200 
PAG 
about half a mile in breadth. On the Tides of this fen the 
belt part of the vines lie; but the upper part of the hills 
on each fide is altogether naked and barren. The foil at 
the foot of the hills, where the vines are planted, is full 
of gravel and fmall (tones : and hence the wine is of good 
quality. The air is not unhealthful, notwithftanding the 
vicinity of the falt-pits ; for the frequent high winds 
carry off the noxious exhalations. The greateft part of 
the people of Pago live by working in the falt-pits, and 
have a comfortable fubfiftence regularly paid by the go¬ 
vernment : it is therefore a very important circumftance 
for the inhabitants ot the city to have a dry fummer; and 
hence the ignorant vulgar look upon rain as a mifchief 
brought upon the country by the force of witchcraft. In 
confequence of this idea, they eleft ri friar to exorcife the 
meteors, and keep the rain off the ifland. If, notwith¬ 
ftanding the poor friar’s endeavours, the fummerhappens 
to be rainy, he lofes his reputation and his bread ; but, 
if two or three dry feafons follow fucceffively, he meets 
with great reverence and advantage. Part of the falt- 
works belongs to the government, and the reft to private 
proprietors ; they are meliorated every year; and for that 
end the public lends money to thofe proprietors who want 
it, and who, without that aftiftance, could not make the 
requiftte improvements. The great quantity of fage and. 
other odoriferous plants with which the ifland is covered, 
furnirhes moft excellent food for the bees, and the honey 
of whom forms no inconfiderable branch of trade ; it is 
generally carried to Fiume, and fold again there as the 
honey of that country. The fame pafture among thofe 
barren rocks maintains a large number of (beep and goats; 
and the wcol which is very bad, and cheefe, make fmall 
articles for export. 
The northern part of the ifland, called Novaglia, which 
depends on the government of Arba, is well (Applied 
with water, and has good paftures on its low grounds, by 
which means its black cattle are larger and better than on 
any of the neighbouring iflands, or of Littoral Dalmatia. 
The ifland has actually neither wood to burn, nor for any 
other purpofe, excepting the northern end, called Punta 
di Lorn, which is abundantly fupplied with all forts. 
Among the reft there are very fine roots and trunks of 
old olive-trees, which would furnifti excellent materials 
for the cabinet-makers and fculptors. The foil of the 
ifland, that is, of the land lying on the declivity and at 
the bottom of the hills, is very gravelly and light; but 
on the northern extremity, where there are plains, though 
i'omewhat llony, yet the land is better and ftronger, and 
might be cultivated to bear corn of all forts. The whole 
number of inhabitants fcarcely amounts to 3500, which 
bears no proportion to the extent of ground, if the naked 
barren hills that cover almoft the whole did not account 
for it. The greateft part of this population lives in the 
city of Pago, which is laid to contain about 3000 inhabi¬ 
tants. Lat. 44,-40. N. Ion. 15. 10. E. 
PA'GO, thechieftown of the above ifland, built by the 
Venetians in the year 1468. The name of Pago is found 
in older writings ; but then it was a village, and fituated 
in an unhealthful and inconvenient fpot, now called 
Terra Vecchia, or The Oid Town. Kefj'a, or li'iffa, or 
■ JCoJja, was the name of the capital oft his ifland in the 
barbarous times, and probably comes from the corruption 
of Ciffa, or Gijfa. The Venetians took it from the Croats 
in the end of the 10th century, and demoliftied it. At 
that time it appears that the fouthern part, where Pago 
now (lands, was not much inhabited. This city has un¬ 
dergone many revolutions. The difficulty of accefs 
to it, and the bad accommodation that (Dangers meet 
with, make it very little frequented ; hence the in¬ 
habitants are as wild and unpolilhed as if they lay at the 
greateft dillance from the fea, and the commerce of po¬ 
lite people. The gentry, who pretend to (how their man¬ 
ners different from thofe of the vulgar, are truly grotefque 
figures, both in their drefs and behaviour, and infolenb 
uretenfions; the ignorance of the clergy is incredible. 
PAG 
There are two convents of friars in Pago, and one of 
nuns; and feveral churches, all in very bad order, and ill 
ferved. 
PAG'OD, or Pago'da, f. [a corruption of poutglmd, 
which in the Perfian fignifies “ a houfe of idols.” Fryer’s 
Travels. Dr. Johnjmi. —Sir T. Herbert writes it pagotha: 
“ Many pagotliaes or idol places for.worfhip. Within thefe 
is built a pagotha. They adore pagothas, in (hape not 
unlike Pan and Priapus.” Travels, p.48, 116, 373. Todd.'] 
An Indian idol.—Miferable Indians idolatroufly adoring 
their devilifh pagodes. Bp. Hall's Character of Man.— 
They worfhip idols called pagofls, after fuch a terrible re- 
prefentation as we make of devils. Slillingfleet. —The 
temple of the idol. We (hould be inclined to reftricl the 
word pngod to the idol, and to apply pagoda to the tem¬ 
ple ; but the following example is againlt us! 
See thronging millions to the pagod run, 
And offer country, parent, wife, orfon. Pope. 
The pagodas, or pagod-temples, of China, are lofty 
towers, confiding fomerimes of nine ftories, each ftory 
more than twenty feet high. See the reprefentation, under 
the article China, oppofite p.484. The pagodas of Hin- 
dooftan, on the contrary, are moitly fquare (tone build¬ 
ings, not very lofty, and crowned with a cupola. With¬ 
in they are very, dark ; for they have no windows, and 
only receive their light through the entrance. The image 
of the idol (lands in the deepeft and darkeft reoeis of the 
temple ; it is of a monftrous ihape, and of uncouth di- 
menfions, having many arms and hands. Some of thefe 
idols have eight, and others fixteen, arms; with a human 
body, and the head of a dog, with drawn bows and in- 
llruments of war in their hands. Some of them are black, 
others of a yellowifli hue. In Come pagodas there are no 
images, but only a (ingle black pofiftied (tone, lying upon 
a round altar, covered with flowers and fandal-wood, 
which were (trewed upon it. Greater veneration ismani- 
fefted for thefe Hones than for the idols themfelves. Their 
worfhip of thefe divinities ccnfiils in throwing themfelves 
upon the ground, and making their falam, or falutation, 
with their hands, and ejaculating their prayers in iilence 
in that pofture. The offerings \yhioh they are accullomed 
to prefent to their gods coniill of flowers, rice, pieces qf 
filk and cotton, and fometimes gold and filver. Every 
thing is laid before the idols, and is taken care of by the 
Brahmins, who profit the molt by it; for, to adopt the 
words of an elegant and accurate hillori.m, “ in all the 
great pagodas of India the Brahmins live in a fubordi- 
nation which knows no refinance, and Humber in a vo» 
luptuoufnefs which knows no want.” Fora defeription 
of fome of thefe curious buildings, fee the article Bin- 
doostan, vol. x. p. 170. and the Plates there referred to, 
Pagoda is alfo the name of a gold coin, current in fe¬ 
veral parts of India. The (liver pagodas, (truck atNariin- 
gua, Bifnagur, See. ufually bear the figure of fome mon¬ 
ftrous idol; whence their names. They are of various 
values. 
Accounts are kept at Madras, or Fort St. George, on 
the Coromandel coaft, in pagodas, fanams, and caih ; 80 
calh = 1 fanam, and 42 fanams 1 pagoda. Such is the 
mode of reckoning ufed by the Ealt-India Company, and 
other European merchants ; but, among the natives, the 
value of the pagoda-varies from 44 to. 46 fanams. The 
gold coins are (tar or current pagodas; and the filver 
coins, Arcot rupees. The (lar-pagoda weighs 52'56 Eng¬ 
lish grains, and the gold is 19^ carats fine; it therefore 
contains 4:4048 grains of fine gold, and is worth 7s, 5^d. 
fterling ; but it is commonly valued at 8s. 
In the Myfore country, and particularly at the capital, 
Seringapatam, accounts are kept in Canter-raia pagodas, 
and palams, called by the Englilh Cautery pagodas and 
fanams. This pagoda is an imaginary money; and the 
fanam, which is a real coin, is the tenth part of the pa¬ 
goda. The coins are gold mohurs, which pafs (or four 
pagodas; fultany pagodas, coined by Tippoo Sultan ; and 
3 other 
