleft, downy within. 
No reafon is given for the name, nor any thing laid about 
the qualities or ufes of the plant; except that the wood 
PAG 
is hard, and of a yellowifh colour. The trunk is only five 
inches in diameter. Aublet, p. 112. t.44. 
PA'GAN, f [paganrpc, Sax. paganus , Lat.} A hea¬ 
then ; one not a Chriftian. 
Baronius derives the word paganus from pagus, a vil¬ 
lage; becaufe, when Chriftians became mailers of the 
cities, the heathens were obliged, by the edicts of Con- 
ftantine and his fons, to go and live in the country vil¬ 
lages, &c. and hence it might, in time, extend to all hea¬ 
thens ; or the word might come from pagus, in regard the 
peafants were thofe who adhered longeft to the idolatry of 
the heathens, as being negleCted by the firft preachers of 
Chriftianity.—Religion did firft take place in cities; and 
in that refpeCt was acaufe why the name of pagans, which 
properly fignifieth a country people, came to be ufed in 
common fpeech for the lame that infidels and unbelievers 
were, [looker s Ecc. Pol. —But this is mere fuppofition; 
for, although the principal cities where the apoftles con¬ 
verted the heathens, are mentioned in their Ads, and 
other ancient authors, it does not follow that the villages 
were left in want of inftruCtion. The cafe feems to be 
this : the Latin word paganus fignifies, properly, “ any one 
who does not bear arms,” in oppofition to miles, a foldier; 
and hence it is concluded, that the primitive Chriftians 
metaphorically applied the word pagani, pagans, to all 
thofe w'ho were not “ foldiers of Chrilt,” qui non milita- 
hantfub vexillo Clirijli. Etymological Gleanings, MS. 
Salmafius will have the word come from pagus, confi- 
dered as originally fignifying gens, or nation ; whence he 
obferves, we fay indifferently, pagans, or gentiles. 
PA'GAN, adj. Heathenilh: 
The fecret ceremonies I conceal, 
Uncouth, perhaps unlawful to reveal; 
But fuch they were as pagan ule required. Dryden. 
PAGAN' (Peter), a diftinguilhed poet of the fixteenth 
century, was born at Wanfrid, in Iieffe ; and, being edu¬ 
cated with great care, he exhibited, at an early age, much 
literary tafte, and a particular turn for poetry. In the 
year 1550 he received the degree of bachelor in philofo- 
phy ; and he became poet to the emperor Ferdinand. To 
the ftudy of poetry he joined that of hiftory, and was 
ele£ted profeffor of both in the univer-fity of Marpurg. 
He died at Wanfrid, on the 29th of May, 1576. Befides 
many pieces of poetry on mifceilaneous fubjedts, he left 
“ Hiftoria tergeminorum Romanorum et Albanoruin fra- 
trum,” in verle, which contained the hiftory of the three 
Horatii and the three Curiatii. 
PAGAN' (Blaife-Frangois, Comte de), an eminent mi¬ 
litary engineer, was born at Avignon in the year 1604. 
He entered into the army at twelve years of age, and dif¬ 
tinguilhed himfelf in a variety of adlions. He was pa- 
tronifed by his near relation, the conftable de Luynes, 
whom he had the misfortune to lofe at the fiege of Mon- 
tauban, at which he was alfo deprived of the fight of an 
eye by a mulket-fliot. At the paffage of the Alps, and 
the barricades of Suza, he placed himfelf at the head of 
a determined band, and, having gained the fummit of a 
deep mountain, he cried out “This is the road to glory,” 
and inftantly did down the mountain; and, being imi¬ 
tated by his men, they arrived firft at the barricades and 
carried them. When the king, Louis XIII. laid fiege to 
Nanci in 1633, Pagan had the honour to attend him in 
drawing the lines and forts of circumvallation. In 1642 
he wa£ fent to the fervice of Portugal, in the pod of field- 
marlhal, and there he had the misfortune to lofe his other 
eye. Though difabled from ferving his country in the 
active duties of a warrior, he was intent upon augment¬ 
ing its glory, by extending the boundaries of military 
fcience. Having from his youth clofely applied to ma¬ 
thematical ftudies, with a particular view to the fcience of 
fortification, he now employed the whole force of his ac¬ 
tive mind in fpeculations of this kind, and in 1645 pub- 
lilhed his “ Traite des Fortifications:” this was regarded 
as the bed work that had ever been written on the fubjeft 3 
1 and 
