PAN 
PAN 
vet adhered to the charges and emoluments of pro- 
fefl'ors. His drefs preferves the ancient coflume of the 
bar of Bologna, which is nearly the fame to this hour; 
and the lingular mafic, which covers the forehead and 
nofe, has been imitated from a wine-mark which deformed 
the face of a lawyer in thofe days. This tradition yet 
exifts among the amateurs of the comedy of art. The 
Brighella and Harlequin, called in Italy the two Zanis, 
have been borrowed from Bergamo. The adroitnefs of 
the fird, and the extreme heavinefs of the fecond, are 
proofs of this aflertion ; becaufe in no other country do 
we find thefe two extremes in the clafs of the people. 
Brighella reprefents an intriguing, roguilh, difhonefl, 
valet. His drefs is a kind or livery; and his tawny malk 
is a fatire on the complexion of the inhabitants of thofe 
lofty mountains, fcorched by the heat of the fun. The 
Harlequins alfo have their different names: but they 
are always natives of Bergamo, heavy and clownilh; and 
their drefs reprefents a poor devil who picks up pieces 
of different fluffs and colours to mend his clothes. The 
hat correfponds with their beggary ; and the tail of a 
hare, with which it is decorated, is to this day the ufual 
ornament of the peafants of Bergamo.” Memoirs of 
Goldoni, by liimfelf; Paris, 1814.—It will readily occur 
to the reader, that the two lad-mentioned perfonages are 
exaftly reverfed in this country: the Harlequin is the 
active run-about; and the Brighella is the Clown, or 
fervant. 
PAN'TOMIME, udj. Reprefenting only in geflure and 
dumb-fhow.—A pantomime dance may frequently anfwer 
the fame purpofe ; and, by reprefenting fome adventure 
in love or war, may feem to give fenfe and meaning to 
mufic, which might not othervvife appear to have any. 
Smith mi the Imit. Arts. 
PANTOMIM'IC, or Pantomimical, adj. Reprefent¬ 
ing only by gefture or dumb-fhow. 
PAN'TON, in geography, a townfhip of America, in 
Addifon county, Vermont, on the eafl fide of lake Champ¬ 
lain, about eighty-feven miles' north of Bennington ; 
containing 520 inhabitants. 
PAN'TON, J'. A flioe contrived to recover a narrow 
and hoof-bound heel. Farrier's Did. 
PAN'TRY,/. [panetcric, Fr. panarium, Lat. A place 
formerly ufed folely for the keeping of bread, as the 
etymology (panis) (hows. Malone.) The room in which 
provifions are repofited.—The Italian artizans diftribute 
the kitchen, pantry, bake-houfe, under ground. Wotton 
on Architecture .—What work they make in the pantry 
and the larder ! L'EJlrange. 
PANU'CO, a town of South-America, in the province 
of Tucuman : fifteen miles wed of St. Fernando. 
PAN'UCO, a river of North-America, which runs into 
the gulf of Mexico twenty-one miles ead-fouth-ead of 
Panuco, in lat. 22.40. N. Ion. 98. 36. W. 
PANU'CO, or St. Stilva'ra del Puer'to, a town of 
Mexico, and capital of the province of Guadeca or 
Panuco, fituated on a river of the fame name, navigable 
for barks up to the town. It contains about 500 families, 
and is the lee of a bifhop : 190 miles north-north-eaft of 
Mexico. Lat. 23. 23. N. Ion. 99. 6. W. See Guasteca, 
vol. ix. 
PANVILA'O, a town on the fouth coad of the ifiand 
of Lu^on. Lat. 14. 2. N. Ion. 121. 36. E. 
PANVIN'IO (Onofrio),a very learned and indudrious 
hidorian and antiquary, was born at Verona in 1529. 
From his childhood he manifeded an infatiable third for 
ltudy ; and, to indulge it, he entered into the order of 
Augudines. By the general of that order he was fent to 
Rome to complete his dudies; and in 1553 he was ap¬ 
pointed to indruft the novices in that city in the fciences. 
In the following year he was fent to Florence, to teach 
fcholadic theology; but, that fcience not being to his 
fade, he obtained permiifion not only to be free from the 
charge, but to live at large out of the cloider. He pafled 
317 
fome time at Venice, where he printed one of his works; 
but his ordinary abode was at Rome, where he was fil'd 
patronifed by cardinal Marcello Cervini, whofe pontifi¬ 
cate, under the name of Marcellus II. was too fiiort to 
contribute to his advancement. He thence pafled into 
the court of cardinal Alexander Farnefe, with whom he 
travelled into Sicily in 1568, where a violent difeafe 
carried him off at the early age of thirty-nine. A monu¬ 
ment to his honour was erected in the church of St. 
Augudine at Rome. 
Very few indances are to be met with in literary bio¬ 
graphy, of fo many proofs of extenfive erudition and in¬ 
defatigable indudry left by one whofe career was redridied 
to fuch narrow limits. Befides his publifhed works, 
which form a numerous catalogue, he left a dill greater 
number in manufeript, either begun or completed. One 
of the fird objedls of his labours was Roman hidory and 
antiquities. The “ Fadi Confulares,” though fird brought 
to light by Sigonius, were publifhed and illudrated with 
notes by him, in a folio volume printed at Venice in 1557. 
He publifhed treatifes alfo “ De antiquis Romanorum 
Nominibus; De Principibus Romanis; De Republica; 
De Triumphis et Ludis Circenfibus ; Topographia 
Romas.” All thefe are valuable performances ; not 
merely compilations of paffages from diderent authors, 
but founded in great meafure upon ancient inferiptions, 
of which he had colledled and copied near three thoufand. 
Fie had an intention of publifhing this colledtion, but 
was prevented by death ; and, as no vediges of it appear 
among his MSS. it is conjedlured by the marquis Maffei 
that it came into the hands of Martin Smetius, who pub¬ 
lifhed at Antwerp a colledtion of inferiptions, which was 
the ground-work of Gruter’s later work. Panvinio was 
likewife a profound invedigator of facred or Chriflian 
antiquities. Of his publifhed works in this clafs are 
treatifes “ De Ritu Sepeliendi Mortuos apud veteres 
Chridianos; De antiquo Ritu baptizandi Catechumenos; 
De Primatu Petri ; Chronicon Ecclefiadicum ; De Epifco- 
patibus, Titulis, et Diaconis Cardinalium ; Annotationes 
et Supplement ad Platinam de Vitis Pontificum ; De 
feptem prascipuis Urbis Romae Bafilicis ; De Bibliotheca 
Vaticana.” He had undertaken a general ecclefialtical 
hidory, for which he had colledled matter fufiicient to fill 
fix large manufeript volumes; they are preferved in the 
Vatican, and it cannot be doubted that they afforded 
much affidance to cardinal Baronio in his great work. 
Panvinio alfo conlecrated part of his labour to his own 
order, of which de wrote a Chronicle; nor did he neglect 
the hidory and antiquities of his native city, Verona, of 
which he compofed eight books, printed many years after 
his death. Gen. Jiiog. 
PANUR'GIA, /'. [from the Gr. truv, all, and t^yov, 
work.] Subtilty, (kill. Phillips. 
PAN'WELL, a town of Hindoodan, in Vifiapour : fixty 
miles wed-north-wed of Poonah. 
PANY'ASUS, in ancient geography, a river of Mace¬ 
donia, the mouth of which is placed by Ptolemy between 
Dyrrhachium and the mouth of the river Apfus. 
PAN'ZA, or Penga, a town of Congo, in the province 
of Bamba. 
PANZA'NO, a town of Etruria: fourteen miles fouth 
of Florence. 
PAN'ZEN, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Leit- 
meritz: fifteen miles north-north-ead of Leitmeritz. 
Lat. 50. 44. N. Ion. 14. 25. E. 
PAN'ZERA, f. in botany. See Dimorpha falcata. 
PA'O, a river of South-America, which riles near Va¬ 
lencia, in the province of Caraccas, and after a foutherly 
courle of about 100 miles, joins the Bariquicemento in 
lat. 8. 20. N. and the dreams united form the Portughefla. 
PA'O, a town of Corea: thirty miles fouth-eafl of 
Ou-tchuen. 
PA'O, a town of China, of the third rank, in Se-tchuen : 
fifteen miles north-north-wed of Hoei. 
-PAO-FONG', 
