PARIS. 487 
fide, at the bafe of which are laid the foundations of a 
palace never likely to be finilhed, the Palace of the King 
of Rome. 
The remaining bridges not already noticed are—The 
Pont Grammont, a wooden bridge which paffes over a 
narrow channel from the Port St. Paul to the Ifle Lou- 
vier. It is the only wooden bridge in Paris.—The Pont 
de la Citt , a curious ftrudiure of (tone, iron, and wood, 
which connedts the two ifles (St. Louis and la Cite), and 
runs notacrols, but in the direction of, the ftream of the 
Seine. Though built in 1803, it is already fo infecure, 
that carriages are not permitted to pafs over it: foot-paf- 
fengers pay a fous every time they crofs it.—The Pont 
aux Doubles , a fmall old bridge, with houfes upon it, 
which, like the Pont Grammont, erodes only a fmall 
channel on one fide of the river, and joins the Ifle de la 
Cite to the main land on the fouth. The fare for palling 
it was formerly a double , a coin no longer in circulation 3 
whence the name. 
The bridges at Paris, owing to the elevation of the 
quays above the river, have very little afeent, and are 
therefore very convenient; they are, however, with the 
exception of the Pont Neuf, far inferior to the bridges of 
Rome or Florence ; and in magnitude and grandeur they 
fink into infignificance when compared with theftupen- 
dous maffes of Waterloo, Blackfriars, or Weftminlter. 
Quays. —Forty-nine quays line the lliores of the Seine, 
extending from eaft to weft about five Englilh miles, on 
both fides of the river, and which are at different parts 
diftinguilhed by different names, though in reality they 
form only two immenfely long quays. 
The river Seine, which is a running river, and not a 
tide river, has no commerce but what is carried on by 
boats. The quays are merely (tone embankments, with¬ 
out cranes for railing goods, or warehoitfes for receiving 
them, which are eflential parts of what is properly termed 
a quay. Thefe ftone embankments were firft begun in 
1312, in the reign of Philip the Fair. The height of the 
ftone-work is about fifteen feet, in fome places built on 
piles, and in others on a folid foundation of earth. 
Various forts of goods are landed at different parts of the 
river; and thefe are termed ports, though there is no ap¬ 
parent mark of any thing like a port. 
When it is conlidered that the waters of the river rife 
in winter about ten or twelve feet higher than in fumtner, 
it will be feen that an abfolute neceflity exifts for having 
ftone embankments; and the whole is fo well executed, 
that the borders of the river, or quays, are the pleafanteft 
and belt walks in Paris, with the exception of the Boule¬ 
vards and public gardens. 
In the time of Philip the Fair, the Quay of the Au- 
gujlins was a marlh covered with willows, and in fummer 
a kind of promenade, though muddy at other times of 
the year, and fubjebt to the inundations of the river. 
Le Quai de la Megijferie was conftrudted in 1369. In 
1642 the lliores of the Seine, between the Pont Notre 
Dame and the Pohtau Change, prefented a fhelving fur- 
face containing two dirty Itreets, with occupants equally 
difgurting ; when the marquis de Gevres obtained leave 
to "build between the two bridges, upon the condition 
that he Ihould confine the river within a proper embank¬ 
ment. 
Le Quai Dejfaix, on the other fide, was begun in 1800 by 
the engineer Lamande. At prefent nearly 400 toifes of 
new quays occupy the whole contour of the Ifle de la Cite, 
and which afford many agreeable points of view. 
Le Quai des Oifevres extends to Pont St. Michel ; that 
connects with the other fide of the fame bridge, fince the 
houfes were pulled down that lkirted the river in the 
Rue Sturepoix. 
At the extremity of the Quai des Celejlins is the Arfe- 
nal. The objedts that will particularly intereft a travel¬ 
ler in this building, are—a magnificent ceiling, painted 
by Mignard, and the cabinet in which Henry IV. ufed 
to unbofom his molt fecret thoughts to his incomparable 
friend and counfellor, Sully. The chimney, near which 
he ufually fat, is lhown to the viiiter. The marquis de 
Paulmy, who afterwards inhabited this hotel, would not 
permit the flighted alteration to be made in the arrange¬ 
ment or decoration of any of the apartments, but placed 
his chief happinefs in living furrounded by thofe objects, 
on which that good king had gazed, or which he had 
touched. 
No new quay has been made near the Pont Royal, a 
fpace always referved by the French king ; but fince 1708 
the Quai d'Orfay has undergone many alterations, and 
magnificent hotels have been raifed on the banks of the 
Seine, under the promife of its completion. Till 1801 
the intended defigns were incomplete ; but fince that pe¬ 
riod, and within the courfe of three or four years, M. 
Lamande has executed the orders of government in the 
conftrublion of a magnificent quay, upwards of 400 toifes 
in length. As the different elevations of the two bridges 
ferve as points d'appui, and the inequalities of the foil 
filled up between the two extremities of the line, the cen¬ 
tre prelents a fine front perfebtly horizontal, which con- 
ftitutes a regulatity not to be found in any of the other 
quays. The height of this quay is about fifteen feet, and 
its foundation is partly upon terra finna, and partly upon 
piles. The fpace in front is about 92 feet by 100. Two 
handfome flights of double flair-cafes lead to the quay, 
enriched with emboffments, and ornamented in a fimi- 
lar manner with the extenfive and beautiful facade. This 
impofing line of building, viewed from the oppofite fide 
the Seine, being raifed in the mod exadt proportions, is 
undoubtedly the fineft bafement of all the edifices on this 
fide of the river, amongft which is the pretty palace of 
the Legion of Honour. 
Another quay is now carrying bn beyond the Pont 
Louis XVI. to be continued as far as the Invalides. 
Aqueducts and Canals. —The Aquedud of Romain- 
ville is the molt ancient in Paris, being anterior to the 
year 1274 ; and this fupplies the fountains of the Inno¬ 
cents, des Halles, and Maubue, with a quantity of wa¬ 
ter equal to 646 hoglheads in twenty-four hours ; but the 
fupply from the aquedubts of Belleville and Mefnelmon- 
tant are not fo copious. 
Aqueduc d'Arcueil. —This was begun by Catharine de 
Medicis, and the firft ftone laid in 1613 by Louis XIII. 
Jacques Delbroffes was the architedt. The length of this 
aquedudt is 1847 feet, its height about 74. It is compo- 
fed of twenty arcades, with a cornice ornamented with 
modillions, and furmounted by an attic. The diftance 
between Paris and Rungis, from whence the water is 
brought, is more than eight miles ; this aquedudt fupplies 
thirteen fountains; and near Rungis are the veftiges of 
that conftrubted by the Romans. 
Aqueduc et Canal de VOurcq. —This canal, which is 
upon an elevation confiderably above the Seine, fupplies 
Paris with 972,000 hogfheads of water in the courfe of 
every twenty-four hours. The length of this canal from 
its head to Lizy is about twenty-four leagues. In its 
courfe it receives the rivulets Grifette, de May, Ter- 
rouane, and Bevronne ; it terminates in the great bafon 
de la Villette, and is at the fame time a port for veffels 
from the Marne, a refervoir for the people of Paris, and 
a handfome ornament to the barrier of St. Martin. The 
celebrated engineer M. Girard is now engaged in bringing 
the Canal de Courcy to fupply Paris with water; mag¬ 
nificent works are conftrubting, extending from the canal 
in a line below Montmartre through Mr. Grefnuel’s park, 
which will form a refervoir running the whole length of 
Paris, and fave the expenfe of fteam-engines ; one league 
and a half has already been finiftied. 
The borders of the bafin near the barrier of St. Martin 
are planted with a double row of trees, forming an agree¬ 
able promenade in fummer; boats are alfo ufed on the 
fmooth furface of this fine (heet of water ; and in winter, 
when frozen, it is covered with clouds of lkaiters darting 
along in every direction. 
Before 
