PAN 
330 
PAN 
liege of Paris, and employed all his eloquence in anima¬ 
ting the Parifians to fubmit cheerfully to the privations 
and miferies which they fuffered during the memorable 
blockade of their city. When Henry railed the fiege, 
Panigarola returned to Afia, where, while he was oc¬ 
cupied in corredting a number of abufes which had 
crept into his diocefe, he died in 1594., when only forty- 
lix years of age. It was the very general opinion, that 
he fell a facrifice to poifon adminiftered by thofe who 
dreaded the reforms which he was intent on introducing. 
His molt celebrated productions conlilt of feveral volumes 
of “ Sermons,” in Latin and Italian, which are entitled 
to be ranked with the belt fpecimens of facred eloquence 
among the orators of Italy in the fifteenth century. 
Notwithflanding the premature age at which he died, and 
his numerous engagements, he found time forthecompofi- 
tion of various other theological pieces, as commentaries, 
thefes, orations, and poems ; alfo “ Paraphrafi fopra De- 
metrio Falerio, &c.” confiding of a learned commentary 
upon the treatife of Demetrius Phalereus on eloquence. 
Moreri. 
PANIGE'NA, in ancient geography, a town on this 
fide of the Ganges, between Paluga and Conagera. Pto¬ 
lemy. 
PANI'NI (Paolo), a painter of perfpeCtive and archi¬ 
tecture. Pie was born at Placentia in 1691, with a molt 
happy genius to painting, which he cultivated by ltudy- 
ing at .Rome, where he deligned every veltige of ancient 
magnificence, the ruins of fiuperb Roman edifices, ceno¬ 
taphs, columns, baths, arches, and obelilks ; as alio fome 
of the molt entire buildings, the ornaments of modern 
Rome. His compofition is rich ; the truth of his .perfpec- 
tive is critically exadt ; and his paintings are universally 
elteemed for the grandeur of the architecture, for the 
clearnel’s of his colouring, for the beautiful figures which 
he generally introduced, and alfo for the elegant talte 
with which he difpofed them. He always deligned them 
correCtly, and let them off with fuitable attitudes and ex- 
prefiion. At Rivoli, a pleafure-houfe belonging to the 
king of Sardinia, there are feveral of Panini’s paintings, 
which are views of that fine retreat and its environs. 
They are beautifully coloured, well handled, and with a 
touch full of fpirit; though in fome parts the yellow 
feems a little too predominant, and the lights are not al¬ 
ways dilfributed in fuch a manner as to produce the molt 
Itriking eftedt. 
PANIO'NIA, [Greek.] An ancient feltival celebrated 
in honour of Neptune by a concourfe of people from all 
the cities of Ionia. It is remarkable in this feltival, that, 
if the bull offered in facrifice happened to bellow, it was 
accounted an omen of divine favour, becaule that found 
was thought to be acceptable to Neptune. 
PANIOW'CE, a fortrefs of Ruffian Poland, near 
Kaminiec, in Podolia ; which, in 1621, withftood the at¬ 
tack of the Turks. 
PA'NIS, an illand in the Atlantic, at the mouth of the 
river Bandi, near thecoalt of Africa. Lat. 5. N. 
PA'NIS, a tribe of Indians, on a branch of the Miffouri. 
600 miles from the Milfilfippi. 
PANISSIE'RE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Rhone and Loire : twenty-one miles welt of Lyons, 
eighteen fouth-eaff of Roanne. 
PA'NIUM, in ancient geography, a promontory of 
Eufbpe, on the coaft of the Thracian Bofphorus. 
PA'NIUS. See Paneus. 
PAN'KE, f [a name, as we prefume, of American 
origin, published by Feuillee, and adopted by Molina, 
though the latter has transferred it from the original 
plant of Feuillee, which is a Gunnera, to a totally diltindt 
genus, termed by that author Llaupanke. Willdenow has 
retained this barbarous name, and thus it has become 
ellablilhed.] In botany, a genus of the clafs enneandria, 
order monogynia. Generic effential character—Calyx 
four-cleft; corolla bell-fhaped, four-cleft; capfule of two 
valves, with one feed. 
1. Panke tinCtoria : leaves {talked, five-lobed. Native 
of inoilt fituations on the mountains of Chili. Root 
perennial. Stem five feet high. Leaves ferrated, five- 
ribbed, papillary, down)', pulpy, permanent. Footftalks 
round, prickly, half afoot long. Flowers very numerous, 
on partial Italks. ViilId. After Molina. 
2. Panke fonchifolia, (Llaupanke of Feuill. Peruv. ii. 
742. t. 31.) leaves lyrate, clafping the Item: found by 
Feuillee on the mountains of Chili. Root perennial, ta¬ 
pering. Stem herbaceous, three feet high, fimple, round, 
leafy. Leaves a foot long, obtufe, flightly wavy, and 
finely toothed or cremate ; their lobes rounded, clofe, lying 
over each other, finely downy, reticulated with veins. 
Flowers crimfon, the lowermoll a little remote, and of fix 
petals or rather fegments, the reft of but four; each feg- 
ment is oval, about half an inch long, with a violet fpot 
in the middle. Stamens, according to Feuillee, only 
equal in number to the petals, or rather fegments of the 
flower. There is a difagreement between his account and 
the clafs, as well as character, indicated by Molina. This 
fpecies is ufed in dying black. It alfo ferves to ftop the 
bleeding of the piles, as well as to relieve the pain of that 
complaint ; the qualities of the herb being, as it feems, 
aftringent. 
3. Panke anapodophylli folio, (Feuil. ii. 741. t. 30.) by 
laterauthors called Gunnera fcabra : leaves lobed palmate, 
ferrated, very harlh, taller than the fruit-bearing ftalk. 
All the ftalks prickly. Native of watery marlhy places in 
Chili and Peru. Much larger than the preceding, and 
diftinguilhed by its lobed leaves, which are extremely 
rough on the upper fide, with minute callous points, as 
well as befprinkled on both fides with fhort hairs. The 
ftalks, both of the leaves and flowers, are befet with Mat¬ 
tered prominent prickles, and the latter are much the 
loweft. The bunch of flowers is a fpan long, very denfe 
and thickly branched. Feuillee fays this-plant is of a 
cooling quality, and that a decoCtion of its leaves is taken 
for that purpofe in hot weather, and the ftalks of the 
leaves are peeled and eaten. He found their flavour 
fweetilli and agreeable. The root is ufed for dying black, 
like the preceding, and for tanning, which proVes its 
aftringent quality. 
PANKI'NA, a town of Ruflla, in the government of 
Kolivan : fixty-eight miles north-weft of Biiik. 
PANKI'RA,a town of Hindooftan, in Baglana: twelve 
miles north of Saler Mouler. 
PANKLI'ER,a town of Curdiftan.in the government 
of Van, on Lake Van: twenty-five miles .eaft of Aklat. 
PANKO'VA, a town of Rullla, in the government of 
Irkutlk, on the Ilim: fifty-fix miles weft of Orlenga. 
PANLANG', a town of Birmah, on the Rangoon 
branch of the Irawaddy, formerly a place of great opu¬ 
lence and extent, and even now of fome importance: fix- 
teen miles north-weft of Rangoon. 
PAN'MA-KELEU'GO-MARA'VA. See Polyp odium. 
PANNA'DE, /! The curvet of a horfe. Ainfwort/i. 
PAN'NAG, [Heb. balfam.] Whether this be the name 
of a place whence wheat was brought, as it was from 
Minnith, (fee Ezek. xxviu'17.) as feems molt probable, or 
the name of a drug, according to its fignification, is un¬ 
certain : Cruden luppofes the latter. See Brown’s Didt. of 
the Bible. 
PAN'NAGE,^! [panagium, low Lat. panage, Fr.] Food 
that fwine feed on in the woods, as malt of beech, acorns, 
&c. which fome have called pawnes. It is alfo the money 
taken by the agiltors for the food of hogs with the malt of 
the king’s foreft. Cuwel .—Acorns, which are included in 
the name of malt, are the chief of thofe things which the 
ancient law’s call pannage. Gibfon's Codex. 
PAN'NAH, a town of Hindooftan, in the country of 
Allahabad : thirty miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Chatterpour, 
ninety-five fouth-weft of Allahabad. Lat. 24.48. N. Ion. 
80. 28. E. 
PANNA'RIA, one of the Lipari iflands. (See Liparj.) 
The ancients called it Thermifiu, from the hot waters 
which 
