490 
PARIS. 
turdaj’, from two till four in winter, and till fix in fummer. 
Here a very rigid police is employed to verify the ftate of the 
horfes, and to prevent any from being fold that are tin- 
found, or have any contagious diftemper. A regifter is 
kept of all that are fold, ana the fellers are made refpon- 
fible for nine days, in cafe of the horfes proving other- 
wife than warranted when fold. 
Marchd des Bceufs, Cattle Market.—Held on Mondays 
at Sceaux, and on Wednefdays at Poiffy, two villages near 
Paris. 
Abattoirs, Slaughter-houfes. — The flaughter-houfes, 
which are confidered the nuifance and difgrace of the 
Englifli metropolis, are placed in the outfkirts of Paris, 
and under the infpedtion of the police. The flaughter- 
houfe of Montmartre, at the end of Rue Rochechouart, 
rivals many of the public buildings in its external appear¬ 
ance. It is no lefs than 1074 feet in length, and 384 in 
depth, and is watered by fluices from the Ourcq. On en¬ 
tering it, the firanger perceives no difagreeable fmell; he 
witnefTes no difgufting fight; and often he would not 
fufpedt the purpofe to which the building is devoted. 
The flaughter-houfes of Popincourt, Rue des Amandiers, 
St. Antoine, and of Vaugirard, between the barriers of 
Sevres and PaillafTons, almoft rival that at Montmartre. 
The above public efiablifliments of markets and flaugh¬ 
ter-houfes are well worthy the attention of our own go¬ 
vernment: the paucity and inconvenience of our markets, 
and the impropriety and danger of having a large cattle- 
raarkef and flaughter-houfes in the very centre of a great 
city, have long been felt and acknowledged. Where we 
do not invent, we fliould not be too proud to imitate. 
Gates.— The Greeks and the Romans, and, before 
them, the Egyptians and the mighty people of Alia, ever 
eager to difplay their tafte, their zeal, and their prodi¬ 
gality, in adorning the principal cities of their refpedtive 
kingdoms, were extremely ingenious in the conftrudfion 
of gates, as may be perceived from the teftimony of ancient 
writers, fupported by what Hill remains of this branch of 
national magnificence. Indeed the gates were not only 
the proteftion of the inhabitants within the walls, and 
the admiration of ftrangers without, but alfo high courts 
of juftice, where the elders, and the kings themfelves, ufed 
to fit in judgment for the execution of the laws ; and 
the Ottoman court has preferved to this day an undenia¬ 
ble proof of the foregoing afiertion, in the truly Aliatic 
ltyle of “The Sublime Porte.” The gates of Athens, of 
Thebes, of Agrigentum, of Syracufe, &c. were un¬ 
doubtedly wonderful fpecimens of architedfure; and, 
when the Romans exchanged the manly penurioufnefs of 
their republican liberty for the glorious fervitude impofed 
upon them by their magnificent emperors, then the fa¬ 
mous feven-hills began to be approached, not by fmall 
apertures, flanked with uncouthly-built towers and pro- 
pugnacula, but by fculptured gates and lloried triumphal 
arches. Thofe of Titus and Vefpafian, looking Hill lo 
proudly upon the havoc made around them by the rapid 
and devaftating hands of barbarity, and the flow but con- 
ftantly-working fcythe of time, have given, in latter days, 
origin, through a noble imitation, to the eredlion of the 
Parifian gates under the reign of Louis XIV. But, of fe- 
veral which have adorned the capital of the French em¬ 
pire, two only remain ; the gate of St. Denis and that of 
St. Martin. Thofe of St. Antoine, St. Bernard, la Con¬ 
ference, and a dozen more, having been many years fince 
levelled with the ground. 
Gate of St. Denis. —This majeflic and elegant llrufture, 
after the defign of Blondel, mailer of mathematics to the 
Dauphin, fon of Louis XIV. is afquareof 72 Frenchfeet. 
The bay, or principal entrance, twenty-four feet, is flanked 
by two pyramids, attached to the work, and ornamented 
with trophies, in the pedeftals of which two fmall gates 
are elegantly contrived for foot-paflengers. 
The name of gate is now improperly given to this edi¬ 
fice; it is truly a triumphal arch. It was eredled by the 
city of Paris in commemoration of the uninterrupted fe- 
ries of viflories which diftinguilhed one period of the 
reign of Louis XIV. On each fide of the arch are pyra¬ 
mids in bas-relief, filled with trophies. The arrange¬ 
ment of the different pieces, and the execution of the 
whole, will fcarcely yield to the celebrated column of 
Trajan. On the fide towards the city, coloflal figures of 
Holland and the Rhine fit at the bale of the pyramids, 
and the pediment over the arch reprefents the paflage of 
the Rhine. Towards the fuburbs, the pyramids reft on 
lions, and the bas-relief over the arch reprefents the 
taking of Maeftricht. On both fides we read in golden cha¬ 
racters the well-known infcription, Ludovico Magko. 
The whole was erefted between the years 1672 and 1674. 
The execution was entrufted to the famous fculptor, Ge- 
rardon ; but the latter part of the work is from the hands 
of Michel Anguiere, a moll eminent artift at that time. 
The top of the building is flat and fpacious ; and many 
people who have not much to do, nor much money to 
fpare, by afcending a flight of flairs contrived within one 
of the limbs of this large body, enjoy, on a fine morning, 
a fine view over the capital, which is but feldom crowned 
with fog or fmoke. 
This monument has been regarded as one of the nobleft 
works of the age of Louis XIV. whether we confider the 
harmony of its proportions, or the admirable execution 
of all its parts. Having fuffered fome injury from time 
and from the ravages of the Revolution, M. Cellerier was 
employed to repair it. It does much credit to his tafte 
and his modefty, that he has contented himfelf with re- 
ftoring its original infcriptions and fculptures, without 
one addition or embellifliment. 
On arriving from Calais, you enter Paris by the Porte 
St. Denis; and it was by the Porte St. Denis that kings 
and queens made their public entry. On thefe occafions 
the houfes in all the ftreets through which they palled were 
decorated with filk hangings and tapeftry, as far as the 
cathedral of Notre Dame. Scented waters perfumed the 
air in the form of jets d’eau, while wine and milk actually 
were made to flow from different public fountains. On 
the 3d of May, 1814, when Louis XVIII. made his grand 
entree into the capital, the Porte St. Denis prefented on 
each fide a Ihield, with the arms of France fupported by 
two figures of Fame. A crown fufpended by garlands, 
defcended from the arch, and on this edifice, as on ail 
others, as well as at the doors of molt of the houfes, the 
fpotlefs banner waved, decorated with the emblematic lily. 
The Gate of St. Martin, is at a Ihort diftance from that 
of St. Denis. It was eredfed in 1674, as a triumphal arch, 
after the defign of Pierre Bullet, a famous architect of that 
age, at the northern extremity of the ftreet fo called from 
the convent of Benedidines anciently natn'ed St. Martin 
des Chumps, St. Martin’s in the Fields. It is a fquare build¬ 
ing, as to height and breadth on both fronts, of about 
fifty French feet, with three apertures like Temple Bar; 
the middle one being fifteen feet wide and thirty high, 
and the others eight feet wide and fixteen high. The 
fpaces above the fmaller arches are occupied by bas-reliefs, 
reprefenting, towards the city, the taking of Befanyon, 
and the Triple Alliance ; and on the fide of the fuburb, 
the taking of Limbourg, and the defeat of the Germans. 
Above is a pediment, and an infcription extending 
through the whole of the front. 
The gate of St. Martin is inferior to that of St. Denis 
in richnefs, but it does not yield to it in harmony of pro¬ 
portion, or delicacy of execution. It is the grand en¬ 
trance into Paris from all parts of Flanders. 
MANUFACTURES and COMMERCE. 
Since the introduction of machinery into France, chiefly 
by Englilhmen, aided by the difcoveries of modern che- 
miftry, and a more extenfive knowledge of mechanics, 
manufactures of all kinds are now carrying on by large 
capitalifts in the fpacious premifes of the old monafteries. 
Twenty-one thoufand perfons are daily occupied at Paris 
in fpinning, carding, and weaving, of wool, filk, and 
cottonj 
