316 PAN 
lateral ones gradually lefs, drawn to a point at each end, 
especially on the outfide, acute, flat, firm, obfcurely 
veined, of a fliining golden colour underneath, as in 
Chryfophyllum Cainito, Smooth and even above; the 
full-grown ones a foot long, ovate at the bafe, nerved, 
obfcurely veined, fubcoriaceous, even, glaucefcent un¬ 
derneath towards the edge, with a Somewhat unequal re- 
pand edge, very much attenuated. Petioles round ; thofe 
of the more advanced leaves a foot long, widening at the 
bafe: the partial ones three inches long: both fmooth: 
thofe of the younger leaves fhorter. Umbels peduncled : 
rays commonly eight, Sometimes but feldotn from nine to 
thirteen, a quarter of an inch in length, and Spreading 
very much. Flowers Small; calyx only a very fliort Su¬ 
perior rim, obfcurely five-toothed. Found by Aublet in 
Guiana, and Ryan in theifland of Trinidad. 
8. Panax fruticofum, or flirubby compound-leaved gin- 
feng: leaves fuper-decompound, tooth-ciliate; Item 
flirubby. This is an upright flirub, fix feet high, with a 
thick juicy unarmed item, and oblique branches. Leaves 
bipinnate, with an odd one: leaflets laciniate-ferrate, 
imooth : primary petioles long, Swelling at the bafe, em¬ 
bracing, purple, even. Flowers red and green, termina¬ 
ting, inadiffufed panicle, ending in umbels, on a long 
purple ftriated peduncle ; antherae oblong, two-celled, 
incumbent, before the flower expands inclofed in the 
grooves of the petals. Loureiro did not find any male 
flower. Native of the ifland of Ternate. Cultivated in 
China and Cochinchina; where the root and leaves are 
ufed in medicine. The plant has a ftrong Smell and pe¬ 
netrating tafle. It is reputed to be diuretic, and to be of 
Service in the dropfy, dyfury, gonorrhcea, &c. 
9. Panax fimplex, or fimple-leaved ginfeng : leaves al¬ 
ternate, lanceolate, ferrate ; umbels compound. Native of 
New Zealand. 
10. Panax horrid um, or palmate prickly-leaved ginfeng: 
leaves Simple, alternate, palmate, Serrated, with prickly 
ribs ; ftem flirubby, very prickly. Gathered by Mr. Ar¬ 
chibald Menzies, at Nootka Sound, on the welt coaft of 
North America. The branches are round, leafy, liifpid, 
befet with innumerable yellow prickles, mod crowded 
about the infection of each leaf. Leaves on long, fur¬ 
rowed, prickly,fomewhat-downy, footftalks, heart-ftiaped, 
a Span wide, deeply-lobed, fliarply cut and Serrated, of a 
fine green; fmooth and veiny above, paler beneath. 
Flowers numerous, in a terminal hifpid duller or Spike, 
Ihorter than the leaves, whofe lower branches are much 
elongated, imperfedlly umbellate, bearing many crowded 
yellowifli flowers, chiefly male, their ftamens being large 
and confpicuous, their Styles Small or deficient. The up¬ 
per part of the duller confills of crowded, imperfeflly- 
umbellate, female flowers, each with two rather fpread- 
ing Styles, and blunt Simple lligmas, but few or no Ha- 
mens. 
Propagation and Culture. Ginfeng has been introduced 
into the Englilh gardens from America, and where it has 
been planted in a lhady Situation and a light foil, and the 
plants have thriven and produced flowers, and ripened 
their feeds annually, but not one of thefe feeds have 
grown. Mr. Miller fays, “ I have Sown them feveral 
years Soon after they were ripe without any fuccefs ; I have 
alfo fown the feeds from America feveral times in-various 
Situations, and have not raifed a Angle plant: and by the 
accounts which the miflionaries have fent from China, it 
appears that they have had no better fuccefs with the 
feeds of this plant; So that I believe there is a neceffity 
for the hermaphrodite plants to have Some male plants 
near them, to render the feeds prolific ; for, all thofe plants 
which I have Seen, or faved feeds from, had hermaphrodite 
flowers ; and, though the feeds Seemed to ripen perfectly, 
yet their not growing, though I have waited three years 
without difturbing the ground, confirms me in the opi¬ 
nion.” This account agrees with that of Loureiro given 
above; and fltows that the flowers, which are apparently 
PAN 
hermaphrodite, are imperfeft. It is a ftrong confirmation 
of the Sexual fyftem, and would be a proper fubjefl of ex¬ 
periment in the countries where this plant grows natu¬ 
rally. See Ferula, Heracleum, Laserpitium, Pas- 
tinaca, and Thapsia. 
PANAY', an ifland of Alia, and one of the Philippines, 
lying betwen thofe of Paragoa and Negro. It is 180 miles 
in circumference, and is the moll populous and fertile of 
them all. It is watered by a great number of rivers and 
brooks, and produces a great quantity of rice. Its (hape 
is triangular. The names of its principal capes are Potol, 
Nafo, and Bulacabi. The middle of the ifland is in the 
latitude of ten degrees. On the north fide, almoll in the 
middle between the two capes of Potol and Bulacabi, the 
famous river Panay falls into the fea; and the mouth of 
the harbour is covered by a Small ifland called Lutayu, in 
which port the Spaniards had a Safe retreat before they 
discovered and conquered Manilla and Gavite. The fer¬ 
tility of Panay is caufed by the many rivers that water it, 
for there is no travelling a league without meeting a river ; 
but more particularly by the Panay, which gives its name 
to the ifland, and runs a courfe of forty leagues. The 
ifland contains about 16,360 tributary Indians, partly be¬ 
longing to the king, and partly to particular lords; but 
they all pay in rice, the ifland producing 100,000 bulhels, 
Spanifli meafure, and but little other grain. The inhabit¬ 
ants are flout and lufty, induilrious farmers, and expert 
huntfmen, the country being full of wdld boars and deer. 
The women make cloth of feveral colours. Befides the 
tributary Indians, there are here thofe blacks the Spaniards 
call Negrilloes, who were the firft inhabitants of the 
ifland, and afterwards driven into the thick woods by the 
Bifayas who conquered it. Their hair is not So ftift’curled, 
nor are they fo flout and ftrong, as the Guinea blacks: 
they live in the moft uncouth parts of the mountains 
with their wives and children, all naked like beafts. They 
are fo fwift, that they often overtake wild boars and deer. 
They flay about the dead bead as long as it lafts ; for they 
have no other fubfiflence but what they acquire with their 
bow and arrows. Lat. 11. 15. N. Ion. 122. 33. E. 
PANAYAS', a town of Portugal, in Alentejo : fix 
miles north-weft of Ourique. 
PAN'BRIDE, a town of Scotland in the county of 
Angus. In the reign of Malcolm I. a battle was fought 
here between the Scots and the Danes, in which the latter 
were defeated with great lofs, and their general killed : ten 
miles eaft of Dundee. 
PAN'CAKE, j. Thin pudding drefled in the frying- 
pan.—A certain knight fwore by his honour they were 
good pancakes, and fwore by his honour the muftard was 
naught. Shakefpeare. 
PANCA'LE, or Pancalie'r, a town of Italy, on the 
Po: twelve miles fouth of Turin, and five fouth-weft of 
Carmagnola. 
PANC AR'PUS, f. A fort of fpe< 5 tacle or fliow, which 
the Roman emperors frequently exhibited to the people. 
The word is formed from the Greek no-t, all, and xagTro?, 
fruit; whence the name was alfo given by the Athe¬ 
nians to a facrifice in which all kinds of fruits were 
offered. 
The pancarpus of the Romans was a kind of chace, or 
hunt; for the performance whereof, a number of beafts, 
as hares, deer, bullocks, &c. were Unit up in the circus, 
or amphitheatre ; into which trees were frequently tranf- 
planted, foas to form a kind of foreft, wherein the beafts 
were let loofe ; whence the pancarpus was alfo called Jylva. 
The beafts were thus abandoned to the people, i. e. to all 
who were difpofed to (hare in the pleafures of the chace, 
who purfued, (hot, killed, and cut in pieces, all they 
could lay hold of. Heliogabalus, the Gordians, and 
Probus, gave this diverlion very frequently; and it con¬ 
tinued till the time of the emperor Jullinian, in the fixth 
century. 
PANCAW'IR, a town of Hindooftan, in the Maiwa, 
country 5 
