388 
P A P I L I O. 
This highly-rational elucidation of a phenomenon at 
firft view fo inexplicable, feems to have been firft given 
by the celebrated Peirefc, who with his own eyes ob- 
ferved theveftiges of an appearance of this kind in France 
in the year 1608, and was clearly convinced of its real 
origin, viz. the difcharge above mentioned from a fpe- 
cies of butterfly, which happened during that feafon to 
be uncommonly plentiful in the particular diftriFt where 
the phenomenon was obferved. The lame idea was alio 
entertained by Swammerdam, though he does not appear 
to have verified it from his own obfervation. 
The prodigious number of fpedes in this genus, 1157, 
has made it abfolutely neceflary to divide the whole into 
fedtions or fets, inftituted from the habit or general ap¬ 
pearance, and, in fome degree, from the dillribution of 
the colour on the wings. This divifion of the genus is 
conducted by Linnaeus in a peculiarly elegant and in- 
1 tr 11 (dive manner, being an attempt to combine, in fome 
degree, natural and civil hiftory, by attaching the memory 
of lome iiluftrious ancient name to an infeft of fuch or 
fuch a particular calf. 
The firft Linn jean divifion confifts of the Eqviies, dif- 
tinguilhed by the ihape of their upper wings, which are 
longer, if meafured from their hinder angle to their an¬ 
terior extremity, than from the fame point to the bale. 
Some of this divifion have filiform or fharpened antennse, 
in which particular they refemble moths, but may ge¬ 
nerally be very clearly di fling milled by their habit or 
general Ihape. The Equites are either Troes, Trojans, 
diftinguifhed by having red or blood-coloured fpots or 
patches on each fide their breads ; or Achivi, Greeks, 
without red marks on the bread, of gayer colours in 
general than the former, and often having an eye-fhaped 
fpot at the inner corner of the lower wings. 
The next divifion confids of the Heliconii. Thefe are 
diftinguifhed by the narrownefs of their wings, which 
are alio, in general, of a more tranfparent appearance than 
in the other divifions; their upper wings are alfo gene¬ 
rally much more oblong than the lower, which are fliort 
in proportion. 
The third divifion is called Parvafii. Thefe have the 
wings entire ; the upper ones round. 
The fourth divifion confids of the Danai, (from the 
fons and daughters of Danaus.) They are divided into 
Danai candidi, or thole in which the ground-colour of the 
wing's is generally white ; and' the Danai fejlivi, in which 
the ground-colour is never white, and in which a greater 
variety of colour occurs than in the candidi. The wings 
of the Danai are of a fomewhat rounder Ihape than thole 
of the Heliconii, or lefs dretched out. 
The fifth leb’tion confids of the Nymphales , and is dif- 
tinguiflied by the edges of the wings being fcolloped- or 
indented: it is fubdivided into the Nymphales gemmati, 
in which eye-fiiaped fpots are feen either on all the wings, 
or on the upper or lower pair only; and into the Nym~ 
phales phalerati , in which no oceilated fpots are vifible on 
the wings, but, in general, a great variety of colours. 
The fixth lection contains the Plebeii. Thefe are, in 
general, fmaller than the preceding kinds of butterflies, 
arid are fubdivided into Plebeii nrhicolce, or thofe in which 
the wings are marked by femi-tranl'parent fpots; and 
Plebeii ruralcs, in which the fpots or patches have no 
tranfparency. 
The arrangement made by Fabricius is upon the fame 
principle, but fomething varied in the detail and fub- 
divifions; and this lad didribution is adopted by Dr. 
Turton in his tranflation of Gmelin's .Linnreus. It is 
not our intention to infect the whole of this jmmenle 
catalogue ; but to fele£t fuch of the fpecies as pofiefs any 
remarkable particularity, either of colour or form, and 
which may claim to be illullrated by the engravings which 
accompany the article ; on which lad particular it may be 
neceflary to premile, that feveral of the mod beautiful 
fpecies have been already reprefented, in the courfe of the 
1 
work, in connexion with the plant or flower which they 
are known to inhabit. 
I. Equites, Horfemen or Knights, a. Troes, Trojans. 
1. Papilio Paris : black ; wings tailed, that is, furniflied 
with a pair of lengthened procefles, black ; the lower ones 
with a large blue fpot and purple eye, and feven lunules 
beneath. It is found in China, and other parts of Alia; 
and is reprefented on the annexed Plate, at fig. 1. 
2. Papilio Heftor: wings tailed, black, both furfaces of 
the fame colour; the upper pair with an uninterrupted 
white band ; lower ones with numerous crimfon fpots. 
The thorax is red on each fide. It is a native of the Eaft 
Indies, and feeds on the Aridolochia, or birthwort. 
3. Papilio Afcanius : wings tailed, black, with a com¬ 
mon white band, both furfaces alike; the lower ones 
clouded red. It inhabits BrafiL 
4. Papilio Antenor, This is a very large fpecies, mea- 
furing fix inches and a half in extent of wings. Its co¬ 
lour is black, with numerous cream-coloured fpots and 
patches ; and the under wings, which are tailed, are 
edged with a row of red crefcent-lhaped fpots. It is a 
native of India. See fig. 2. 
5. Papilio Troilus : wings tailed, black ; the upper ones 
with pale marginal fpots; lower ones with pale fpots 
above, and fulvous ones beneath. Found in North 
America. See fig. 3. 
6. Papilio Ilioneus : wings tailed, black ; the lower ones 
with a bluifii border, fulvous at the angle of the tail, with 
red fpots beneath. It inhabits Georgia. 
7. Papilio Glaucus: wings tailed, brown ; the lower ones 
blue-black, fulvous at the angle of the tail, with yellow 
lunules beneath. It inhabits America. 
8. Papilio Palinurus : wings tailed, black, with green- 
gold fpecks, and a common blue-green band. It is found 
at Tranquebar. 
9. Papilio Crinis: wings tailed, black, with green-gold 
fpecks, and a common blue-green band; the lower ones 
beneath with green, blue, and cinereous, lunules. It is 
found in Africa. 
10. Papilio Deipbobus: wings tailed, black, the bafe 
beneath fpotted with red; the lower ones with feven red 
and almoft angular fpots. It is found in divers parts 
of Afia. 
11. Papilio Peleus : wings tailed, black ; the upper ones 
with a white band; the lower pair with white marginal 
lunules, and two red dots. It is found in India. 
12. Papilio Afterias : wings tailed, black, with two ma¬ 
cular bands; angle of the tail fulvous, witn a deep black 
dot. Found in America. This is (hown at fig. 4. 
13. Papilio Phorbanta: wings tailed, black, fpotted 
with blue; lower ones with an interrupted white band 
beneath. Found in the ifland of Cayenne. 
14. Papilio Philenor: wings tailed, black; the lower 
ones with a greenilh glofs, and feven eye-like fpots be¬ 
neath. It inhabits America. See fig. 5. 
15. Papilio Cyrus: wings tailed, black, the margin fpot¬ 
ted with white; lower ones with a white macular band, 
and marked beneath with feven red lunules. A ipecimen 
is preferved in the Britifli Myfeum. 
16. Papilio Achates : wings tailed, black, rufous at the 
bafe, both furfaces nearly of the fame colour; the lower 
ones with a white fpot divided into eight parts. It is 
found in China. 
( 3 . There is a variety of this fpecies named Papilio 
Alcenor, with brown wings, black at the bafe; the upper 
ones with a rufous fpot; lower ones with white fpots. 
17. Papilio Priamus ; wings indented,.filky ; upper pair 
above green, with a black dilk and edge ; lower ones with 
from four to fix black Ipots. This, lays Dr. Shaw, (houid 
take the lead, not only from the correl'ponding dignity 
of the name, but from the exquifite appearance or the 
animal itlelf, which Linnseus conlidered as the mod beau¬ 
tiful of the whole papilionaceous ufibe, It mealures more 
than 
