338 P A N 
will come to little. This is alfo later before it ripens, fo 
it is not very proper for cold countries. 
Moll of the other forts are natives of very warm coun¬ 
tries, where fome are uied by the inhabitants to make 
bread. Thefe grow very large, and require a good fum- 
mer, otherwife they will not ripen in this country. The 
feeds fhould be fo.wn the latter end of March, or the be¬ 
ginning of April, on a moderate hot-bed ; and the plants 
faouId be planted out, when grown to a proper lize, upon 
a bed of light rich earth, in a warm fituation. They 
fhould be planted in rows about three feet afunder, and 
the plants mull be kept clear from weeds. When the 
plants are grown pretty tall, they fhould be fupported by 
flakes ; otherwife the winds will break them down ; and, 
when the corn begins to ripen, the birds mufi be kept 
from it, otherwife they will foon defiroy it. Thefe are 
preferved in fome curious gardens for the fake of variety, 
but they are not worth cultivating for ufe in England. 
22. Scotch-grafs is propagated in Jamaica by thejoints 
or root, and fet in fmall drilled holes about two feet and 
a half afunder. The young fhoots begin to appear in a 
few days; and, as they grow, they fpread and creep along 
the ground, calling a few roots, and throwing out frefh 
fhoots from every joint, as they run ; thefe foon fupply 
the land, and fill the field with Handing plants, winch 
alone are generally cut. It is fit to cut in fix months 
from the firft planting, and 6very month or fix weeks 
after, if the feafon fall in kindly, and due care be taken 
to keep the ground free from weeds. An acre of good 
ground, well Hocked with this grafs, near Kingfion or 
Spanifh-town, is computed to bring in above 120I. a-year; 
and when-once planted holds many years : but, when the 
main flalk or root grows hard or woody, the younger 
fhoo'ts do not pufh fo luxuriantly, and they are then 
obliged to plant anew ; this however is eafy, being done 
gradually, i’or the pieces are generally fupplied as they 
clean them, by throwing up every Hubbed or falling root 
they find, planting a few joints in the place. 
50. The common millet was originally brought from 
the eafiern countries, where it is Hill greatly cultivated, 
from whence we are furnifhed annually with this grain, 
which is by many perfons greatly efleemed for puddings, 
&c.-but is feldom cultivated in England in quantity, but 
by way of cnriofity in fmall gardens, for feeding of poul¬ 
try; but the feeds generally ripen very well. They muH 
be fown the beginning of April, upon a warm dry foil, 
but not too thick, becaufe thefe plants divide into feveral 
branches, and lliould have much room; and, when they 
come up, they fhould be cleared from weeds, after which 
they will, in a fhort time, get the better of them, and 
prevent their future growth. In Atigull thefe feeds will 
ripen, when it mull be cut down, and beaten out, as is 
praftifed for other grain ; but when it begins to ripen, 
if it be not protedled from birds, they will foon de¬ 
vour it. 
57. Guinea-grafs is increafed in the fame manner, but 
does not require near fo much moifiure, and is reckoned 
a more hearty fodder. It is not fo much cultivated as it 
ought to be. The lands about the towns are too lubjedl 
to drought to produce it in any perfection ; and in the 
other parts of tl;e country they are too indolent to beat 
the trouble of planting it; not confidering how much 
time and labour is loll in feeking for ocher fodder, 
which is not fo good, and cannot fo eafily be obtained ; 
nor do they conlider the Ioffes they fuftain in llock, for 
the want of abundance of good wholefome food. See 
Akdrotogon, Alopecurus, Cynosurus, Holcus, 
and Paspalum. 
PANIEFOU'LE, a lake of Africa, in Hoval, which 
communicates with the Senegal in lat. 16.40. N. 
PANIC ARO'LA (Jerome), an Italian prelate, and one 
of the ntoH celebrated preachers in the lixteenth century, 
was defcended from a noble family, and born at Milan 
in 1548. He difcovered early proofs of extraordinary 
genius and abilities; and, befides an uncommon facility 
PAN 
in acquiring knowledge, poffeffed furprifing powers of 
memory, which enabled him to retain whatever he learn¬ 
ed. Being foon lent to the univerfity of Pavia, he difiin- 
guifned himfelf by the rapidity of his progrefs in learning, 
while at the fame time he rendered himfelf notorious for 
his irregularities and turbulent fpirit. Never was there 
any dillurbance in the univerfity, but Panigarola would 
be found concerned in it; and fcarcely a night paffed, 
in which; at the head of the pupils from Milan, he was 
not engaged in quarrels and battles with the fludentsfrom 
Placentia, Pavia, or fome other place. At length his 
exceffes proceeded to fuch a length, that the lenate of 
Milan ordered his father to withdraw him from Pavia. 
He was now fent to Bologna, where for fome time he ren¬ 
dered himfelf notorious for his amours and debaucheries; 
but fuddenly and mofi unexpectedly an entire change 
took place in his difpofition, and he exprefied a Hrong in¬ 
clination for embracing the monafiic life 5 and, having 
overcome the repugnance of his father, w'ho entertained 
other view's for him, he took the habit of St. Francis at 
Florence, in 1567, w'hen he was nineteen years of age. 
In this new career he became quite an altered man, and 
his whole delight confided in the mod regular and punc¬ 
tual obfervance of the duties of thecloifier, and affiduous 
Hudy. In the year 1570, the guardian of his convent, 
who was engaged to preach the lent-fermons at Sarzana, 
having fallen lick, direCled Panigarola to become his fub- 
Hitute. Though then only twenty-two years of age, he 
difplayed fuch powers of eloquence, that the knights of 
the military order of St. Stephen at Pifa would have him 
for their advent-preacher ; and, in the following year, the 
grand-duke Cofmo appointed him to preach the lent-fer¬ 
mons in thecathedral at Florence. When he hadfinilhed 
this courfe of fermons, to the univerfal fatisfaftion of 
his crowded auditory, he went to Rome, where a chapter- 
general of his order was held, and where all ranks were 
charmed with his imprefiive preaching. Pope Pius V. 
heard him, and was adonilhed; but, well knowing that 
fo young an orator Hood in need of a more perfedl ac¬ 
quaintance with divinity, the facred fcriptures, and the 
fathers, than it was poflible for him to have already ac¬ 
quired, recommended it to him to devote fome time to 
clofe Hudy; and, as he was likely to be perpetually inter¬ 
rupted by folicitations to fill the pulpit in Italy, he ad vifed 
him to go to France, and attend the profeflors at the uni¬ 
verfity of Paris. 
Panigarola followed the advice of his holinefs, and 
Hudied with the utmofi diligence during two years ; after 
which he refumed his pulpit-labours, and preached at 
firfi to the Italians who were fettled at Lyons, and after¬ 
wards to his numerous countrymen whom commercial 
purfuits had drawn to Antwerp. Upon his return to 
Italy, his celebrity became fo great, that there was no 
church fufliciently large to accommodate the 1 crowds who 
were attracted by his preaching; and, when he was upon 
a journey, he could fcarcely pafs through any city or 
town, without being compelled fo far to fatisfy the people 
as to give them at leafi one ferrnon. Being at Rome in 
the year-1586, he was confecrated titular bifhop of Chry- 
fopolis, and appointed coadjutor to the bilhopof Ferrara, 
at the infiance of the duke, who by that means hoped to 
fix his reiidence in that city. I11 lefs than three months, 
however, he received an order to quit Ferrara and the 
duchy; which difgrace he attributed to the intrigues of 
a miniller, who, jealous of the great credit which he en¬ 
joyed at court, was fo artful as to perfuade the duke, 
that he betrayed the fecrets of Hate to cardinal Ferdinand 
de Medici. Pie went immediately to Rome ; and was 
received with great kindnefs by pope Sixtus V. who ap¬ 
pointed him to preach at St. Peter’s in the year 1587. In 
the fame year Charles-Emmanuel, duke of Savoy, granted 
him a nomination to the bifhopric of Afii in Piedmont, 
which Sixtus readily confirmed. In 1589, the fame pon¬ 
tiff fent our prelate into France, to encourage the party 
of the League againft Henry IV. He was prefent at the 
