33G P A P 
PAP 
beneath green. This is found in our own country, and 
other parts of Europe. 
< 3 . Plebeii urbicolce; of or near towns. 
2.87. Papilio exclamationis : wings entire, divaricate, 
brown ; upper pair with a yellowilh line, and dots under 
it. Inhabits India. 
288. Papilio comma : wings entire, divaricate, fulvous 
with a black line on the upper pair ; beneath ipotted with 
white. This is found in England. 
289. Papilio linea: wings entire, divaricate, fulvous, 
edged with black. It inhabits Auftria. 
290. Papilio colon : wings divaricate, fulvous, with a 
brown flriate margin and Ipot in the middle. It inhabits 
India. 
291. Papilio bixse: wings rounded, brown, greenifh at 
thebafe; lower ones beneath with a yellow band. It in¬ 
habits America. 
292. Papilio melvte : wings indented, divaricate, brown, 
with cinereous waves ; upper pair with hyaline dots ; 
lower ones with white dots beneath.' Inhabits this coun¬ 
try. Fig. 35. .... 
293. Papilio fritillum : wings entire, divaricate, black, 
dotted with white. It inhabits Europe. 
294. Papilio vibrius : wings entire, black ; upper pair 
with three white dots 5 lower ones tipped with white. In¬ 
habits Surinqpt 
295. Papilio pygmaeus: wings entire, brown, imma¬ 
culate. 
The method of preserving butterflies, for forming a 
cabinet, has been Ihown under the article Entomology, 
vol. vi. p. 844. but, where the very large fpecies are the 
objects of attention, it will not be amifs to advert to the 
directions given under Natural History, vol. xvi. 
p. 602. We fliall conclude this article with extracting,- 
from Edwards’s Hift. of Birds, vol. ii. a method of tak¬ 
ing impreiuons from butterflies, fo as to form a picture. 
“ Take butterflies, or field-moths, either thole catched 
abroad, or fuch as are taken in caterpillars and nurfed in 
the houfe till they be flies; clip off their wings very clofe 
to their bodies, and lay them on clean paper, in the form 
of a butterfly when flying; then have ready prepared 
gum arable that hath been feme time difibived in water, 
and is pretty thick ; if you put a drop of ox-gall into a 
fpoonful of this, it will be better for the ufe; temper 
them well with your linger, and fpread a little of it on a 
piece of thin white paper, big enough to take both fides 
of your fly. When it begins to be clammy under your 
finger, the paper is in proper order to take the feathers 
.-from the wings of the fly. Then lay the gummed fide on 
the wings, and it will take them up. Then double your 
paper fe as to have all the wings between the paper. Then 
lay it on a table, prefling it clofe with your fingers; and 
you may rub it gently with feme fmooth hard thing. 
Then open the paper and take out the wings, which will 
come forth t-ranfparent: the down of the upper and un¬ 
der fide of the wings flicking to the gummed paper, form a 
juft likenefsof both fides of the wings in their natural fliapes 
and colours. The nicety of taking off flies depends on a juft 
degree of moifture of the gummed paper : for, if it be too 
wet, all will be blotted and confufed; and, if too dry, your 
paper will,flick fe fall together, that it will be torn in fe- 
paration. When you have opened your gummed papers, 
and they are dry, you muft draw the bodies from the 
natural ones, and paint them in water-colours : you 
muft .take paper that will bear ink very well for this ufe; 
for flnking-paper will feparate with the reft, and fpoil 
all." 
PAPILIONA'CEOUS, adj. [from papilio, Lat.]—The 
flowers of feme plants are called papilionaceous by bota- 
nifts, which reprefent femething of the figure of a but¬ 
terfly, with its wings difplayed; and here the petala, or 
flower-leaves, are always of a diform figure: they are 
four in number, but joined together at the extremities ; 
one of thefe is ufually larger than the reft, and is ereCled 
in the middle of the flower, and by feme called vcxillum; 
the plants that have this flower are of the leguminous 
kind ; as peafe, vetches, &c. Quincy. —All leguminous 
plants are, as the learned fay, papilionaceous, or bear but- 
terflied flowers. Harte. 
PAPIL'LA, j. [Latin.] The nipple. 
PAPIL'LJE, f pin. The nipples of the breads; the 
dugs of beads ; little protuberances on the tongue ; glan¬ 
dules on feveral parts of the body, fo called on account 
of their refemblance to a pap or nipple. 
PAPILLARY, or Papil'lous, adj. Having emul- 
gent veffels, or refemblances of paps.—Malpiglii con¬ 
cludes, becaufe the outward cover of the tongue is per¬ 
forated, under which lie papillary parts, that in thefe 
the tafte lieth. Derhani's P/tyJ'. Theol. —The papillovs in¬ 
ward coat of the inteftines is extremely fenfible. Arluth- 
nnton Aliments. —In botany; feme what like a nipple; to 
be diftinguilhed from verrucofus, or warty. 
PAPILLON' (Philibert), a man of letters, was the 
fen of an eminent advocate at Dijon, where he was born 
in 1666. He ftudied firft in the Jefuits’ college at Dijon, 
and afterwards at Paris, where he was admitted a bache¬ 
lor of civil and canon law. Returning to his native 
province, he embraced the ecclefiaftical ftate, and re¬ 
ceived prielt’s orders in 1694. He had previoully ob¬ 
tained a canonry of a moderate revenue, but fulficient 
for all his wants, fince his foie ambition was to poffefs 
a good library, and to be able to devote himfelf to the 
cultivation of literature. The great objeCt of his re- 
fearches was literary hiftory, efpecially that of his own 
province ; and, as he was obligingly communicative of 
his (fores, the works of feveral other writers were en¬ 
riched by his collections. The principal work of his 
own, was his “ Bibliotheque des Auteurs de Bourgogne.” 
which appeared after his death in two volumes folio,1 742 
and 1745. This eftimable man, whofe modeft, frank, 
and amiable, difpofition, endeared him to all his acquaint¬ 
ance, died at Dijon in J738. 
PAPIMOUAGOU', a lake of Canada: feventy miles 
north-north-eaft of Quebec. Lat. 50. N. Ion. 69. 20. W. 
PAP'IN (Denys), an ingenious phyfician, the fen of 
Nicholas Papin, alfo a phyfician, was born at Blois. He 
took the degree of M.D. and travelled to England, where 
he was eleCted a fellow of the Royal Society in December 
1680. He paffed the following year in London, and pub- 
liftied an account of a machine which he had invented 
and which (fill bears his name ; this was “The New Di- 
gefter, or Engine for the foftening of bones; 4to. 1681. 
It loon appeared in French, with the title of La Maniere 
d'Amollir les Os, et de faire cuire toutes fortes de Viandes 
en peu de terns et a pen de fraix; Paris, 1682. The ma¬ 
chine confifts of a very ftrong metal boiler, with an air¬ 
tight cover ferewed down with great force; hence the 
contained fluid, being incapable of efcaping either by 
evaporation or by burfting the machine, may be heated 
to a degree far beyond that of boiling water, fe as to 
diffolve the gluten of bones and cartilages. He after¬ 
wards improved this digelter, and it has fince been much 
employed inchemical and philofophical experiments. He 
aftifted Boyle in various experiments, of which an ac¬ 
count is given in the Hiftory of the Royal Society. Papin 
was a Calvinift, and was therefore prevented from return¬ 
ing home by the revocation of the ediCt of Nantes. He 
afterwards refided at Marpurg, where he taught the ma¬ 
thematics, and publiflied a “Fafciculus Diflertationum 
de quibufdam Machinis Phyficis,” iimo. 1696; and, in 
1707, he publiflied at Frankfort, an account of a machine 
which he had invented for railing water by the aCtion of 
fire,entitled “ Ars nova ad aquam ignis adminiculo effi- 
caciflime elevandam.” 
His father, Nicholas Papin, mentioned above, was au¬ 
thor of feveral works, which, however, are nearly forgot¬ 
ten. Two of them related to the powder of fympathy, 
which he defended ; and one to the difeovery of Harvey, 
which he oppofed. 
PA'PIN, 
