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262 
nice at the top. In the conftru&ion of the roof (which 
is a pavilion covered with Hate, having a platform covered 
with lead on the top), there is fomething very curious ; 
and it is admired by every perfon of tafte. In 1781, the 
number of the inhabitants ftill rapidly increafing, another 
church, called the Middle Church, was built, not quite fo 
large as the former, but very handfomely and elegantly 
finilhed : and, in the following year, the town was divi¬ 
ded and eredled into three feparate parifhes, exclufive of 
the abbey-parifh, and named according to their refpeficive 
churches. 
There are two large difTen ting congregations in the town; 
thofe of the Antiburgher perfuafion, and the Relief. The 
firft of thefe has exifted there for upwards of thirty years ; 
the other is of a late date. There is, befides, a fmall con¬ 
gregation of Cameronians. 
The edifices appropriated to public bufinefs, charity, or 
amufement, are all of modern erection. The hofpital, or 
poor-houfe, was built in 1751, and is under the manage¬ 
ment of fifteen directors : it is a large ftru&ure, with an 
extenfive garde'n attached, and is fupported by a fmall 
affeflfment on the inhabitants at large. The town-hall is 
a handfome building of cut Hone. The market is proba¬ 
bly the neateft and molt commodious range of fhambles 
in Great Britain : the front is of hewn Hone. No public 
theatre has yet been erefted here ; but there are rooms 
appropriated to concerts and affemblies. A large fub- 
fcription-room, on the plan of the Glafgow tontine, has 
been eredled within the laft five years. 
Paifley has attained its prelent rank and importance 
from its manufactures ; and hence it feems proper to give 
a flight Iketch of the rife, and of the progreflive changes, 
which thefe have undergone at different periods fince 
their firft eftabliflitnent. At the time of the union, and 
for fome years after, fcarcely any other goods were pro¬ 
duced here but coarfe linen checks, and a kind of Itriped 
cloths called Bengals; and even thefe were manufactured 
only on a very limited fcale. When a free trade, how¬ 
ever, was opened with England, the fpirit of manufacture 
began to difplay itfelf at Pailley with a vigour feldom 
paralleled. This refulted in a great meafure from the 
exertions of pedlars, or, as they are called in Scotland, 
packmen, many of whom, having accumulated a fmall 
capital, fettled in this town and its vicinity, and became 
refident manufacturers. The experience of what would 
fuit the tafte of the people, and the connections they had 
eltablilhed in the courfe of their travelling career, pre¬ 
ferred many advantages in their new occupation, of 
which they did not fail to avail themfelves. They firft im¬ 
proved the quality of the linen-cloths above-mentioned ; 
but thefe in a few years gave way entirely to articles of a 
lighter and more fanciful defcription ; fuch as linen gauze 
and lawns, both plain and ornamented. The manufac¬ 
ture of thread was introduced about the year 1750, and 
ftill continues to afford employment to a large portion of 
the inhabitants. In 1760, the manufacture of filk-gauze 
was begun by Mr. M‘Kerral of Hillhoufe, and foon dif- 
placed the linen-cloths as the ftaple-produce of Paifley. 
Before that period, the patterns and defigns of all fancy- 
goods were made at Paris ; but the Paifley manufacturers, 
difdaining the fervility of imitation, ellabliflted draughtf- 
men of their own, whofe productions were thought not 
only to rival, but to excel, thofe of the French artifts. 
Hence fuch a variety of elegant and richly-ornamented 
gauzes was iffued from this town, as furpafled every thing 
that had hitherto appeared. Spitalfields was compelled 
almoft to abandon the manufacture ; and feveral compa¬ 
nies came down from London to carry it on, on the banks 
of the Cart, where it flourifhed beyond any manufacture 
which any town of Scotland could boaft of, till the in¬ 
vention of Arkwright’s machinery for fpinning cotton, 
by rendering fabrics of that material both cheap and ele¬ 
gant, almoft excluded filks from any (hare in female drefs, 
when it of courfe declined, and is now almoft abandoned. 
Following the tide of fafhion, the manufacturers of Paifley 
turned their exertions into the new channel, and foon 
P A I 
brought their cottons into competition with thofe of 
Manchefter itfelf. The whole neighbouring waters were 
fpeedily occupied with fpinning-mills and bleach-fields ; 
and many thoufand perfons took up the employment of 
weaving cottons here and in the furrounding villages. 
Befides thefe principal manufactures, Paifley has fome 
others of a more local defcription, likewife conducted on 
an extenfive fcale: tan-works,andfoapand candle works, 
are numerous ; and there is alfo a calico-printing work, 
a copperas-work, and feveral manufactories for tape and 
ribbons. 
The number of inhabitants in the town of Paifley 
amounted in 1695 to 2200 ; in 1755 they were 4290 ; in 
1782, 11,100; and in 1792 they were 13,800. According 
to the parliamentary-returns of 1811, it contains 2951 
houfes, and a population of 36,785 perfons, including 
the two fuburb-pariflies of Abbey, eaft and weft. 
Of the Roman camp mentioned by Camden, as fituated 
clofe to Paifley, very few’ veftiges remain ; the valla are 
nearly levelled, and the ditches filled up. Of the out¬ 
works no diftinCt marks are now vifible, excepting-of 
one which was conftruCfed at a fpot ftill bearing the name 
of Caftle Head. A military road led to this entrench¬ 
ment, which is fuppofed to have been the Vanduara of 
Ptolemy. 
Elderflie, in the vicinity of this town, is noted, in the 
annals of Scotland, as the birth-place of the illuftrious fir 
William Wallace. Pennant's Tour in Scotland. Beauties 
of Scotland, vol. iii. Statiftical Account of Scotland, vol. vii. 
PAI'TA. See Payta. 
PAITAN', a town on the north coaft of the ifland of 
Borneo. Lat. 6.32.N. Ion. 117. 28. E. 
PA'ITLEY, or Pateley Bridge, a fmall market- 
town in the parifti and liberty of Ripon, in thg weft ri¬ 
ding of Yorklhire, is fituated on the river Nidd, at the 
diftance of twelve miles weft-fouth-weft from Ripon. 
The market is held on Saturday, and here are four fairs 
annually. It is fomewhat lingular that this town is not 
named in any of our Gazetteers ; neither is it mentioned 
in the late population-reports, though feveral tovvnfliips 
in the fame parilh are there noticed. Beauties of England 
and Wales, vol. xvi. 
PAITSEPON', a town of Little Bukharia : fifty miles 
eaft-north-eaft of Kalhgar. 
PA'KA, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Koni- 
gingratz: eighteen miles north.-north-weft ofKonigin- 
gratz. Lat. 50. 25. N. Ion. 15. 22. E. 
PA'KANG-GAY', a town of the kingdom of Birmah, 
on the Irawaddy ; twenty-five miles fouth of Pegham- 
mew. 
PAKASHASA'NA, one of the names of the Hindoo 
deity Indra, regent of the vifible heavens. 
PA'KEFIELD, a village in Suffolk, about two miles 
from Loweftoff: this parifti is bounded on the eaft by the 
German Ocean, which, by frequent dalhing againft the 
bafes of the cliffs, has often received large portions of 
ponderous maffes, together with the buildings they fup¬ 
ported, into its voracious bofom. The trade confifts only 
in a very fmall part of the herring-filhery. The church 
is dedicated to Margaret, and confifts of two aifles built 
nearly uniform : the fteeple Hands at the weft end of the 
fouth aifle, and contains five bells. The Quakers have had 
a meeting-houfe here for a hundred and thirty years pall. 
PA'KENHAM, a village in Suffolk : four miles eaft- 
north-eaft of Bury St. Edmunds. 
PA'KIR, or Pecher, a fea-port town of Arabia, in 
the province of Oman. The inhabitants carry on a con- 
fiderable commerce to India. The environs abound in 
cattle, grain, dates, railins, and other fruits: 132 miles 
fouth-weft of Haffek, and twenty-five eaft of Dofar. 
PAKOL'TSZ, a town of the duchy of Warfaw : thir¬ 
ty-four miles north of Gnefna. 
PAK'RATZ, a town of Sclavonia: twenty mile. - 
north-weft of Pofzega. 
PAICUP'ZKI, a town of Croatia, on theliulpa : t wenty 
miles eaft of Carlftadt. 
PA'LA, 
