284 
PAL 
ton publithed in London, in 1730, a volume entitled 
I Difegni delle Terme Antiche di Andrea Palladio. 3. 
Le Antichifa di Roma, not printed till after his death. 
4. He illuftrated Caefar’s Commentaries, by annexing to 
Badelli’s tranflation of that work a long Preface on the 
Military Syltem of the Romans, with copper-plates, de- 
iigned for the moll part by his two fons, Leonida and 
Orazio, who both died foon after. D'Argenville Vies des 
Archil. 
PALLA'DIUM, in antiquity, a ftatue of the goddefs 
Pallas. It was about three cubits high, and reprefented 
the goddefs fitting, and holding a pike in her right hand, 
and in her left a diftaff and a fpindle. It fell down from 
heaven near the tent of Hus, as he was building the cita¬ 
del of Ilium. Some however fuppofe that it fell at 
Petfinus in Phrygia; or, according to others, Dardanus 
got it as a prefent from his mother Eleftra. There are 
lome who maintain that the Palladium was made with 
the bones of Pelops by Aboris ; but Apollodorus fays, 
that it was no more than a piece of clock-w'ork, which 
moved of itfelf. However various the opinions of ancient 
authors be about this celebrated ftatue, it is univerfally 
allowed, that on its prefervation depended the fafety of 
Troy. This fatality the Greeks, during the Trojan war, 
were well aware of; and therefore Ulyfles and Diomedes 
were commiffioned to Ileal it. This they effefled ; and, 
if we can rely upon the authority of fome, they were di¬ 
rected how to carry it away by Helenas, a fon of Priam, 
who in this betrayed his country, becaufe his brother 
Peiphobus, at the death of Paris, had married Helen, of 
whom he was enamoured. Minerva was enraged at the 
violence offered to her ftatue ; and, aceording to Virgil, 
the Palladium itfelf feemed to have received life and 
motion, and, by the flathes which ftarted from its eyes, 
and fudden fprings from the earth, it teemed to thovv the 
refentment of the goddefs: 
Scarce to the camp the facred image came, 
When from her eyes the flath’d a living flame; 
A briny fweat bedew’d her limbs around. 
And thrice the fprung indignant from the ground; 
Thrice was (he l’een with martial rage to wield 
Her ponderous fpear, and fhake her blazing fliield. JEn. ii. 
Afterall, it is pretended byfome, that the true Palladium 
was not carried away from Troy by the Greeks, but only 
a ftatue of fnnilar fize and fhape, which was placed near 
it, to deceive whatever lacrilegious perfons attempted to 
lteal it. The Palladium, therefore, as they maintain, 
iEneas conveyed fafe from Troy to Italy, and it was after¬ 
wards preferved by the Romans with the greateft fecrecy 
and veneration in the temple of Vefta; a circumftance 
which none but the veftal virgins knew. It was efteemed 
the deftiny of Rome ; and there were feveral others made 
perfectly like it, to fecure it from being ftolen. 
PALLA'DIUM, /’. [fee the preceding article.] Any 
fecurity or protection.—A kind of palladium to lave the 
city, wherever it remained. Milton .— The Jebufites Laid 
they thould not come into the houfe, that is, they would 
never again commit the fafety of the fort to fuch palla¬ 
diums as thefe. Gregory's Notes on Script. 1684. 
PALLA'DIUM, /.’ A timple iubftance, and a metal. 
This metallic fubftance was difcovered by Dr. Wollafton 
in 1803. See the article Mineralogy, vol. xv. p. 506, 7. 
PALLA'DIUS, an eaftern prelate and eccleiiaftical 
writer, was a native of Galatia, and born about the year 
368. While a very young man he began to travel in 
foreign countries; and, coming to Alexandria in Egypt, 
he determined to embrace the monaftic life. He (pent 
three years under the difeipline of Dorotheus, a cele¬ 
brated afcetic of Thebes; and in 391 he vifited the mo- 
naileries and moft celebrated folitaries in the delert of 
Nitria. At length, having wandered over almolt the 
whole of Egypt, he was obliged, by the infirm Hate of 
his health, to quit that country, and retire to Paleftine. 
PAL 
In the year 400, or 401, he went into Bythinia, where 
he was ordained bifhop of Helenopolis. It is by no 
means certain whether Palladius, author of the “Laufiac 
Hiftory,” and Palladius, author of “ A Dialogue of the 
Life of St. Chryfoftom,” written in 408, were different 
perfons, or one and the fame. Dupin reckons thefe works 
to have been written by the fame hand ; Tillemont and 
Fabricius think them the productions of different per¬ 
fons. The faCts already cited, are taken from the Lau- 
fiac Hiftory, fo called from Laufus, a man of eminence 
in the imperial court at Conftantinople, to whom it is in- 
fcribed. 
Upon the fuppofition that it w'as the fame Palladius, 
the author of the Hiftory, who wrote the Dialogue, the 
following particulars may be added. He was ordained 
by St. John Chryfoftom, to whofe party he attached him- 
felf; and, upon the baniffiment of Chryfoftom, in 404, 
Palladius fell under perfecution ; and, being obliged to 
withdraw from his fee, retired into Italy, and took re¬ 
fuge at Rome. Some time after, venturing to return 
into the eaft, he was banilhed to Syene, at the fouthern 
extremity of Egypt. Having regained his liberty, he 
refigned the fee of Helenopolis, and was appointed to 
the bithopric of Afpona in Galatia. It is not certain 
when he died ; but it was probably fome time before the 
year 431, tince Eufebius, his fuccetforat Afpona, prelided 
at the council of Ephefus, w’hich was held in that year. 
He wrote the “ Laufiac Hiftory” about the year 421, 
which contains the lives of perfons who at that time 
were eminent for their extraordinary aufterities in Egypt 
and Paleftine. The ftyle in which it is written is plain 
and timple; the firft edition of it, in Greek, was publithed 
by Meurfiusat Leyden, in 1616. In feveral manuferipts, 
there is fubjoined to the Hiftory a book “ Concerning- 
the Nations of India and the Brahmins,” which has been 
attributed to Palladius, but without any proof. Cave 
lays, nothingmore can be affirmed of this work, than that 
it is the production of fome Chriftian writer who lived 
before the deftruCtion of the Roman empire. Lardner, vol. 
xi. Cave's Hift. Lit. vol. i. 
PALLAN'DROS, a town of the ill and of Cyprus, 
iituated at the foot of the mountain of St. Croix; an¬ 
ciently called Palca: twenty ■jfour miles north of Limafol. 
PALLANTF/UM, in ancient geography, a town of 
Italy, or perhaps more properly a citadel, built by Evan- 
deron Mount Palatine, from whence its name originates. 
Virgil fays, it is called after Pallas, the grandfather of 
Evander ; butDionyfius derives its name from Palantium, 
a town of Arcadia. 
PALLAN'TIA, in ancient geography,a town of Hither 
Spain, in the country of the Vaccsei, on the river Cea; 
diftinguithed, according to Appian, by the valour of its 
inhabitants. Now Palencia. 
PALLAN'TIAS, a patronymic of Aurora, as being 
related to the giant Pallas. Ovid. Met. 
PALLANTI'DES, the fifty fons of Pallas, the fon of 
Pandion, and the brother of Aigeus. They were all 
killed by Thefeus, the fon of FEgeus, whom theyoppofed 
when he came to take polfeffion of his father’s kingdom. 
This oppofition they thowed in hopes of fueceeding to 
the throne, as FEgeus left no children except Thefeus, 
whofe legitimacy was difputed, as he w-as born at Trcezene. 
Pint, in I'hcf 
PALLAN'TIUM, a town of Arcadia, north-eaft of 
Megalopolis, and at the extremity of a plain, which, being 
enfeebled by a colony detached to Megalopolis, became a 
village in the time of the emperor Antonine, who em¬ 
bellished it with fome fine edifices in honour of Pallas, 
Ceres, and Proferpine, freed it from every kind of impo- 
fition, and gave it entire liberty. 
PAL'LAS, in fabulous hiftory, the fon of Pandion, 
(fee the preceding article,) and father of Clytus and Butes. 
Ovid. Met. vii. 17. 
PAL'LAS, a fon of king Evander, fent with fome troops 
to 
