351 
PAP 
PA'PALIN, f. A papift; one devoted to the pope. 
Not now in vfe.- —No- lefs divided in their profeflton than 
we and the pctpalins. Sir T. Herbert's Trav. —In oppofi- 
tion to bifliops, the highefi papalins talk mod of the fo- 
vereign power of the people ; becaufe they hold the al¬ 
tered of the pope to be upheld by their veneration. Pul¬ 
ler's Mod. of the Ch. of Eng’. 
PAPAL'ITY, f. The papacy. Cole. 
PAPALLAC'LA, a town of South America, in the 
province of Quito :. fifty miles north-wePcof Archidona. 
PAPALOAPA'IN, a riv.er of Mexico, now called 
Alvarado, which fee. 
PAPALQUFAN, a town of Mexico, in New Bifcay : 
130 miles north-welt ofDurrmgo. 
PAPAMO'W, a town of Hindooftan: eight miles 
north Allahabad. 
PAPANAU'D, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic : 
twenty-five miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Tanjore. 
PA'PAS, a lake of South America: forty miles fouth 
of Popayan. 
PA'PAS ADAS'SI, or Prince’s Islands, a clud-er of 
fmall illands, in the north-eaft part of the ifland of Mar¬ 
mora, at the entrance of the ftraits of Conftantmople : 
eight miles fouth of Conftantinople. 
PA'PAS-I'LI, a town of European Turkey, in Roma¬ 
nia : thirty-two miles north of Adrianople. 
PAPA'VER ,_/1 [fo called, according to the mod learn¬ 
ed etymologifts, becaufe it was commonly mixed with the 
pap, papa, given to children, in order to procure deep. 
This plant and its name have ever been affociated with 
the idea of deep in mod languages, in poetry and philo- 
fophy, in liidory and fable. Its juice is dill the bed opiate 
known, and in the mod general ufe.] The Poppy ; in 
botany, a genus of theclafs polyandria, order monogynia, 
natural order of rhceadeas, (papaveraceae, Jxjf.) Gene¬ 
ric characters—Calyx : perianthium two-leaved, ovate, 
emarginate: leafiets fubovate, concave,obtufe, caducous. 
Corolla : petals four, roundifh, flat, fpreading, large, nar¬ 
rower at the bade; alternately lefs. Stamina: filaments 
numerous, capillary, much fnorter than the corolla ; an¬ 
thers oblong, comprefled, eredt, obtufe. Pidillum : germ 
roundilh, large ; dyle none ; digma peltate, flat, radiate. 
Pericarpium: capfule crowned with the large digma, one- 
celled, lialf-many-celled, opening by many holes at the 
top under the crown. Seeds numerous, very fmall. Re¬ 
ceptacles, longitudinal plaits ; the fame number with 
the rays of the digma, faftened to the wall of the pericar¬ 
pium.— Ejj'cntial Character. Calyx two-leaved ; corolla- 
four-petafled ; capfule one-celled, opening by holes under 
the permanent digma. The feed-veffel differs in fliape in 
different fpecies, from globofe to oblong ; and the rays 
of the digma differ greatly in number, according as the' 
fhape of the capfule appropriated to each fpecies is 
more or lefs oblong and narrow. The, twelve fpecies 
are coinmodioufly divided into two fedtions, diftinguifhed 
by the roughnefs or fmoothnefs of the capfule. 
I. With liifpid Capfules. 
1. PaDaver liybridum, or baftard-poppy : capfules fub- 
globular, torofe, hifpidj dent leafy, many-flowered. The 
leaves of the badard-poppy are much fmaller than thofe 
of the common corn-poppy, and are cut into much finer 
fegments. The dalks are flender, little more than afoot 
high, and not fo branching ; the flowers are not fo large, 
and of a deep purple colour, feldom lading more than one 
whole day. The oblong prickly capfules are filled with 
fmall black feeds. Native of fome of the fouthern parts 
of Europe, and of England, among corn ; as near Nor¬ 
wich, and Wells in Norfolk;, the parks, Oxford and 
Eynfham, Oxfordfliire; about Durham. It flowers in 
June and July. 
2. Papaver argemone, or long prickly-headed poppy : 
capfules club-fhaped, liifpid ; ftem leafy, many-flowered. 
Leaves finer cut and fmaller than thofe of the common 
fort, but not fo fine as thofe of the preceding. Stalks not 
PAP 
fo high as either, feldom having many branches. Flowers 
not half fo large, of a copper colour, and falling away in 
few hours. They appear in May, and are fncceeded by 
long flender channelled capfules, filled with fmall black 
fhrivelled feeds. The capfule has the fame number of 
cells as the digma has rays ; it is ribbed, and the drong 
hairs or bridles on it are white and point upwards. Like 
mod of the other poppies, it ufually grows in corn-fields, 
and is not unfrequent about London. It flowers at the 
beginning of June, and is often overlooked from the ex¬ 
treme fugacity of its petals. It is a native not only of 
mod parts of Europe, but of the Levant. This and the 
preceding are annual plants. 
3. Papaver alpinum, or alpine prickly-headed poppy : 
capfule liifpid ; fcape one-flowered, naked, liifpid ; leaves 
bipinnate, Stalks about a foot high, fudaining one fmall 
yellow' or copper-coloured flower, fucceeded by a roundifh 
prickly head. The poppy of the Alps is a little perennial 
plant-hairy all over ; the fiems are naked and Ample, with 
a bundle of leaves at the bafe; the leaves are winged ; 
the fird and the lad leaflets are Ample, the middle one 
larger, often trifid ; the corolla is yellow, reddifh or whi- 
tifli; the capfule is oblong, with the upper part five-cor¬ 
nered. It grows in high rocky places, expofed to the 
wind, and bare of grafs. 
According to Haller, the leaves are commonly hirfute, 
but in the Swifs plant fmooth; the dem a long fpan in 
height; the caiyx brown, and very hirfute; the corolla, 
fmall, flaccid, white with a yellow claw, the yellownefs 
frequently diffufing itfelf over the whole petal. Under 
the flower, as in P. argemone, is a pencil of hairs of a 
dark-broum colour. The whole plant, when frefli, has 
a drong finell of mufk. Neither Haller nor Scopoli dif- 
tinguifh this from the next fpecies. Native of Swiffer- 
land, Audria, Carniola, Dauphine, Piedmont, and Si- 
lefia. 
| 3 . Scopoli remarks, that the variety with a yellow 
flower is not fo hairy; that the fegments of the leaves 
are more long and flender, with the lad only trifid; and 
the flamens from fixty to feventy : he afcribes to this 
the fynonym from Dillenius which belongs to nudicaule. 
y. The variety with a white flower is, according to him, 
a larger and more hairy plant, with paler leaves, all the 
pinnas trifid and wider, with the claws of the petals green- 
ifh. Seguier’s figure feems to belong to this ; the yellow 
variety not having feffile gallied pinnas. 
4. Papaver nudicaule, or naked-dalked prickly-headed 
poppy : capfules liifpid ; fcape one-flowered, naked, hif- 
pid; leaves Ample, pinnate-finuate. Roots flender, 
fibrous, (annual or biennial.) Root-leaves many, liifpid, 
the lowed broader and fhorter, lefs deeply divided into 
fewer and broader fegirients, the leaves next above are 
divided into many narrower and longer fegments ; glau¬ 
cous green, efpecially underneath. From among the fie 
leaves arifes a fingle naked (talk, a long fpan or a foot in 
height, fomewhat glaucous, liifpid, fudaining one yellow 
flower of a middlingfize, the two inner petals a little fmall¬ 
er, the two outer fomewhat larger; filaments very many, 
yellowifti, with b’roadifh co'mpref&d driated anthers. Germ 
' roundifh, greenifiv, with eight rays on the top. Capfule 
roundifh oblong; feeds black when ripe. The flower has a 
fine fweet fmell like the jonquil, efpecially morning and 
evening. The feeds were fent from the eaftern confines of 
theRuffian empire, from the provinceof Argunfky in Sibe¬ 
ria, in latitude 51°, by Heidenrerclv, and were fent to the 
Eltham-garden, with thofe of feveral other plants, by 
J. H. de Sprekelfen. It was therefore cultivated there in 
17.30. The flowers appear from June to Augufl. See 
the annexed Plate, fig. 1. 
II. With fmooth Capfules. 
5. Papaver rhceas, corn or red poppy: capfules urn- 
fhaped, fmooth ; dem hairy, many-flowered ; leaves pin- 
natifid, gallied. Stem from one to two feet high, upright, 
round, branched, purplifh at bottom, with fpreading 
haks 
