PAL 
PAL 
him in the convent of Riggdagfhaufen, in 1716 ; and in 
1720 he nominated him his travelling-preacher. Three 
years afterwards Palm was made chaplain to the court of 
Wolfenbuttel, where he acquired the efteem of the duke 
and duchefs. In the year 1727 he accepted an invita¬ 
tion to become paftor of the church of St. Peter and St. 
Paul at Hamburg, where he fpent the remainder of his 
life, and was made reiffor of the academical inftitution in 
that city. He died in 17+3, when only forty-fix years of 
age. He was the author of, 1. Liber Hiftoricus de Codi- 
cibus Veteris et Novi Teftamenti quibus B. Lutherus in 
conficienda Interpretatione Germanica ufus eft, 1735, 
8vo. 2. Jefus the true Meftiah, 1731, 8vo. and various 
other works in the German language. 
PALM-BAR'LEY, f. A kind of grain fuller and 
broader than common barley. AJh. 
PALM I'SLANDS, a chain of ifiands near the north- 
eaft coaft of New Holland, extending about thirty miles 
in length, at the entrance of Halifax-bay. Lat. .18. 53. S. 
Ion. 213. 25. W. 
PALM-SUN'DAY. The Sunday next before Eafter is 
generally called Palm-Sunday , in commemoration of our 
Saviour’s triumphal entry into Jerufalem, when the mul¬ 
titude that attended him ftrewed palm-branches in his 
way ; in remembrance of which, palms were ufed to be 
borne here with us upon this day, till the fecond year of 
king Edward VI. Wheatly. 
Palms are ftill ufed on this day, particularly in Roman- 
catholic countries, at lead; where they can be got. The 
cuftom exifts even here in fome degree, as far as is con¬ 
fident with the nature of the climate. People go “ a- 
palming,” as they call it, early in the morning of that 
day ; but, finding nop«/nr-branches, they bring home fome 
fprigs of the withy (a fpecies of Salix) with its bloftoms, 
Thefe are called palms of courfe ; and, as the catkins of 
the withy refemble in fize and fhape one of the fpecies 
of hairy caterpillars, this has been called the palmer, or 
palmer-worm, which is very innocently defined by Dr, 
Johnfon “a worm fuppofed to be fo called becaufe he 
wanders over all plants.” Gleanings in Etymology. —See 
Palmer and Palmer-worm. 
PAL'MA, one of the Canary iflands, about fixty miles 
in circumference, anciently called Capraria, faid by 
fome to be from a volcano of that name, though other 
writers conjecture that both theiflandand mountain were 
fo called from the great number of goats bred here. It is 
agreed on all hands that the foil is fertile in corn, wine, 
and fugar-canes, as well as in fruits, quadrupeds, and 
birds of all kinds. Nuno de Penna relates, in his Hifto- 
rical Memoirs, that, on the 13th of November, 1675, a 
little after fun-fet, there was a violent earthquake felt 
for forty miles round the ifland, attended with a dread¬ 
ful node, that continued without intermiftion for five 
days ; during which the earth opened in horrible gaps in 
feveral places, but chiefly upon the Mountain of Goats, 
or Capraria, a mile and a half from the fea, from whence 
ifiued a violent fire and fierce flames, which vomited up 
great ftones and large pieces of rock. The fame thing 
happened in feveral adjacent places; and, in the fpace of 
fifteen minutes, no lefs than twenty-eight dreadful gulfs 
opened round the foot of the mountain; each of them 
throwing out flames, fmoke, and liquid fire. The fame 
author adds, that, on the 20th of November following, 
there was a fecond eruption of the mountain, which in 
the fame manner poured forth torrents of melted ftones 
and minerals, which ran for the diftance of twenty-one 
miles, where at this day large heaps of cinders are to be 
feen. All the neighbouring lands were entirely wafted, 
and the people in confequence forced to quit their habi¬ 
tations. 
This ifland has a handfome town of its own name, and 
a fafe harbour, well frequented by the fhipping of dif¬ 
ferent nations, which come hither for wines; thefe being 
reckoned equal to Malmfey, and by fome thought the 
Vol. XVIII. No. 1243. 
293 
heft of any produced in the Canaries. Thefe wines, and 
particularly what is made at a place called Brenin, are 
bought up with avidity ; and of this lalt there are ex¬ 
ported to the Weft-Indies, and elfewhere, at lead: 12,000 
pipes a-year. The number of inhabitants is eftimated at 
30,000. Lat. 28. 36. Ion. 18. W. 
PAL'MA, a town of South America, in the province 
of New Grenada, built in the year 1572 : thirty-fix miles 
north-weft of Santa Fe de Bogota. 
PAL'MA, a town of Naples, in the province of Lavora : 
fourteen miles eaft of Capua. 
PAL'MA, or Palme, a town of Naples, in the pro¬ 
vince of Calabria Ultra, near the fea, deftroyed by an 
earthquake. This place was a great mart for oil, of which 
there were, at the time of the deftruftion, upwards of 
4000 barrels, which, being broken, the oil ran into the fea 
for fome hours : eleven miles weft-north-weft of Oppido. 
PAL'MA, a town of Sicily, in the valley of Mazara, 
firft built in the year 1637, by one of the family of Chiavo 
Monte. In the neighbourhood there is a rich fulphur- 
mine. The number of inhabitants is about 6000. Not 
far from Palma, on a lake near the fea, white partridges 
are found. It is fix miles fouth of Naro. 
PAL'MA, a town of Spain, in the province of Cor¬ 
dova, on the Guadalquiver: twenty-feven miles fouth- 
weft of Cordova. 
PAL'MA, a town of Portugal, in Eftretnadura, on the 
right fide of the river Cadaon : eighteen miles eaft of Se- 
tuval. 
PAL'MA, a river of Brafil, which runs into the To- 
cantin in lat. 14. 16. S. 
PAL'MA. See Majorca, vol. xiv. p. 168. 
PAL'MA (Giacopo), called The Old, an eminent Ita¬ 
lian painter, was born at Serinalta, in the territory of Ber¬ 
gamo. The date of his birth has been fixed by Lacombe 
at 1540 ; but Mr. Fuleli has given reafons for fuppofing 
that this period is much too late. He was fent at an early 
age to ftudy in the-fchool of Titian at Venice; and he 
imitated the delicacy of touch and foftnefs of colouring 
ol his mafter with fo much fuccefs, that he was appointed 
to finilh a Defcent from the Crofs left imperfeft by Titian. 
He alfo copied the vivacity of colour and breadth of 
ftiade of Giorgione in his greateft performances. The 
works of the elder Palma are much efteemed for the noble 
tafte of their compofition, the natural and pleafing ex- 
preflion, the graceful airs of the heads, the union and 
harmony of colouring, and the delicacy of finilhing. 
They are fometimes, however, faulty in point of cor- 
reCtnefs of drawing. His fineft pieces were fome of the 
earlieft ; and he fell oft’ confiderably in his later perform¬ 
ances, though he died at the age of forty-eight. 
PAL'MA (Giacopo), called The Young, great-nephew 
of the preceding, has been ftyled by Lanzi “ the laft 
painter of the good, and the firft of the bad, epochs of the 
art at Venice.” He was born in 1544, the fon of Anto¬ 
nio Palma, an obfcure painter, who firft taught him the 
little he knew, and encouraged him to ftudy the works 
of others, particularly thofe of Tintoretto and Titian. 
At the age of fifteen he obtained the patronage of the 
duke of Urbino, who fent him to Rome, and maintained 
him there for eight years, during which time he employed 
himfelf in copying the works of M. Angelo, of Raphael, 
and, above all, ofPolidoro; and was employed by the 
pope to adorn one of the rooms of the Vatican. On his 
return to Venice he found but little employment, Tin¬ 
toretto and Paolo Veronefe occupying the places of re¬ 
nown, and being engaged in all the public works. Their 
difagreement with a celebrated architect and fculptor 
named Vittoria, furnilhed Palma with a patron,, who, en¬ 
deavouring to lower the efteem of his enemies, ufed his ut- 
moft efforts to eftablifli the rival painter, aflifted him with 
his advice, and found him employment. Their united 
endeavours failed however of fuccefs ; and Palma was 
obliged to be contented to hold the third rank in the art 
4 F tiU 
