386 
PAP 
ter every thing that hiftory tells us of Paphos in general, 
it may not be here improper to mention that it has been 
feveral times deftroyed. This city had a port, where vef- 
fels trading upon the coaft, ftill caft anchor : but this hap¬ 
pens only in i'u miner; for, being expofed to every wind, 
it is extremely dangerous. The bottom of it is full of 
ftiarp rocks; which fometimes defiroy the cables fo much, 
that mariners are obliged to keep them afloat on the fur- 
face of the water, by means of empty calks fixed to them 
at certain diftances. In the neighbourhood there are two 
caftles ; one on the borders of the fea, and the other on 
the fummit of a little hill: but the latter is at prefent in 
ruins. The government of Paphos confifts of a digdaban, 
orcommiflary ; a-cadi; and an aga, who prelides over the 
cuftom-houfe. Of all the Chriftian edifices, there is none 
remaining but the church of St. George, in which fervice 
is performed by the Greek minifters. The productions 
of this part of the ifland, which are all of an excellent; 
quality, are filk, barley, and other kinds of grain. To 
difcover the origin of the Old and New Paphos, would 
be carrying light into the midft of the thickeft darknefs.. 
When we have added conjecture to conjefture, we are 
ftill in the fame fituation. As this is an attempt fuperior 
to my abilities, I fhall leave it to the divining, though 
uncertain, knowledge of our antiquaries. I muft, how¬ 
ever, obferve, that in this ifland St. Paul by his eloquence 
converted Sergius, a Roman proconful : herelikewife he 
conferred the deaconftiip on his difciple and colleague 
Titus, who foon after fufFered martyrdom. Paphos was 
an epifcopal city in the time of the Lufignans; and it is 
ftill the teat of a bifhop, who is fuft’ragan to the arch- 
bithop of Nicofia. On the weftern fide of the ifland 
there are a great number of fcattered villages ; but they 
are not worthy of notice, being either abandoned or in 
ruins.” 
Mr. Bruce in forms us, that in the neighbourhood of this 
place many filver medals of excellent workmanthip are 
dug up ; but that they are of little eftimation among an¬ 
tiquarians, being chiefly of towns, of the fize of thofe 
found at Crete and Rhodes, and in all the iflands of the 
Archipelago. There are fome excellent Greek intaglios, 
generally upon better ftones than ufual in the iflands ; 
particularly fome heads of Jupiter, remarkable for bulhy 
hair and a beard of excellent workmanthip, and worthy 
of any price. All the inhabitants of the ifland are fub- 
jeCir to fevers, but efpecially thofe in the neighbourhood 
of Paphos. The fame traveller obferves, that Cyprus 
was very long unclifcovered ; for, though fhips had been 
failing on the Mediterranean 1700 years before Chrift, 
and though the ifland is only a day’s failing from the con¬ 
tinent of Alia on the north and eaft, and little more from 
that of Africa on the fouth, it was not known at the 
building of Tyre, a little before the Trojan war, that is, 
500 years after the neighbouring leas had been navigated. 
It was covered with wood at its firft difcovery; and our 
author is of opinion, that it u'as not well known even 
at the time of the building of Solomon’s temple; becaufe 
we do not find that Hiram king of Tyre, though juft in 
its neighbourhood, ever had recourfe to it for wood ; 
though the carriage would undoubtedly have been eafier 
from thence than to have brought it down from the top 
of Mount Lebanon. Eratolthenes informs us, that in 
ancient times the ifland was fo overgrown with wood, 
that it could not be tilled; fo that they firft cut down 
the timber to be ufed in the furnaces for melting filver 
and copper ; that after this they built fleets with it : but, 
finding even this infufficient, they gave liberty to all 
ftrangers to cut it down for whatever purpole they 
pleated ; and not only fo, but they gave them afterwards 
the property of the ground they had cleared. Matters 
are now quite altered; and the want of wood is a princi¬ 
pal complaint in moft parts of the ifland. About Aca- 
mas, however, on the weft fide of the ifland, the wood is 
ftill thick and impervious, inhabited by large flags and 
wild boars of a monftrous fize. 
PAP 
PA'P.HUS, a fon of Pygmalion, by a ftatue which had 
been changed into a woman. See Pygmalion. 
PA'PIA, )'. in botany. See Lamium. 
PA'PIAN-POPHS'AN LAW, in Roman antiquity, 
was enaCFed by the confuls M. Papias Mutilus, and Q. 
Popasus Secundus. This law obliged all men to marry 
at a certain age, eftabliflied great exemptions and privi¬ 
leges in favour of thofe that had children, and laid heavy 
fines on all who after a certain age continued fingle. It 
was alfo called the Julian law, becaufe it had been pub- 
liflied by the order of Auguftus, who was of the Julian 
family. The feverity of this law was mitigated by Ti¬ 
berius. 
PA'PIAS, bifhop of Hierapolis, a city of Phrygia, is 
placed by Cave under the year 110 ; but, according to 
others, he flourifhed about the year 115 orn6. How 
long he lived is uncertain. Stephen Gobar, as quoted 
in Photius’s Codex, afferts that he died a martyr ; and 
the author of the Alexandrian Chronicle affirms that he 
fufFered at Pergamos during the fevere perfecution in the 
reign of Marcus Aurelius ; but, fince neither Eufebius 
nor Jerome mention this circumltance, it muft be ad¬ 
mitted to be at lead; of doubtful authority. Irenasus 
fpeaks of him as a hearer of John, and companion of 
Polycarp ; and by John feems to intend the apoftie and 
evangelift. Eufebius, however, and Jerome, obferve, 
that Papias “ does by no means fay, that he heard or favv 
any of the holy apoftles, but only, that he received the 
things concerning the faith from thofe who were well 
acquainted with them ; that he received the apoftles’ 
fayings from thofe who converfed with them ; and that 
he was a hearer of Ariftion, and John the prefbyter.” The 
charafter which tiiey give of Papias is, that he was a 
good man, but very credulous, and of mean abilities, 
who delighted much in hearing and telling ftones, and 
relating miracles which he learned from tradition. He 
was the firft who propagated the famous notion con¬ 
cerning 1 the Millennium, or perfonal reign of Jefus Chrift 
upon earth for a thouland years after the refurreftion, 
when he believed that the eleCt fhould be gathered toge¬ 
ther at Jerufalem, and enjoy all the felicity imaginable 
during that period. Papias was the author of “ An Ex¬ 
plication of the Oracles of the Lord, in five books;” of 
which we have now nothing left, excepting the fragments 
which are preferved in the writings of Irenasus and Eu- 
febius. Thefe are chiefly valuable on account of the 
tellimony which they afford to the genuinenefs of the 
Gofpels of St. Matthew and St. Mark, and of the firft 
Epiftles of S,t. Peter and St. John. Cave's Hijl. Lit. vol. i, 
Lardner's Cued. vol. i v 
PA'PIER-MACHE. See the article Paper, p. 359. 
PAPIGOHA'VEN, a bay on the eaft coaft of Scot¬ 
land, and county of Caithnefs : one mile north of Wick. 
PAPIL'IO, [Latin.] The Butterfly ; in entomo¬ 
logy, a genus of infe&s of the order lepidoptera. Gene¬ 
ric characters : Antennas thickening towards the extre¬ 
mity, commonly terminating in a knob or clavated tip $ 
wings, when fitting, ereCt and meeting upwards. They 
fly in the day-time; and are thus diftinguilhed from the 
moths, which fly in the night.—Conjecture cannot efti- 
mate all the kinds of papilios, natives of this ifland, to 
fall ftiorr of three hundred. Ray. 
There is no clafs of infeCts which has been more accu¬ 
rately examined, or whofe hiftory has been more fully 
detailed, than that of the butterfly and moth. Two 
large volumes have been dedicated folely to this tribe by 
the indefatigable Reaumur. 
The larva; of butterflies are univerfally and emphati¬ 
cally known by the name of caterpillars, and are extreme¬ 
ly various in their forms and colours; fome being ftnooth, 
others befet with either Ample or ramified fpines, See . 
and fome are obferved to protrude from their front, when 
difturbeef, a pair of fhort tentacula or feelers, fomewhat 
analogous to thofe of a fnail. 
A caterpillar, when grown to its full fize, retires to 
fome 
