418 PAR 
account of the rifing and fetting of the ftars, eclipfes of 
the fun and moon, the feafons of the year, &c. whence^ 
aftrologers give this name to the tables on which they 
draw figures according to their art. Phillips. —Our fore¬ 
fathers, obferving the courfe of the fun, and marking 
certain mutations to happen in his progrefs through the 
zodiac, fet them down in their parapegms, or aftronomical 
canons. Brown's Vul. Err. 
PARAPEG'MATA, f. The tables on which the 
aftrologers draw their figures. 
PAR'APET, f. [from the Ital. parare, to guard, and 
petto, the bread:.] A wall breaft-high. See Fortifica¬ 
tion. —There was a wall or parapet of teeth fet in our 
mouth to reftrain the petulancy of our words. B.Jonfon. 
PAR'APH, /. A particular charafter, knot, or flourifli, 
which people habituate themfelves to make always in the 
fame manner at the end of their name, to prevent their 
fignature from being counterfeited.—The paraph of the 
kings of France ufed to be a grate, which the lecretaries 
always place before their own, in all letters, See. Chambers. 
PARAPHERNA'LIA,/ [from the Gr. arcipa., befides, 
and (pifre, dower.] Goods which a wife brings her hufband 
befides her dower, and which are ft ill to remain at her 
difpofal excluiive of her hufband, unlefs there is fome 
provifion made to the contrary in the marriage-contradl. 
Some of our Englilh civilians define the paraphernalia to 
be fuch goods as a wife challenged! over and above her 
dower or jointure, after the hufband’s death ; as furniture 
for her chamber, wearing-apparel, and jewels, which are 
not to be put into the inventory of her hufband’s goods. 
A French civilian calls paraphernalia the moveables, linen, 
and other female neceffaries, which are adjudged to a 
wife in prejudice of the creditors, when fhe renounces the 
fucceffion of her hufband.—In one particular inftance the 
wife may acquire a property in fome of her hufband’s 
goods, which Ihall remain to her after his death, and fhall 
not go to his executors. Thefe are called her parapher¬ 
nalia ; which is a term borrowed from the civil law, and 
is derived from the Greek language, fignifying fome- 
thing over and above her dower. Our law ufes it to 
iignify the apparel and ornaments of the wife, fuitable to 
her rank and degree : the jewels of a peerefs, ufually 
worn by her, have been held to be paraphernalia. 
Blaeltjlone. 
PARAPHIMOSIS,/, [from the Gr. trance, back, and 
<pijj,oa, to bridle.] A diforder of the penis, in which the 
prepuce is drawn backward, behind the glans, and can¬ 
not be brought forward again. The complaint is the 
very reverfe of plnjmofis, which is attended with a con- 
traftion of the opening of the prepuce, fo that the glans 
cannot be uncovered. Both thefe difeafes are moftly the 
confequence of an inflammatory thickening of the pre¬ 
puce, arifingfrom the irritation of gonorrhoea, a chancre, 
or fimple excoriations. —Paraphimofis very frequently fol¬ 
lows phymofis, by the thickened prepuce being very im¬ 
properly drawn back behind the glans. Chambers. —See 
the article Surgery. 
PARAPHO'NIA, / [from the Gr. trapa., and (pure , the 
voice.] A depraved found of the voice in fpeaking. See 
Pathology. 
Paraphonia, in mufic, is that fpecies of concord which 
refults from different founds, as the fifth and fourth : 
and thus it differs from homophonia, which is produced 
by the fame founds, as in the unifon ; and from anliphonia, 
or the replication of the fame founds, as in the oftave. 
PARAPH'ORA, f. A word ufed by the ancients to 
exprefs a flight kind of delirium, or light-headednefs, in a 
fever: fome have made it to fignify a delirium in general. 
PAR'APHRASE, f. [from the Gr. vta-ea., with, and 
(p^uau;, a fpeech.] A loole interpretation ; an explanation 
in many words.—In paraphrafe, or tranflation with lati¬ 
tude, the author’s words are not fo ftriftly followed as 
his fenfe, and that too amplified, but not altered : fuch is 
Mr. Waller’s tranflation of Virgil’s fourth i£neid. Dryden. 
—Colomefius looks on Erafmus’s Paraphrafe on the New 
Teftament as fo extraordinary a work, that he makes no 
PAR 
fcruple to declare, he thinks the author to have been 
divinely infpired when he penned it. Chambers. 
Paraphrase, Chaldee. SeeTARGUM. 
To PAR'APHRASE, v. a. To interpret with laxity of 
exprefiion; to tranflate loofely ; to explain in many 
words.—I could find in my heart, nay I can fcarce hold 
from reading and paraphrafing the whole chapter to you : 
but for brevity’s fake, and on promife that you will at 
your leifure furvey it, I will omit to infill on it. Hammond. 
—We are put to conftrue and paraphrafe our own words, 
to free ourfelves from the ignorance and malice of our 
adverfaries. Stillingfleet. 
To PAR'APHRASE, v. n. To make a paraphrafe.— 
Where tranflation is impracticable, they may paraphrafe. 
—But it is intolerable, that, under pretence of para- 
phrajhtg and tranflating, a way fliould befufferedof treat¬ 
ing authors to a manifeft difad vantage. Felton on the Clafics- 
What needs he paraphrafe on what we mean ? 
We were at word but wanton; he’s obfeene. Dryden. 
PAR'APHRAST, f A lax interpreter; one who ex¬ 
plains in many words.—The fitted: for publick audience 
are fuch as, following a middle courfe between the rigor 
of literal tranflators and the liberty of paraphrafls, do, 
with great fhortnefs and plainnefs, deliver the meaning. 
Hooker. 
PARAPHRAS'TIC, or Paraphrastical, adj. Lax 
in interpretation; not literal; not verbal.—It is the ge¬ 
nius, nay, the very effence, of oriental poetry, to be fo 
very puraphrafical in itfelf, as not to admit of further 
dilatation in any modern verfion. Mafon on Ch, Mujick. 
PARAPHRAS'TICALLY, adv. In a paraphraftical 
manner.—Touching tranflations, it is to be obferved, 
that every language hath certain idioms, proverbs, and 
peculiar exprefiions, of its own, which are not rendible in 
any other, but paraphrafticaUy. Howell. —Chapman, in 
his tranflation of Homer, profefles to have done it fome- 
what paraphraflically , and that on fet purpofe. Dryden. 
PARAPHRENI'TIS, or Paraphrenesis, / [not de¬ 
rived, it would appear, from (ppm, the mind, and there¬ 
fore fynonymous with phrenitis, or phrenfy; but from 
(ppenq, prtecordia ; and it is therefore fynonymous with 
Diaphragmitis.] An inflammation of the diaphragm. 
The fymptoms are a violent fever, a moll exquifite pain 
increafed upon infpiration, by which it is diftinguifhed 
from a pleurify, in which the greateft pain is in expiration. 
Arbuthnot. 
PARAPHROS'YNE, f. in the writings of fome phy- 
ficians, a flight and traniitory derangement of the intel- 
le£l, or non-febrile delirium, efpecially the temporary 
delirium occafioned by intoxicating and narcotic fub- 
ftances, fuch as fpirituous liquors, opium, ftramonium, 
hyofeyamus, hemp or bang, nightfhade, hemlock, the 
Kpj-pl lpqf C r n 
PARAPI'TI. See Madeira River. 
PARAPLE'GIA, or Paraplex'ia, /. [from the Gr. 
vafee, through, and TrX-oo-ffu, I ftrike.] A palfy affefting 
the whole body below the neck. See Palsy, p. 302. 
PARAQUI'TO, f A little parrot: 
Come, come, you paraquito, anfwer me 
Direftly to this queftion that I afk. Shahefpeare. 
PARARYTH'MUS, f. [from the Gr. ora. pa, befides, 
and a number.] A pulfe not fuitable to the age of 
a perfon. 
PAR'ASANG, or Farsang,/. [ parafanga , low Lat. 
parafange, Fr. 9raspa<7«yj»)s, Gr.] A Perlian meafure of 
length.—Since the mind is not able to frame an idea of 
any fpace without parts, inftead thereof it makes ufe of 
the common meafures, which, by familiar ufe, in each 
country, have imprinted themfelves on the memory ; as 
inches and feet, or cubits and parafangs. Locke. —To fee 
fo much difference betwixt words and deeds, fo many 
parafangs betwixt tongue and heart! Burton's Anatomy 
of Melancholy. 
This meafure has been different at different times, and 
in 
