2?a 
PAL 
18. Eftimnte of the prefent population of Paleftine, 
withdetails of the manners andcuftom's of the inhabitants. 
19. Veftiges of ancient cultivation'in parts of the coun¬ 
try now defolate and unproductive. 
20. Weights ; and meafures of time, diftance, and ca¬ 
pacity. 
ai. The prefent modes of dividing the year and day 
in ufe among the Arabs, Turks, Chriftians of each deno¬ 
mination, and Jews ; as well as the date of trade and ma¬ 
nufactures within the limits of Paleftine, and its vicinity. 
PALESTRI'NA, one of the illands near the city of 
Venice, twelve miles long, but narrow. It contains a 
large market-town of the fame name, and about 7000 in¬ 
habitants. It is fix miles fouth of Venice. 
PALESTRI'NA, a town of Italy, in the province of 
Campagna, anciently Pranefte, near which formerly ftood 
a temple dedicated to Fortune, and another to Hercules, 
in a bay on the welt coaft. It is the fee of a bifliop, who 
is alfoa cardinal. It is eighteen miles eaft-louth-eaft of 
Rome. Lat. 41. 51. N. Ion. 12. 49. E. 
PALESTRI'NA (Giovanni Pierluigi da), a very emi¬ 
nent compofer of church-mufic, was born in 1529, at 
Paleftrina in Italy, the ancient Praenefte. His inftruClor 
in the mufical fcience is laid to have been one G.audio 
Mell, a Fleming, in which name fome have recognifed 
Claude Goudimel, a mufician of Franche Comte, and a 
huguenot, who was one of the firft that fet the tranflation 
of the Pfalms, by Clement Marot and Theodore Beza, to 
mufic; and who was murdered at Lyons in 1572, on the 
fatal day of the maflacre of Paris. Who Mell was, if dif¬ 
ferent from Goudimel, we know not} of his works or 
name we have met with no memorial. 
Of Paleftrina’s early life nothing is known ; but it ap¬ 
pears, that in 1555 he was admitted into the pope’s cha¬ 
pel in Rome. He had already formed thatfimple, grave, 
and noble, ftyle for which he became fo famous; for we 
are told that the pope and conclave, having been fcanda- 
jfzed at the light and injudicious manner in which the 
mafs had been ufnally fet and performed, had determined 
to banifh mulic in parts entirely from the church; but 
that Paleftrina, at the age of twenty-fix, during the pon¬ 
tificate of Marcellus Cervinus, interceded with his lioli- 
nefs to fufpend the fentence till he fhould have heard a 
mafs compofed in a different ftyie. Accordingly, at 
Eafter 1555, he prgfented before the pope and cardinals 
his celebrated compolition entitled “ Mifla Pap® Mar- 
celli," which was heard by them with fo much pleafure 
and admiration, that mufic in divine-fervice was reltored 
to favour. 
In 1562 Paleftrina was- elefted chapel-mafter to the 
church of Santa-Maria-Maggiore, and in 1571 was ap¬ 
pointed to the fame office at St. Peter's. He opened a 
fchool of mufic at Rome, in conjmiction with his friend 
and fellow-pupil Gio. Maria Nanino, and greatly contri¬ 
buted to eftabiifh the fuperior reputation of the Italian 
muficians. He died in 1594, anc * W3S interred at St. 
Peter's, whither his funeral was attended by all the mu¬ 
ficians at Rome, and a great concdurleof other perfons. 
His own compolition, “ Libera nos Domine,” was per¬ 
formed on the cccafion. No mufician has been men¬ 
tioned with more honour by writers on the fame fcience 
than Paleftrina, who was undoubtedly a great and ori¬ 
ginal genius. Although the inventions of fugue, canon, 
and other elaborate compofitions, have been banifhed from 
dramatic mufic, they have been retained in the church, 
on account of their gravity and folemnity ; and this com- 
pofer, by hie fine talte and admirable (kill in harmony, 
brought choral mufic to a degree of perfection that (fays 
Dr. Burney) has neyer been exceeded. The beft church- 
compofitions fince his time, have indeed been prover¬ 
bially called alia P ahfirina, as profeffedly imitations of 
his manner. His works were numerous, and moftof them 
are ftill extant. The principal of them are mattes and 
motets. Hutchins's and Burney's Hifiories of Mufic. 
PALES'I'RIUM, a town of European Turkey, in Li- 
vadia 1 thirty-four miles north of Lepauto. 
PAL 
PAL'ET, f. [pelote, Fr. a ball.] The crown of the 
head. Obfiolete . 
Then Elinour fay’d, Yecalettes, 
I (hall breake your palates, 
Without ye now ceafe ; 
And fo was made the dronken peace. Shelton. 
PAL'ETTE, f. [Fr. from plat, a difli; or from plat, 
flat.] A light thin plate of wood or ivory, on which a 
painter holds his colours.—Let the ground of the picture 
be of fuch a mixture, as there may be fomefhing in it of 
every colour that compofes your work, as it were the con¬ 
tents of your palette. Dryden. 
PA'LEY (William), a juftly-celebrated divine and 
philofopher, was born at Peterborough, in July 1743, of 
the cathedral church of which place his father was a mi¬ 
nor canon. Soon after the birth of his fon he was ap¬ 
pointed head-mafter of Gigglefwick fchool, in Yorkfhire, 
to which place he removed. Young Paley was now edu¬ 
cated under his father’s eye ; at fchool he loon furpaffecj 
his contemporaries, and at length obtained a pre-emi¬ 
nence over them all. He was even at this period more 
attentive to things than to words, and was ardent in 
the purfuit of knowledge of every kind. He was very 
curious in his enquiries about mechanifm, whenever he 
had an opportunity of converfing with any workmen,, 
or others capable of affording him information. In his 
mind he was uncommonly aCtive; in his body quite the 
reverfe. 
Soon after he had completed his fifteenth year he ac¬ 
companied his father to Cambridge, and was admitted a 
fizar of Chrift’s college, November 16, 1758. In Octo¬ 
ber 1759, he became a refident member of Chrift’s col¬ 
lege, and on the jth of December he was appointed to 
one of the fcholarlhips founded by Mr. Carr; was elected 
a lcholar on the foundation of his college, and appointed 
to the exhibition founded by fir Walter Mildmay. At 
college he diftinguilhed himfelf by his diligence and 
great-proficiency, and attracted confiderable notice in the 
univerfity, at the firft opportunities which he enjoyed of 
difplaying his talents in the public fchools. According 
to the fyftem of education followed at Cambridge, ftu- 
dents, about the middle of their third year, who are then 
called feniorfoplis, difpute in the fchools on queftions of 
natural and moral philofophy. In thefe exercifes Mr. 
Paley difeovered fuch extraordinary quicknefs and faga- 
city, that, whenever lie was expeCted to enter the lifts, the 
lchools were crowded with auditors. 
In 1763 he was admitted to the degree of B. A. having 
had the honour of appearing the.firft man of his year in 
the previous examinations. After he had thus become a 
graduate, being too young to enter into holy orders, he 
obtained the place of affiftant in a fchool at Greenwich, 
which he retained about three years. In 1765 lie became 
a candidate for one of the prizes given annually by the 
reprefentatives of the univerfity of Cambridge to fenior 
bachelors, to the authors of the two beft differtations in 
Latin profe. The fubjeft propofed was “ A Comparifon 
between the Stoic and Epicurean Philolbphy, with refpeCt 
to the influence of each on the morals of a people." Mr. 
Paley took the Epicurean fide, and obtained the firft 
prize. 
Being ordained a -deacon at a proper age, he engaged 
himfelf as curate to Dr. Hincliliffe, then vicar of Green¬ 
wich, and afterwards bilhop of Peterborough. Soon af¬ 
ter this he left the academy, but continued to officiate in 
the church. In June 1766, he was elefted a fellow on 
the foundation of Chrift’s college, which was worth about 
iool. per annum, in confequence of which he returned 
toa refidence in the univerfity, took his degree of M. A. 
and engaged in the bufinefs of private tuition, which was 
foon followed by his appointment to the office of one of 
the college-tutors. On the 21ft of December, 1767, he 
was ordained a prieft by bifhop Terrick, 
The duties of college-tutor Mr. Paley difeharged with 
uncom men affiduity and zeal. Not contented with fol¬ 
lowing 
