PAPE R. 
«7S 
cil afterwards in thofe places where (hade is neceflary. 
For this purpofe they take white paper, and pads over it 
a fponge which has imbibed water impregnated with foot, 
leaving the light places to be formed afterwards. This 
is called biftered paper. They ufe alfo a kind of paper 
for drawing, which is called tainted paper. A light co¬ 
lour is palled over the whole ground, which deprives the 
paper of its original brightnefs, and makes the light 
places of the print appear more in relievo, and more lu¬ 
minous. 
Tracing-paper .—The method mod: common and mod 
convenient for copying 'a print is to ufe oiled paper. The 
manner of preparing this paper is to take that which is 
thin and fmooth, known commonly by the name of Jer- 
pent-paper, and moiden it with a compofition, two parts 
of the oil of walnuts and one part of the oil of turpen¬ 
tine mixed well together. A (heet of padeboard and a 
(beet of paper are laid on a fmooth table; above them are 
placed two fheets of paper to be prepared ; and a layer of 
the oil applied to the uppermod is fufficient to penetrate 
both. This may be done to any number of (heets, and a 
llrong (heet of padeboard is placed over the whole. The 
heap is afterwards fubmitted to the prefs, under which it 
remains for two or three days, till the oil is completely 
dry. Paper prepared in this manner ferves to copy very 
readily and exactly all kinds of figures and plans ; be- 
caufe, being altogether tranfparent, all the parts of the 
drawing, whether of light or (hade, are eafily diftingudhed 
through it. 
In the year 1812, the Society of Arts voted a premium 
to Mr. Cathery, of Mead-row, Lambeth, for the inven¬ 
tion of a tracing-paper for engravers and painters, of 
which the following is the method of preparation : Take 
one quart of the bed rectified fpihits of turpentine, and 
put to it a quarter of an ounce of fugar of lead finely 
powdered ; (hake it up, and let it dand a day and night; 
then pour it off, and add to it one pound of the bed Ca¬ 
nada balfam ; fet it in a gentle fand-heat, and keep dir- 
ring it till it is quite mixed, when it will be fit for ufe. 
Then lay your paper on a fmooth board, and, with a 
large brufti, brufh your paper over very even with the 
mixture, and then hang it upon lines to dry; and it will 
be fit for ufe in about four days. 
This paper, fays Mr. Cathery, “ will be of great ufe 
to engravers, as it will not turn yellow, as the tracing- 
paper now in general ufe is apt to do ; which takes off 
the tranfparency and prevents the artid from feeing the 
drawing or painting that is under it fo plain as he could 
wi(h, particularly if the drawing or painting is very deli¬ 
cate, or of a yellowilh, colour, It is very tranfparent; 
and, as the pencil will mark better on this than it will on 
the yellow paper, it will be the better for thofe that trace 
on the ground that is laid on the copper by means of a 
point and a coloured paper under it, as they will fee the 
tracing plainer; and, if laid on the copper-plate that has a 
ground on it, and palled through a printing-prefs, the 
marks of the pencil will adhere quite perfefr- to the 
ground ; and, as the tracing-paper is dry, it will not dick 
to the ground, and tear it up, as the other paper will 
fometimes, on account of its being frefh made; for, if 
kept Jong, it will turn yellow and thick. The longer 
my paper is made the better it is, arid keeps clear and 
white. I can make and fell it at the fame price as the 
paper which is now made. You may trace or write with 
a pen and ink on it, if the ink.has a little ox-gall put 
into it.” The fame gentleman received 3 premium of 
twenty guineas the year preceding, for his method of fix- 
ng black and white chalk drawings. 
Mareled Paper is a fort of paper varioufly dained,or 
painted as it were with divers colours ; made by applying 
a (heet on the furface of a liquor wherein colours diluted 
with oil or ox-gall are ftifpended. 
The manner of making it is thus : A trough is provi¬ 
ded of the fhape and dirnendons of a (heet of the paper 
to be marbled, and about four fingers deep ; this js made 
of lead or wood well joined, and pitched or primed to 
contain the liquor. For the liquor, a quarter of a pound 
of gum tragacanth is macerated four or five days in fair 
water ; this they ftir from time to time, and add to it 
daily frefh water, till it be of a confiftency fomewhat 
thinner than oil; then they drain it into the trough. 
The colours to be applied are—For blue, indigo ground 
up with white lead, or Pruffian blue and verditer may be 
ufed. For green, indigo and orpiment, the one ground 
and the other tempered, mixed and boiled together with 
common water; or verdigris, a mixture of Dutch pink 
and Pruffian blue, or verditer, in different proportions. 
For yellow, orpiment bruifed and tempered ; or Dutch 
pink and yellow ochre. For red, the fined lake, ground 
with rafpings of Bralil wood, which has been prepared 
by boiling half a day; or carmine, rofe-pink, vermilion, 
and red-lead ; the two latter of which lhould be mixed 
with rofe-pink or lake, to bring them to a l'ofter cad. For 
orange, orange-lake, or a mixture of vermilion, or red- 
lead, with Dutch pink. For purple, rofe-pink and Pruf¬ 
fian blue. Into all thefe colours, properly ground with 
fpirit of wine, they put a little .ox or fifh gall, which is 
two or three days old; and, if the colours dilate not 
of themfelves fufficiently, they add more gall ; on the 
contrary, if they fpread too much, the gall is over-dofed, 
and mud be corrected by adding more of the colour with¬ 
out gall. 
For the operation of marbling, when the gum is well 
fettled in the trough, they extend a (heet of paper and 
plunge it very (hallow into the liquor, fuddenly lifting it 
out again, in order to dir up and raife the fubliding gum 
towards the furface, and for the more univerfal impreg¬ 
nating of the liquor. This done, and all the colours 
ranged in gallipots 011 the table, where alfo the trough is 
placed, they begin by dipping a brulh of hog’s hair into 
any colour, commonly the blue firft, and fprinkle it on 
the furface of the liquor : if the colour has been rightly 
prepared, it will dilate itfelf duly therein. This done, 
the red is applied in the like manner, but with another 
pencil: after this the yellow : ladly the green. For white, 
it is made by only fprinkling fair water mixed with ox¬ 
gall over the liquor. When all the colours are thus 
floating on the liquor, to give them that agreeable cam- 
bletting which we admire in marble paper, they ufe a 
pointed flick ; which, being applied by drawing it from 
one fide of the trough to the other, with add refs, ftirs up 
the liquor and fluctuating colours; then with a comb, 
made of wood, about five inches long, with brafs teeth, 
about two inches in length, and a quarter of an inch dis¬ 
tant from each other, taken by the head with both hands, 
they comb the furface of the liquor in the trough, from 
one extreme to another, permitting only the teeth to en¬ 
ter : this, being performed with a gentle and uniform mo¬ 
tion, makes thofe clouds and undulations on which the 
beauty of the paper depends. 
If it be farther defired to have the colours lie in any 
other fantafticai pofture, reprefenring ferpep.ts, or the 
like, it is eft’eCfed with the pointed flick above mention¬ 
ed, by drawing it over what has been already combed; 
but this malt be done with a dextrous band, and with a 
(hallow dip into the liquor, circling, as if you would draw 
fome fiourifn, or figured letter. 
Laftly, the colours Being in this pofture, the operator 
difplays and applies on them a (heet of white inoiftened 
paper ; to do which, artift-like, requires a height only 
to be obtained by practice ; becaule the furraces of the 
liquor and the paper are to meet equally in all parts; 
which done, before the colours have time to foak through, 
which, unlefs the paper be very thick, will be in the (pace 
of two or three pulfes, he lifts up the paper nimbly, and 
with an even, hand ; and then, after fpreading it awhile 
on a board, hangs it on a line to dry ; which, when fuf- 
ficiently done, they firlt rub it with a little (bap, and then 
polilh it with a marble (tone, ivory knob, or glafs po- 
lilhers, or with a burnifherof jafper or agate. 
Some 
