324 
PAN 
PAN 
the roots fhould be planted nine inches or a foot afunder 
every way, and five inches deep in the ground. If the 
plants are propagated by feeds, they fhould be fown in 
pots filled with light earth foon after they are ripe : 
thefe pots fhould be placed under a hot-bed frame in 
winter, but the glaffes muft be taken off every day in 
mild weather. For the other management, fee Narcissus. 
PAN'CREAS, J'. [ttccv, and zpa;, fiefh.] The pancreas, 
err fweet-bread, is a gland of the conglomerate fort, fitua- 
ted between the bottom of the ftomach and the vertebrae 
of the loins : it lies acrofs the abdomen, reaching from 
the liver to the fpleen, and is ftrongly tied to the perito¬ 
naeum, from which it receives its common membranes. 
It weighs commonly four or five ounces. It is about fix 
fingers’ breadth long, two broad, and one thick. Its fub- 
ftance is a little foft and fupple. Quincy. 
PANCREAT'IC, adj. Contained in the pancreas.— 
The bile is fo acrid, that nature has furnifhed the paii- 
creatic juice to temper its bitternefs. Arbuthnot. 
Pancreatic Juice, an infipid limpid juice, or hu¬ 
mour, feparated from the blood, and prepared in the pan¬ 
creas. See Anatomy, vol. i. 
This juice is not acid, as mod authors have fuppofed ; 
nor alkaline, as fome authors have thought; but a little 
fialine, and much refembling the faliva in its origin,-vef- 
fels, and properties. It is carried by the pancreatic du6t 
into the duodenum, where it ferves to dilute the chyle, 
to render it more fluid, and fit to enter the mouths of the 
lafteals ; and perhaps to temper and dilute the bile, to 
change its vifcidity, bitternefs, colour, &c. and make it 
mix with the chyle, in order to reduce the feveral taftes, 
odours, and properties, of the feveral foods, into one ho¬ 
mogeneous one. The du£t is always found empty after 
death. 
In the controverfies about the nature of the pancreatic 
juice in the feventeenth century, numerous dogs were 
ffaughtered without any very interefting refults being ob¬ 
tained. De Graaf placed tubes in the pancreatic dudls 
of living dogs : phials were connected to the oppofite end 
of them. In this way he collefted two drachms, half 
an ounce, and even an ounce, in eight hours. Schuyl 
procured two and three drachms in two hours. (See De 
Graaf de Succi Pancreatici natura et ufu ; and Schuyl de 
Veteri Medicina.) Brunner attempted to cut out the 
gland, or to tie the duff, in dogs. (Experimenta nova 
circa Pancreas.) Thefe tortures were infliffed in the at¬ 
tack and defence of a doffrine promulgated by Sylvius de 
Boe, and very generally adopted, that the pancreatic 
liquor was acid, and the bile alkaline, and that their mix¬ 
ture occalioned a fermentation in the ftomach, by which 
chylification was effeffed ! Thefe notions were employed 
in explaining difeafe : the cold ftage of fever was aferibed 
to the acid pancreatic juice, and alkaline remedies were 
ordered to correct it. After all, as we are ignorant of 
the quantity and exaft nature of this fecretion, we can¬ 
not be expected to explain what fliare it has in the changes 
which our food undergoes in thejalimentary canal. Hal¬ 
ler's JElementa Phyjiologia, lib. 22. Siebold's Hiftoria Syf- 
tematis Salivalis, 1797. 
PANCSO'VA, a town and fortrefs of Hungary, on the 
north fide of the Danube, in the bannat of Temefvar. 
In the year 1789, this town was burned by the Auftrians, 
to prevent its. affording a harbour to the Turks: eight 
miles north of Belgrade, and forty-three fouth-fouth-weft 
of Temefvar. Lat. 45. 15. N. Ion. 20. 16. E. 
PANCTOU', a town 0/Thibet: feventy miles north- 
north-eaft of Lafta. 
PAN'CY, or Pansy, f. [corrupted, I fuppofe, from 
panacey; panacea. Dr. JohiJon. —It is the French pcufle, 
as Dr. Johnfon in a note on Hamlet admits ; the name 
of the Viola tricolor. “ It probably obtained the name of 
perifle, thought or fancy, from its fanciful appearance ; 
the fame circumftance which induced Milton to call it 
‘the pan fy freak'd with jet,’ that is, fancifully touched 
with black.” Nares’s Elem. of Orthoepy, p. 305. Todd.'] 
4 
A flower ; a kind of violet.—There is panfies, that’s for 
thoughts. Sluike/peare s Hamlet. 
From the brute beafts humanity I learn’d, 
And in the panfy's life God’s providence discern’d. Hantc. 
The daughters of the flood have fearch’d the mead 
For violets pale, and cropp’d the poppy’s head ; 
Fancies to pleafe the fight, and caftia fvveet to fmell. 
Dryden. 
PAN'DA, in mythology, a goddefs who. was invoked 
and honoured as the protedlrefs of travellers and naviga¬ 
tors. The goddefs of peace was alfo called Panda, be- 
caufe file opened the gates of cities which were fhut in’ 
time of war. According to Varro, Panda is a furname 
of Ceres, derived a pane dando , becaufe (lie gave bread 
to mankind. 
PAN'DA, a town on the north coaft of the ifiand of 
Cumbava. Lat. 8. 27. S. Ion. 118. 48. E. 
PANDACA'QUI, J'. in botany. See Chiococca. 
PANDAsMO'NIUM, f. [from the Gr. mu, all, and 
Scayoviov, a demon.] The great hall or council-chamber 
of the fallen angels., Milton. 
PANDA'IA, or Pantaia, a town on the north coaft 
of the illand of Cyprus, in a bay to which it gives name: 
twenty-eight miles weft of Nicofia. 
PANDANG', a town on the weft coaft of the ifland of 
Celebes. Lat. 3. 33. S. Ion. 120.E. 
PANDANG CO'CHIN, a town on the fouth-weft coaft 
of Sumatra. Lat. 4. 36. S. Ion. 102. 57. E. 
PAN'DANUS, f. [a name adopted by Linnaeus from 
Rumphius, wdio fabricated it from the Malay pandang, 
which fignifies “ to behold,” and which.is fuppofed to al¬ 
lude either to the beauty of the tree in queftion, or to its 
confpicuous appearance at a diftance.] In botany, a ge¬ 
nus of the clafs dioecia, order monandria. Generic cha¬ 
racters—I. Male. Calyx: fpathes alternate, feflile, fer- 
rate-fpiny. Spadix decompound, naked. Perianthium, 
proper none. Corolla: none. Stamina: filaments very 
many, folitary, placed fcatteringly on the outer ramifica¬ 
tions of the fpadix, very fhort. Antherae oblong, acute, 
ereCt. II. Female. Calyx : fpathes four, terminating, 
converging. Spadix globular, covered with numerous 
fructifications, fcarcely included 5 perianthium none. 
Corolla: none. Piltillum : germs numerous, aggregate, 
feflile, five-cornered, convex at top, fmooth ; ftyle none ; 
ftigmas two, cordate, margined. Pericarpium : fruit fub- 
globular, large, confifting of numerous wedge-fhaped 
drupes, convex at top, angular, farinaceous, one-feeded. 
Seed folitary, oval, even, in the centre of the drupe.— 
Effential Charafter. Calyx and corolla none. Male: An- 
thene feflile, inferted into the ramifications of the fpadix. 
Female: Stigmas two 5 fruit compound. 
1. Pandanus odoratiffimus, fweet-feented pandanus, 
orferew-pine : trunk throwing out runners ; drupes obo- 
vate at the fummit. The pandanus is generally in the 
form of a very large branching fpreading bufti ; but now- 
and-then a plant may be found with a lingle and pretty- 
erecl trunk of ten feet in height, and a branching round 
head. From the ftems, or larger branches, iftue large car- 
rot-fhaped blunt roots, defeending till they come to the 
ground, and then dividing. The fubftance of the molt 
fiolid is fomething like that of a cabbage-ftalk, and by age 
acquires a woody hardnefs on the outiide. Leaves con¬ 
fluent, ftem-clafping, clofely imbricated in three fpiral 
rows, round the extremities of the branches, bowing, 
from three to five feet long, tapering to a very long fine 
triangular point, very fmooth and glofl’y, margins and 
back armed with very fine fharp fpines; thofe on the mar¬ 
gins point forward, thofe of the back point fometimes 
one way, fometimes the other. The male flowers are in 
a large pendulous compound leafy raceme, the leaver of 
which are white, linsar-oblong, pointed, and concave ; in 
the axil of each, there is a Angle thyrfe of fimple fmall 
racemes of long-pointed dependent antherae ; they are 
not feflile, but raifed from the rachis of the raceme by ta¬ 
pering 
