P A N 
PAN 
known to the Romans in the time of Auguftus. See the 
article Geography, vol. viii. p. 375. It was during the 
■war of Auguftus with the Japydes and the Dalmatians 
that the Roman arms penetrated into the country of the 
Pannonians : and it became a Roman province under 
Tiberius. In the time of Antonine, Panr.onia was di¬ 
vided into Superior and Inferior, the feparation being 
made by the river Arrabo (Raab) : one of thefe divifions 
was called Pannonia Prima, and the other Pannonia 
Secunda. 
The more ancient inhabitants of Pannonia were the 
Scordifci and Taurifci, who were in their origin Gauls. 
Ptolemy afligns to this country a great number of places ; 
but none of them appear to be very confiderable. This 
country was occupied by a femi-barbarous people, when 
Philip, king of Macedon, conquered it: but they foon af¬ 
terwards revolted, and Alexander re-conquered them. 
The Gauls, under the coiiduft of Brennus and Belgius, 
forcibly transferred it to Ptolemy, brother of the king of 
Macedon. Ctefiar gained a fettle,inent in part of it, and 
palfed to it acrofs the mountain, hence called Alpes Juliae. 
Tiberius, as we have faid, added Pannonia to the Roman 
empire, and it continued tributary to the Romans, till the 
fall of their empire. It afterwards became fubjeft to the 
Goths, and then to the Huns, from whom Hungary is 
laid to have derived its name. 
PANNO'NIUS (Janus), a modern Latin poet, born in 
1434., was a native of Hungary. He travelled into Italy 
for inftruftion in polite literature ; and upon his return, 
ufed his endeavours to promote the ftudy of it in his own 
country. He was raifed to the fee of Funfkirchen (five- 
churches) in Lovrer Hungary, where he died in 1472. 
This prelate is faid to Irave been remarkably diftinguilhed 
for his proficiency in the Greek and Latin languages, in 
the latter of which he compofed a variety of poems, which 
were printed both feparately and in the Deliciaa Poetarum 
'Hungarorum. An edition of them from a rqanufcript in 
the imperial library, was given at Utretcht fo lately as 
1784, in two volumes o6favo. Gen. Bing. 
PANNU'NAH, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 
Kerleh : twenty miles fouth-eaft of Mai toy. 
PAN'NUS, f. A difeafe of the eye; a kind of flefhy web 
occafioned by an inflammation. 
PANNY'A, a town of Bengal, forty-five miles weft of 
Nagore. 
PANNYAL'LUM-CRUT'CH, a town of Hindooftan, 
in Tinevelly : fifteen miles fouth-eaft of Coilpetta. 
PAN'NYLE, a town of Bengal: eighteen miles north- 
weft of Sifhet. 
PANO'MI, a town of European Turkey, in Macedonia : 
fixteen miles fouth of Saloniki. * 
PANOMPHAS'US, in mythology, a defignation given 
to Jupiter, becaufe he was looked upon as the author of 
“ all forts of divination,” having the books of fate, and 
out of them revealing either more or lefs, as he pleafed, 
to inferior daemons. 
PAN'CPLY, f. [Gr. from «■*», all, and oitXa., armour.] 
Complete armour.—We had need to take the Chriftian 
panoply, to put on the whole armour of God. Ray on the 
Creation. 
In perfefl filver gliftening panoply 
They ride, the army of the Higheft God ! More. 
In arms they flood 
Of golden panoply, refulgent hoft ! Milton's P. L. 
PANOP'OLIS. See Achmin, vol. i. 
PANORA'MA, /. [panorama, Fr. from the Gr. nxv, 
all, the 'whole, and o^up.ct, a view.] A large circular 
painting, having no apparent beginning or end, from the 
centre of which the beholder views diltinftly the feveral 
objects of the reprefentation. 
PANOR'MA, a harbour on the north coaft of the 
iftand of Myconi. Lat. 37. 29. N. Ion. 25. 23. E. 
PANORMITA'NO (Antonio), or Anthony of 
Palermo, whofe proper name was Beccadclli, a writer 
Vol. XVIII. No. 1247. 
341 
of fame diftinftion both in profe and verfe, was born in 
1374, of a refpeftable family, originally from Bologna. 
He was fent on a public allowance to ftudy the law at 
Bologna ; and afterwards entered into the lervice of Philip 
Maria Vifconti, duke of Milan, who kept him at his 
court with an honourable penfion. He was alfo made 
profefibr of belles-lettres and of rhetoric in the univerfity 
of Pavia; and there, probably in 1432, received the ho¬ 
nour of the poetic laurel from tire emperor Sigifmond. 
Alphonfo king of Naples, probably on leaving Milan in 
1435, carried Antonio with him to his court; and he was 
thenceforth the infeparable companion, both in peace 
and war, of this prince, who heaped on him all kinds of 
favours. He was aggregated to the body of Neapolitan 
nobility ; enriched with many donations ; among the reft 
that of a delightful villa called Sifia; and employed in 
various honourable commiflions. One of thefe, in 1451, 
was a deputation to Venice, in order to requeft from that 
ftate the fuppofed arm-bones of the hillorian Livy, which 
he obtained. So great was the veneration of Antonio for 
this famous writer, and his love for literature, that he fold 
a farm in order to purchafe a copy of Livy written by the 
hand of Poggio the Florentine. After the death of 
Alphonfo, Beccadelli was equally favoured by his fon and 
fucceflor Ferdinand, who made him his fecretary and 
counfellor. This learned man died at Naples in 1471. 
Antony of Palermo was a diftinguithed Latin writer, 
both in profe and verfe. 1. As an hiftorian, he was known 
by his work Dc DiBis el Faclis Alfonji regis Arragonum . 
On the payings and Actions of Alphonfo king of Arra- 
gon ; for which he was rewarded by that monarch with 
a thoufand gold crowns : no proof of its impartiality. It 
has frequently been reprinted, with additions. He alfo 
undertook to write the life of the fucceeding king, 
Ferdinand ; but no part of this work ever appeared. 2. A 
colleftion of five books of his Epiftles, Two Harangues, 
and foirte Verfes, was printed at Venice in 1453. 3. But 
the moil noted of his productions, and unfortunately one 
of the lateft, was the collection of fhort poems in two 
books, entitled Hermaphroditus, of which the greater 
number were fo grofsly obfcene, that they excited, even 
in that licentious age, the loudeft clamours againft the 
author. They were attacked both in writing and from 
the pulpit; they were publicly burned in feveral cities of 
Italy, and the writer’s effigy in fome places accompanied 
them to the flames. It does not appear that the worft of 
thefe pieces were ever printed; but a few copies of the 
whole are ftill prel’erved in fome of the libraries of Italy. 
Gen. Biog. 
PANOR'MO, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, on 
the fouth coaft of the fea of Marmora: fixteen miles fouth- 
eaft of Artaki. 
PANOR'MO, a town ofEuropean Turkey, in Albania, 
fituated on a gulf of the Adriatic, oppofite the iftand of 
Corfu : forty-five miles fouth-fouth-eaft of-Valona. Lat. 
40. N. Ion. 20. 1. E. 
PANOR'MUS, in ancient geography, (Palermo,) a 
town of Sicily, fituated towards the north-weft, founded, 
as it has been faid, by the Phoenicians. It held a diftin- 
guifhed rank among the towns of Sicily. In the year of 
Rome 499 it was taken by the Romans, and in 503 they 
gained a battle there under the orders of the proconful 
Metellus. It afterwards became a Roman colony. Now 
Palermo. —A town on the north coaft of the ifle of 
Crete, between Citteum and Heraclaeum.—A town of 
Achaia, in Peloponnefus, near the promontory Rhium.-— 
A town of Samos.—A town of the Thracian Cherfonefus, 
placed by Pliny on the weft fide of the peninfula, and 
mentioned by no other writer. 
Panormus, a port of Attica ; its name denoting it to 
be capacious.—Another, of Epirus; a large harbour in 
the heart of the Montes Cerauni, below the citadel 
Chimsera.—A third, of Ionia, near Ephefus, with the 
temple of the Ephefian Diana.—A fourth, in Ionia, north- 
eaft of the promontory of Pofidium, fouth-eaft of the pro- 
4 S montory 
