P A I 
202 
PAIN, f. [nom 5, Gr. poena, Lat. peine, Fr. pin, Sax.] 
Punifhment denounced.—There the princeffes, determin¬ 
ing to bathe themfelves, thought it was fo privileged a 
place, upon pain of death, as no-body durft prefume to 
come thither. Sidney. 
On pain of death no perfon be fo bold, 
Or daring hardy, as to touch the lift. ShalieJ'peare. 
Penalty; punifliment.—Becaufe Eufebius hath yet faid 
nothing, we will, by way of muldl or pain , lay it upon 
him. Bacon. —Senfation of uneafinefs.—As the pains of 
the touch are greater than the offences of the other fenfes ; 
fo likewife are the pieafures. Bacon. 
Pain is perfefl mifery, the word: 
Of evils; and, exceflive, overturns 
All patience. Milton's P. L. 
[In the plural.] Labour; work; toil.—One laboureth 
and taketh pains, maketh hafte, and is fo much the more 
behind. Eccles. xi. n.—The pains they had taken was 
very great. Clarendon. —Some natures, the more pains a 
man takes to reclaim them, the worfe they are. L'E/trange. 
—A reafonable clergyman, if he will be at the pains, can 
make the molt ignorant man comprehend what is his 
duty, and convince him that he ought to perform it. 
Swift. —Labour ; talk. The lingular is, in thisfenfe, ob- 
folete. 
The fame with pains we gain, but lofe with eafe, 
Sure fome to vex, but never all to pleafe. Pope. 
He foft arrived on the graffy plain, 
And fairly paced forth with eafy pain. Spenfer. 
Tone paitw in a cottage doth take, 
When t’other trim bowers do make. Tuffer. 
When of the dew, which th’ eye and ear do take 
From flowers abroad, and bring into the brain, 
She doth within both wax and honey make : 
This work is hers, this is her proper pain. Davies. 
When a lion Ihakes his dreadful mane, 
And angry grows, if he, that firft took pain 
To tame his youth, approach the haughty beaft. 
He bends to him, but frights away the reft. Waller, 
Uneafinefs of mind, about fomething abfent or future ; 
anxiety; folicitude.—Great pain [in the margin, fear] 
fliall be in Ethiopia. Ezek. xxx. 4-.—If the churchlefs were 
once thus fettled, we need then be in lefs pain for the reli¬ 
gion of our prince. Lejlie. 
It bid her feel 
No future pain for me ; but inftant wed 
A lover more proportion’d to her bed. Prior. 
The throes of childbirth.—She bowed herfelf and tra¬ 
velled ; for her pains came upon her. 1 Sam. iv. 19. 
To PAIN, v. a. To afflift; to torment; to make un- 
eafy.—Excefs of cold, as well as heat, pains us, be¬ 
caufe it is equally deftruftive to that temper which is 
neceflary to the prefervation of life. Locke. 
She drops a doubtful word, that pains his mind, 
And leaves a rankling jeaioufy behind. Dnjden. 
[With the reciprocal pronoun.] To labour. Little vfed. 
-—Though the lord of the liberty do pain himfelf to yield 
equal juftice unto all, yet can there not but great abufes 
lurk in fo abfolute a privilege. Spencer on Ireland .—He 
pained himfelf to raife his note. Dn/den. 
PAIN’s HILL'. See Walton upon-Thames. 
PAI'NA SCHYL'LI, f. in botany. See Acanthus. 
PAINBCEU'F,. a feaport-town of France, and principal 
place of adiftrift, in the department of the Lower Loire, 
Situated at the mouth of the Loire: twenty-one miles 
weft of Nantes, and twenty north-north-weft of Mache- 
coul. Lat. 47. 17. N. Lon. 1. 57. W. 
P A I 
PAINE (Thomas), a famous political writer, was 
born at Thetford, in Norfolk, on the 29th of January, 
1736-7. His father, who was the foil of a final! farmer, 
followed the trade of a ftay-maker, and was by religious 
profeffion a Quaker. His mother was a member of the 
church of England, and daughter of an attorney at Thet¬ 
ford. They were married at the parifh-church of Eufton, 
near Thetford, the 20th of June, 1734.. His father, by 
this marriage out of the fociety of Quakers, was difowned 
by that community. Mr. Paine received his education 
at the grammar-fchool at Thetford, under the Rev. Wm. 
Knowles ; and one of his fchool-mates at that time was 
the late counfellor Mingay. At this fchool his ftudies 
were directed merely to reading, writing, and arithme¬ 
tic ; and he left it at thirteen years of age, to be put ap¬ 
prentice to his father. 
In the year 1756, when near twenty years of age, he 
went to London, where he worked fome time in Hanover- 
ftreet, Long Acre, with Mr. Morris, a well-known ftay- 
maker. In 1758, he removed to Dover, where he worked 
at his trade for near twelve months. In April 1759 he 
fettled as a mafter ftay-maker at Sandwich ; and Mr. OI- 
dys fays that he formed a little congregation at his own 
houle, to whom he preached as an independent minifter. 
On the 27th of September following he married Mary 
Lambert, the daughter of an excifeman of that place. In 
April 1760, he removed with his wife to Margate, where 
ftie died fliortly after; and he again mingled with the 
crowds of London. 
In July 1761, difgufted with the toil and little gain of 
his late occupation, he renounced it for ever, and deter¬ 
mined to apply himfelf to the profeffion of an excifeman, 
towards which, as his wife’s father was of that calling, he 
had fome time turned his thoughts. At this period he 
fought Ihelter under his father’s roof at Thetford, that he 
might profecute, in quiet and retirement, the objeft of 
his future courfe. Through the ir.tereft of Mr. Cockiedge, 
the recorder of Thetford, after fourteen months of ftudy, 
he was eftablilhed as a fupernumerary intheexcife, about 
the age of twenty-five. In this fituation, at Grantham 
and Alford, &c. he did not continue more than two or 
three years, when he relinquifhed it, in Auguft 1765, and 
commenced it again in 1766. In this interval he was 
teacher at Mr. Noble’s academy, in Leman-ftreet, Good- 
man’s Fields, at a falary of 25L a-year. In a fimilar oc¬ 
cupation he afterwards lived for a fliort time, at Kenfing- 
ton, with the Rev. Mr. Gardnor. Speaking of the im¬ 
provement he gained in the above capacities, and fome 
other lowly fituations he had been in, he made this ob- 
fervation : “ Here I derived confiderable information ; 
indeed, I have feldom paffed five minutes of my life, 
however circumftanced, in which I did not acquire 
fome knowledge.” During this refidence in London, he 
attended the philofophical leftures of Martin and Fergu- 
fon, and became acquainted with Dr. Bevis, of the Tem¬ 
ple, a great aftronomer. In thefe ftudies and the mathe¬ 
matics he foon became a proficient. At this time he was 
defirous of taking orders ; but, being merely an E : nglifii 
icholar, he could not obtain any certificate of qualifica¬ 
tion. Being violently moved, however, with a fpirit of 
preaching, he wandered about for a while as an itinerant 
methodilt; becaufe, though reftored to his tank in the 
excife, he was not fixed in an employment. 
In March 1768, he was fettled as an excifeman at 
Lewes in Suffex ; and there, on the 26th of March, 1771, 
married Elizabeth Ollive, fliortly after the death of her 
father, whofe trade of a tobacconift and grocer he entered 
into and carried on. In this place he lived three years, 
in habits of intimacy with a very convivial fet of ac¬ 
quaintance, who were entertained with his witty fallies, 
and informed by his more ferious conventions. Tn po¬ 
litics he was at this time a Whig, and notorious for 
that quality which has been defined perfeverance in a 
good caufe and obftinacy in a' bad one. 
