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289 
thofe of the dilk. Native of Mexico. It is with us in 
Europe a ftove-plant, flowering from July to September, 
but not much cultivated. The item is Ihrubby, branched, 
and downy, about two feet high ; branches alternate, leafy. 
Leaves alternate, on downy ftalks about an inch long, 
broadly ovate, obtufe, one and a half or two inches long, 
entire, occafionally rather wavy or obfcurely toothed here 
and there, three-ribbed, of a pale glaucous green, denfely 
clothed on both fides with denfe, foft, fine, fiiort down. 
Stipules none, but a denfe fnow-white tuft of accumulated 
down is more or lefs remarkable at the infertion of each 
footftalk. Panicles terminal, corymbofe, downy, rather 
leafy, of about four or five flowers, fcarcely fo large as a 
French marigold (Tagetes patula), with a yellow radius 
whofe florets are broad, Ihort, unequally lobed, and a con¬ 
vex greenifh difk. 
i. Pallafia grandiflora, or fmooth pallafia: leaves blunt- 
ifh,nearly entire, glaucous, fmooth; radiant florets, flightly 
three-toothed, thrice as long as thofe of the difk. Native 
of New Spain. It flowered at Madrid in September. This 
has the habit of the foregoing; but the leaves are fmooth, 
and the flowers larger, in confequence of the florets of 
the radius being much longer; their colour is pale-yellow; 
their apex obtufe, with only three very fhallow teeth, in- 
ftead of being deeply and irregularly lobed ; the florets of 
the difk are of a reddifh-white below, their limb dark- 
brown. Such is the defcription in Cavanilles. 
3. Pallafia ferratifolia, orferrated pallafia; the Ximenefia 
encelioides of Cavanilles: leaves pointed, ferrated, hoary 
beneath ; with winged ferrated footftalks fradiant florets, 
three-toothed. Native of Mexico, from whence the feeds 
were fent to the royal garden at Madrid. The plant 
flowered there in November. We have not heard of it 
in England, but are indebted to Cavanilles for a fpecimen : 
he made it a diftinft genus. Root perennial. Stem three 
feet high, branched, leafy, downy, ribbed, pale, apparently 
fomewhat fhrubby, corymbofe, and many-flowered. Leaves 
moftly alternate, not oppofite, except perhaps fome of the 
lowermoft, ovate, pointed, three-ribbed, with many lateral 
veins, ftrongly and fharply ferrated; their upper fide bright- 
green, befprinkled with fiiiall deprefied brillles; under 
denfely-downy, pale, or glaucous. Footftalks about a 
quarter the length of the leaves, bordered with a narrow 
wing, which is greatly dilated and toothed at the bafe, 
where it clafps the Item or branch. Flowers terminating 
each branch, folitary, larger than the laft, their radiant 
florets fpreading, bright-yellow, each near an inch long; 
difk brownifh. Cavanilles named this fuppofed genus 
after Jofeph Ximenes, an apothecary, who undertook a 
Flora of Caftulo, in four volumes,.in which he delineated 
more than 700 plants, befides native butterflies and birds 
of the fame neighbourhood. Whatever his merits might 
be, the generic appellation given by Cavanilles could 
lcarcely be retained, as the Linnasan fyftem already con¬ 
tains a Ximenia, long ago confecrated to one of his coun¬ 
trymen of the fame name, by Plunder. See that article ; 
fee alfo Calugonium, Coreopsis, and Cryfsis. 
PALLAVICl'NO (Sforza), a cardinal, born at Rome 
in 1607, was the eldelt fon of a marquis of that name in 
Lombardy. He gave early proofs of quick parts, parti¬ 
cularly by fupporting for three fucceffive days a folemn 
deputation on the whole body of fcholaflic theology. 
T'his ftudy naturally gave him a propenfity to the eccle- 
fiaflical profeflion, which he adopted, notwithftanding the 
oppofition of his parents. His piety and regularity, toge¬ 
ther with his advantages of birth and connexions, caufed 
him to be admitted early into the prelacy, and to be fuc- 
ceflively appointed to the governments of Jefi, Orvieto, 
and Camerino. The briliiaait profpeits which were 
opened to him did not, however, prevent his putting 
into execution a defign of retiring from the world ; and 
in his thirtieth year he commenced a noviciate in the 
lociety of Jefuits at Rome. When it was finifhed, he was 
employed for feveral years in giving lectures in philofo- 
phy and theology, and in presiding over the ftudies of 
Vol. XVIII. No. 1243. 
PAL 
the Roman college. He was alfo qualificator of the holy 
office, and an examiner of candidates for the epifcopacy, 
and was confulted by the popes in affairs of moment. 
The fervice he rendered the Roman church by compofing 
a Hiftory of the Council of Trent, in oppofition to that 
of Paul Sarpi, was rewarded by pope Alexander VII. 
with his nomination to the cardinalate in 1657, though 
it was not declared till two years afterwards. He conti¬ 
nued after his elevation to live in the cloifter, occupied 
in his ftudies, and in the concerns of the church, and 
affording an example of chriftian virtue and piety, till his 
death, in 1667. The “Hiftory of the Council of Trent,” 
by Pallavicino, was received with great applaufe by thofe 
of bis own party, who confidered it as a powerful antago- 
nift to that of Fra. Paolo, as Sarpi was commonly called, 
which had railed fuch unfavourable impreflions of the 
policy of the court of Rome. It is written in Italian ; 
and was firft printed at Rome, in two volumes folio, 1656, 
1657. It was republifhed, in three volumes quarto, 1664, 
with various corrections and additions by the author. 
The ftyle of this work is grave, elegant, and florid ; 
but fomewhat too much ftudied, and defective in fimpli- 
city. It is confidered as of good authority for its faCts, 
and it is allowed that in many inftances he has been fuc- 
cefsful in pointing out the errors of Fra. Paolo ; but the 
political maxims difclofed in it gave great offence to per¬ 
sons even of the fame communion, and were commented 
upon by a French Janfenilt, in a work entitled “ Les 
nouvelles Lumieres Politiques pour le Gouvernement de 
l’Eglife, ou l’Evangile nouveau du Cardinal Pallavicin, 
revele par lui dans fon Hiftoire du Concile deTrente.” 
A translation of theHiftory into Latin, by fatherGiattini, 
was publiffied at Antwerp in 1672; one into French, 
which had been completed, did not appear, becaufe the 
Hiftory “was not in the French tafte.” The original 
work was abridged by father Puccinelli; and publications 
were made of maxims and charaClers extracted from it. 
This cardinal was the author of other works, partly 
afcetical and moral, partly theological. He alfo, while 
a Jefuit profe/for, publifhed a tragedy, entitled “ Erme- 
nigildo,” which he republifhed, with a Preliminary Dif- 
courfe, faid to be more valuable than the tragedy itfelf, 
but in which he unfuccefsfully contended for°the ufe of 
rhymed verfe in thefe compofitions. To him likewife 
belongs, a grammatical work entitled “ Avvertimenti 
Gramaticale,” publifhed under the name of Fr. Raimondo, 
and efteemed for its precepts refpeCling good writing. 
His “Letters,” in Italian, were publifhed in 1669. Tira- 
bofehi. 
PALLAVICl'NO (Ferrante), an unfortunate man of 
letters, was born at Placentia about 1615. Although 
the eldeft fon of his family, he chofe to devote himfelf to 
the ecclefiaftical ftate, and became a canon-regular of 
Auguftines of the congregation of Lateran. He diftin* 
guifhed himfelf by the vivacity of his parts, which gave 
him a turn to fittire, and was little reftrained by decency. 
This difpofition was at length the caufe of his ruin. 
During the war between pope Urban VIII. of the Bar- 
berini family, and Edward Farnefe duke of Parma and 
Placentia, he fupported the caufe of his own fevereign 
with his pen, and wrote fome bitter fatires againft the 
pontiff and all his hotife. Bent upon revenge, the papal 
court let a price upon his head,* which caufed him to 
withdraw to Venice, where he lived in fecurity. A young 
Frenchman, fon of a bookfieller at Paris, being bribed by 
the pope’s nuncio, obtained bis confidence, and perfi- 
dioufly advifed him to come to France, and take up his 
abode at Orange, where lie would be fafe under a pro- 
teftant prince. Pallavicino incautioufly put himfelf un¬ 
der the conduit of this pretended friend, who led him 
over the bridge on the Sorgue into the county of Ve- 
naiflin, belonging to the holy fee. As loon as he law the 
pope’s arms over the gate, he cried “I am undone !” and 
was immediately arretted by officers who were waiting 
lor him, who carried him to Avignon, where he was im- 
4 E prifoned. 
