P A O 
348 
PAO-FONG', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
the province of Ho-nan: forty-five miles eaft-fouth-eaft 
of Hiu-tcheou. 
PAO-KANG', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Hou-quang: forty-five miles weft-fouth-weft of Siang- 
yang. 
PAO-KI', a town of China, of the third rank, in Chen-fi: 
fifteen miles fouth-weft of Fong-tfiang. 
PAO-KING', a city of China, of the firft rank, in Hou- 
quang : 832 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 27. 
4. N. Jon. 111. E. 
PAO de NA'O, a town on the coaft of Africa, near 
the river Camarones, belonging to the Portuguefe. 
PAO-NING', a city of China, of the firft rank, in Se- 
tchuen, on the Kia-ling river : 700 miles fouth-fouth-weft 
of Peking. Lat. 31. 3. N. Ion. 105. 35. E. 
PAO-NGAN', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Chen-fi : thirty-feven miles north-weft of Yen-ngan. 
PAO-NGAN', a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Pe-tche-li, on the river San-cam : fixty-tw'o miles north- 
weft of Peking. Lat. 40. 22. N. Ion. 114.41. E. 
PAO-TCHING', a towm of Cprea : thirty miles fouth 
of Koang-tcheou. 
PAO-TCHU'EN, a town of Corea : twenty-eight miles 
fouth-fouth-weft of Hoang-tcheou. 
PAO-TCHU'EN, a town of Corea : twenty-three miles 
eaft of King-ki-tao. 
PAO-TE', a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Chan-fi, on the Hoang: 275 miles weft-fouth-weft of 
Peking. Lat. 39.40. N. Ion. 110. 24. E. 
PAO-TP, a town of China, of the third rank, in Pe- 
tche-li : forty-two miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Peking. 
PAO-TIM', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Pe-tche-li: forty-two miles eaft of Pao-ting. 
PAO-TING', a city of China, of the firlt rank, in Pe- 
tche-li. It is the refidenceofa viceroy, and the mod con- 
fiderable city in the province next 'to Peking. It has 
twenty towns under its jurifdidtion ; three of the fecond, 
and feventeen of the third, clafs. The country round it 
is pleafant, and inferior in fertility to no part of China : 
feventy-feven miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 38. 
54. N. Ion. 115. 14. E. 
PAO-YN', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Kiang-nan : fifteen miles fouth of Hoai-ngan. 
PAO'LI (Pafcal), a diftinguilhed charafter in the an¬ 
nals of patriotifm, was born in Corfica in 1726. His fa¬ 
ther, Giacinto Paoli, who had taken an adtive part in the 
public affairs of that ifland, retired with his family to Na¬ 
ples after the failure of his attempts to free his country¬ 
men from the tyranny of the Genoefe. Pafcal received 
his education at the Jefuits-college of that city, where he 
made a rapid progrels in his ftudies, and difplayed an un- 
derftanding equally lolid and capacious. In the year 
1755, on the death of Gafrori, who had adled as the chief 
of the natives If ill in arms againft their oppreffors, the 
Corficans were induced by the high reputation of Paf- 
chal Paoli to fend him an invitation to come and take 
upon himfelf the vacant poll. After a due confideration 
of the arduous talk that lay before him, he refolved to 
comply with his country’s call, and devote himfelf to 
her fervice; and, having taken a pathetic farev.'ell of his 
venerable father, he embarked for the ifland, where he 
was formally in veiled with the chief command in July 
1755. At this period the Genoefe were in poflefiion of a 
great part of the country ; while the Corficans, in a Hate 
of divifion and infubordination, deftitute of the neceflary 
fupplies of arms and money, were able to carry on only 
a defultory war againft their invaders. At the fame time 
their long habits of refiftance to regular government had 
rendered them little better than a ferocious banditti, not 
lefs turbulent and vindidtive among one another than 
fanguinary towards the common foe. Paoli’s firft objedl 
was to unite and ftrengthen their efforts againft the Ge¬ 
noefe, whom they foon expelled from the inland country, 
and confined to the fea-coafts. Then, taking advantage 
PAO 
of this temporary tranquillity, he fet about the more 
difficult talk of introducing the reftraints of law and go¬ 
vernment among his people, and perfuading them to fore¬ 
go the rooted pradtice of private revenge. Aiming ftill 
further to foften and civilife their manners, he provided 
means for a national education, and founded an univerfity 
at Corte. He alfo attended to the external profperity of 
the ifland, by promoting agriculture, manufactures, and 
commerce, as far as his means would allow. 
Having, by the union of firmnefs with gentlenefs, and 
by himfelf fetting the example of the civil virtues he 
wifhed to introduce, brought his plans to a confiderable 
degree of perfection, he again turned his thoughts to 
the expulfion of the Genoefe. A fmall marine was fitted 
out to impede their communication with the ifland, and 
ftrong mealures were taken to harafs them in their quar¬ 
ters. The Genoefe government, on the other hand, 
iflued infidious manifeltoes with the view of dividing their 
opponents, and no profpeCt appeared of their abandoning 
their claims upon the ifland. In this emergency Paoli and 
his council addrefied, in 1761,3 memorial to the different 
fovereigns of Europe, for the purpofe of inducing fome 
of them to become their proteCtors. But appeals to the 
principles of freedom were not likely to obtain favour in 
royal cabinets ; and not only was no interference pro¬ 
duced in their behalf, but the court of France, in 1764, 
entered into a treaty with the Genoele for fupplying them 
with a force to garrifon the towns yet remaining in their 
hands. It was indeed ftipulated, that the French troops 
fhould aCt only defenfively, but their prefence effectually 
prevented any progrefs towards freeing the ifland; and 
the only military tranfaClion that took place during the 
four years in which this treaty fubfilted, was the conqueft 
by the Corficans of the ifle of Capraia. 
At the expiration of the term, a new treaty was formed, 
by which the republic of Genoa transferred its pretended 
fovereignty over Corfica, to the king of France, for 
40,000,000 of livres ; and ceded to him the towns then gar- 
rifoned by his troops. The remainder of the ifland was 
either to be conquered by the French, or obtained by ne- 
gociation. This was a thunderftroke to the Corfican pa¬ 
triots, but their noble leader remained firm. Although 
he was tempted by the offer of being confirmed in his fu- 
preme authority, only on condition of holding it under 
the French government, he did not hefitate to rejeCt fuch 
a difgraceful propofal, warmly declaring, that “ the rocks 
which furrounded him fhould melt away, ere he would 
betray a caufe which he held in common with the meaneft 
Corfican.” A rigorous war thenceforth commenced, 
in which the French, having received a confiderable re¬ 
inforcement, entered upon offenfive operations. Not- 
withftanding fome temporary fuccefs, they had the morti¬ 
fication foon to undergo various defeats from this undif- 
ciplined rabble, as they termed the Corficans ; and in 
particular, a French general, De Lude, was obliged to 
capitulate at his ftrong poll of Borgo, with all his infantry, 
artillery, and ammunition. Clement Paoli, brother to 
Pafchal, diflinguifhed himfelf jn feveral of thefe actions. 
The French minifter, Choifeul, confidering the ho¬ 
nour of his nation as at flake in this warfare againft a 
petty ifland, refolved to fend fuch a force as would en- 
fure fuccefs ; accordingly a large reinforcement under 
the orders of the count de Vaux was landed at Corfica in 
1769. The patriots ftill kept a firm countenance, and 
made a vigorous refiftance ; but w r ere in the end defeated 
with great flaughter. Paoli, left with only five hundred 
men, was furrounded by the French, who were anxious 
to get poflefiion of his perfon ; but he cut his way 
through them, and took fhelter in a convent on the fea- 
fliore. Thence, with feveral of his friends, he embarked 
on-board an Englifh veflel for Leghorn. After continuing 
fome time in that port, he purfued his way to England, 
where he was received with all the fympathy and refpedi 
due from freemen to a patriot who had fo nobly fupported 
the caufe of liberty. Dumourier, who afterwards made a 
4 figure 
