P A N I C U M. 
cle. Native of Virginia, and other parts of North America. 
Introduced in 1781, by Mr, William Curtis. It flowers 
in Auguft and September. 
71. Panicum patens, or fpreading panic-grafs : panicle 
oblong flexuofe capillary fpreading, calyxes two-flowered, 
leaves linear-lanceolate, culm rooting. Native of the 
Eaft Indies. This, or one like it, is alfo found in 
Portugal. 
72. Panicum trigonum, or triangular-feeded panic- 
grafs : panicle ereft, peduncles two-flowered, calyxes ob- 
tufe hifpid one-flowered, feeds three-cornered. Culms a 
fpan high, proftrate, leafy, rooting. Leaves fmooth, nar¬ 
row. Native of the Eafl; Indies : found by Koenig. 
73. Panicum pallens, or pale panic-grafs : panicle com¬ 
pound ovate, branches cluftered ereft, fpikelets ovate 
fubulate, culm fubdivided jointed, leaves ovate-lanceo¬ 
late, (heaths ciliate on the neck and at the edge. Culm 
from one to two feet high, round, leafy, fubdivided at the 
joints, grooved, ftriated. Native of Jamaica, among other 
grafs in woods. 
74. Panicum lanatum, or woolly panic-grafs : panicle 
compound ereft fmooth, fpikelets ovate, culm branched, 
leaves ovate-lanceolate pubefcent, (heaths lanuginofe- 
hirfute. Culm a fathom in height at molt, round, pubef¬ 
cent. Branches divaricating, leafy, hirfute. Leaves acu¬ 
minate, half a foot long, fpreading, ftriated, lanuginofe- 
hirfute, foft. Panicles half a foot long, with fpreading 
flexuofe fmooth branches. Native of Jamaica. 
75. Panicum arundinaceum, or reedy panic-grafs : pa¬ 
nicle compound fpreading, branches and branchlets (tiff 
capillary, fpikelets roundifh, culm fubdivided jointed, 
leaves broad-lanceolate acuminate rigid. Culm a fathom 
in height, ereft, round, leafy, fmooth. Native of Ja¬ 
maica, in the high mountains near Coldfpring in St. 
Andrew’s parifti. 
76. Panicum glutinofum, or glutinous panic-grafs: 
Panicle compound fpreading, branches flexuofe, fpikelets 
pedicelled diftant glutinous, culm ereft Ample, leaves 
broader. Culm three or four feet high, fmooth, leafy. 
Leaves broad-lanceolate, an inch in breadth, more than 
a foot in length, acuminate, ereft, rounded at the bafe, 
hairy, ciliate at the edge, marked with lines, (mooth, 
fomewhat rugged underneath. Panicle almoft a foot 
long, ereft. Native of Jamaica, in the fouthern parts, in 
the woods of the higheft mountains. It is there called 
ginger-grafs, on account of the width of the leaves. The 
great clamminefs of the fpikelets, whence its trivial name, 
is peculiar to this fpecies. 
77. Panicum radicans, or rooting panic-grafs: pani- 
cled, culm branching rooting, the bafe of the leaves and 
the (heaths longitudinally ciliate. This grafs is a foot 
high, (lender, fmooth. Culm leafy up to the panicle, de¬ 
cumbent, putting forth long, very Ample, folitary, root¬ 
ing fibres at the joints. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, 
an inch and a half in length, having long white hairs at 
the bafe on both edges. Panicle two inches long, (lender, 
upright. Flowers (mall, pedur.cled, oblique, blunt, pur¬ 
ple, naked. It refembles P. trigonum, even in the (hape 
of the feed. Gathered near Canton in China, by 
Wennerberg. 
78. Panicum trichoides, or hair-like panic-grafs : pa¬ 
nicle very much branched, fpreading; branches and 
branchlets fubdivided, capillary ; culm declined, jointed ; 
leaves ovate-lanceolate, very fmooth. Culm one foot 
high to two feet, fometimes rooting, fubdivided at the 
bafe, loofe, round, fmooth, leafy.; knots approximating, 
fmooth. Leaves acute, rounded and oblique at the bale, 
entire, fpreading, ftriated. On comparing feveral fpeci- 
mens of P. brevifolium, from the Eaft Indies, with the 
Jamaica-grafs, they do not appear to be diftinft, although 
the latter is larger and more fpreading, and with the 
glumes fcarcely blunter. Calyxes in both two-flowered, 
and the leaves wider or narrower. Some other fpecies 
have ihort leaves; and therefore Linnaeus’s trivial name 
Vol. XVIII. No. 1247. 
337 
of brevifolium is a bad one : trichoides is very defcriptive 
of the panicle in this fpecies. 
( 3 . Milium capillare of Rottboell. Aft. Hafn. a778. 
271. which is P. capillare of Rolander, feems to be only 
a variety of this; the third calycine glume, of which 
thofe two authors deny the exiftence, is found in many 
of the fpikelets, though extremely (lender. All the parts 
are larger in this variety, except the fpikelets, which are 
very fmall ; the (heaths are very fmooth, but the leaves 
are pubefcent. Dr. Patrick Browne calls it J'maller wood~ 
grafs, and fays it is very common in the woods of Jamaica, 
agreeing for the moft part with the Guinea-grafs both in 
the arrangement and formation of its flowers. The (talk 
and leaves are excellent fodder for all forts of cattle, and 
the feeds ferve to feed fmall birds. 
79. Panicum divaricatum, or ftraddling panic-grafs : 
panicles fliort, awnlefs ; culm very much branched and 
extremely divaricating; pedicels two flowered, one (hotter. 
Native of Jamaica. 
80. Panicum hirfutum, or fliaggy panic-grafs : panicle 
compound, capillary, fpreading; culms and (heaths 
briftly - hirfute; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, nerve;!, 
drift. Culm four or five feet in height, Ample, round, 
leafy. Leaves broadifti, two feet long, ereft. Sheaths 
clofe, grooved-ftriated. Panicle a foot long, ereft. Spike- 
lets pedicelled, fomewhat remote, fmall, pale-green. 
Valves of the corolla in the hermaphrodite floret ovate, 
acute, white; antherse purple; ftigmas feathered, whi- 
tifh. In the neuter, outer valve of the corolla like the 
inner of the calyx; inner more tender, whitifh. It is very 
nearly allied to P. maximum, (N° 57.) differing chiefly in 
its (hagginefs. 
Swartz has another fpecies from Jamaica, which he 
names P. cafpitofnm, very nearly allied to grofl'arium, (N° 
56.) but that has the culm more ereft, large, and drift ; 
the fpikes panicled, more numerous and approximating; 
with cluftered, larger fpikelets. 
Thunberg alfo has a fpecies from the Cape of Good 
Hope, not enumerated above; Panicum caudatum, which 
he thus charafterifes: Panicle fubfpiked contrafted 
or fqueezed clofe, flowers folitary, glumes fmooth, 
acute. 
We are obliged to Retzius and Swartz for the greater 
part of the above fpecies, which are natives either of the 
Eaft or Weft Indies. The former has, in his fecond faf- 
ciculus, a fpecies, which he names P. Caffrorum. It is 
called Cafferkorn at the Cape, and may be of the genus 
Holcus. In his fifth fafciculus, p. 18. N° 34. he has 
P. hifpidulum, lent by Koenig from the Eaft Indies, 
which he fays is nearly allied to P. ftagninum, but is dif¬ 
ferent from it. The corolla is acuminate and hermaphro¬ 
dite; between the corolla and the long-awned valve 
of the calyx there is a hyaline petal, as in that; but 
in this there are no ftamens, nor is there any rudiment 
of a piftil. 
Propagation and Culture. 7, 8. The feeds of thefe forts 
may be (own in the fpring, at the fame time as barley is 
(own ; and may be managed exaftly in the fame way; but 
they (hould not be (own too thick, for thefe feeds are very 
fmall; arid the plants grow ftronger, therefore require 
more room. The German fort does not grow above three 
feet high, unlefs it is fown on very rich land, in which 
cafe it will rife to be four feet high ; but the leaves and 
ftems of this corn are very large, and therefore require to 
Hand four or five inches apart, otherwife they will grow 
up weak, and come to little. Thefe large-growing corns 
(hould be fown in drills at about eighteen inches apart, 
fo that the ground may be hoed between the rows, to 
keep them clear from weeds, and the ftirring of the ground 
will greatly improve the corn. In Auguft the corn will 
ripen, when it may be cut down and dried, and then 
(hould be houfed. The Italian panic grows much larger 
than the German, and produces much larger fpikes; fo 
this (hould be allowed more room to grow, otherwife it 
4 R w ili 
