PARIS. 
5S0 - 
tory and Peace, and the Car, are of lead, gilt with dead 
gold. 
The cry of the French now was, that it was abominable, 
execrable, to infult the king in his palace, to infult him 
in the face of his own fubjefts, by removing the horfes 
in the face of day ! I adjourned with a friend to dine at 
a rejtaurateur's, near the garden of the Tuileries, after 
witnefling what I have defcribed. Between feven and 
eight in the evening, we heard the rolling of wheels, the 
clatter of cavalry, and the tramp of infantry. A number 
of Britifli were in the room : they all rofe and ruflied to 
the door, without hats, and carrying in their hafte their 
white table-napkins in their hands. The horfes were 
going paft, in military procefiion, lying on their Tides in 
feparate Cars. Firft: came cavalry, then infantry, then a 
car; then more cavalry, more infantry, then another 
car, and fo on till all the four paft. The drums were beat¬ 
ing, and the ftandards went waving by. This was the 
only appearance of parade that attended any of the re¬ 
movals. Three Frenchmen, feeing the groupe of Eng- 
lifh, came up to us, and began a converfation. They ap¬ 
pealed to us if this was not fhameful. A gentleman ob¬ 
served, that the horfes were only going back to the place 
from whence the French had taken them : if there w<as 
a right in power for France, there mull alfo be one for 
other ftates: but the better way to confider thefe events, 
was, as terminating the times of robbery and difcord. 
Two of them feemed much inclined to come inftantly 
round to our opinion : but one was much more confident. 
He appeared an officer, and was advanced beyond the 
middle age of life. He kept lilence for a moment, and 
then, with ftrong emphafis, faid, “You have left me no¬ 
thing for my children but hatred againft England ; this 
Shall be my legacy to them.”—“Sir,” it w : as replied, “it 
will do your children no good, and England no injury.” 
The attention of Europe had, for fome time, been di¬ 
rected to the meeting of the French new legillature, in 
order to fee what meafures they would follow to heal the 
wounds of a diftrafted country. Their meeting alfo was 
generally underftood to be the period intended for dif- 
clofing the terms of peace. Every argument had been 
exhaufted, and delay created, in adjufting this important 
matter. The allied minifters would not liften to any 
terms till the French army was completely difbanded. 
When that was accomplifhed, the negociations for peace 
commenced. But we mull firft explain the pofition in 
which France ftood by the Treaty of Paris of the 30th of 
May, 1814, (imperfectly alluded to under the article 
London, vol. xiii. p. 395.) and by the Aft of Congrefs at 
Vienna, dated June 1, 1815, before the commencement of 
the late holtilicies. 
No perfon will be of opinion that this Aft of the Con¬ 
grefs polfefled only temporary intereft, and therefore 
might be difmifled with a brief and curfory notice, who 
reflects that by it the whole afpeCt of continental Europe 
is changed ; nearly the whole of the Smaller ftates, and 
fome of the larger, being, as it were, call in a new mould. 
By the wonderful fuccelfes of the French, the old lyltem 
of continental Europe had been overthrown-), and thole 
changes introduced which the fucceftive rulers of France, 
and efpecially Bonaparte, thought would molt direCtly 
and effectually tend to consolidate their power, and to 
acquire and preferve for France an afcendancy over the 
continent. As Soon as the reign of Bonaparte was at an 
end, the allied powers refolved to new-model the conti¬ 
nent. Their profeffed objeft was twofold: in the firft 
place, to do aw'ay all veltiges of French revolutionary 
principles, and their effeCts ; and, in the Second place. 
So to arrange the different ftates of the continent as to 
make a proper and juft balance of political weight. 
The official papers, in which the refult of the labours 
of the allied powers is laid before the world, confift of 
the General Treaty of Congrefs ligned at Vienna, and of 
Seventeen afts of a particular nature. As this Treaty is 
of the higheft importance, we regret that our limits will 
not allow us to infert it entire in this place; but the 
mode we have purfued has been this, to copy certain parts 
of it under the geographical articles to which they apply, 
a particular inftance of which will be found under the 
article Netherlands, vol. xvi. p. 742, 3, 4. We Shall, 
however give an outline, though a very imperfeft one, of 
the chief provisions of thefe two treaties, as they applied 
to other countries befides France. 
1. France was confined within the limits which boun¬ 
ded her territories on the ill of January, 1792, with the 
addition of part of Savoy, which how ever was relinquilhed 
in 1815 to the king of Sardinia. 
2. Auftria recovered Lombardy, and added to it Venice 
with its adjacent territory; poffeffing thus a population 
(29 millions) equal, or very nearly fo, to that of France 
under Napoleon, and confiderably greater than Ihe has 
now, or had in 1792. 
3. To fuperfede the confederation of the Rhine, which 
was diflolved by the downfal of Napoleon, a Germanic 
Confederation was projected. A general afiembly, or 
federative diet, is to meet occafionally at Frankfort, to 
pafs, in the firft inftance, fundamental laws, and after¬ 
wards particular regulations as occafion may require. 
At thefe meetings the plenipotentiary of Auftria is prefi- 
dent. The leading feature of the Confederation, like that 
of the Holy Alliance, is “ to defend each other from all 
attack.” For this purpofe, the military contingent, du¬ 
ring peace, is to be 120,000 men; viz. 96,000 infantry, 
18,000 cavalry, 6000 artillery, &c. In cafe of war, the 
cavalry will be doubled, and the artillery tripled. The 
Generalillimo to have the title of Field-Marlhal of the 
Germanic Confederation. 
4. Ruffin had fuffered no reduftion of her territory, 
but had proceeded in a regular courfe of acquifition. Her 
power, though lefs coloflal than is vulgarly fuppofed, had 
received a fubftantial addition by the acquifition of Fin¬ 
land and of the chief part of Poland. Two thirds of what 
once was Pruffian Poland, and a part of Galicia, were 
formed in 1815 into a kingdom, the crowm of which is 
worn by the czar. 
5. Pruffia, on the other hand, has exhibited a ftriking 
example of the mutability of political greatnefs. Raifed 
by the talents of Frederic II. to a rank above her real 
llrength, but making, after his death, fucceffive additions 
to her territory by the dread of her arms and by diplo¬ 
matic combinations, (lie faw the whole overturned by Bo¬ 
naparte in one fatal campaign. From 1807 to 1813, her 
dominions continued circumfcribed, and her population 
hardly exceeded fix millions. But the arrangements of 
1814 reftored to her a third of Ruffian Poland, and a va¬ 
luable traft of country on the Lower Rhine ; and her po¬ 
pulation is now', as in 1806, above ten millions. 
6. Of colonial conquelts from France, England retained 
Tobago, St. Lucie, and the Ifle of France. The peace 
confirmed alfo our polfeffion of Malta and the Cape. Of 
the other Dutch fettlements, Surinam and Java were re¬ 
ftored ; but Demerara, Berbice, and Eflequebo, contain¬ 
ing a number of Britilh fettlers, were retained ; the mer¬ 
chants of Holland, however, enjoying certain privileges of 
trade with thefe colonies. On the continent of Europe, 
we effected an important and long-defired meafure, the 
union of the feven Dutch and ten Belgic provinces into 
one kingdom. The latter, in their detached (late, prc- 
fented too tempting an objeft for France; and would have 
proved the caufe of repeated wars, in which England, 
from her intereft in the independence of Holland, and her 
dread of invafion, could hardly fail to participate. ~ See 
Netherlands. 
7. The Ioffes of Denmark rank among the moft painful 
confequences of the wars of the French revolution. To 
ftrip that pacific and inoffenfive kingdom, firft of its navy, 
and next of a kindred country, governed by the fame fo- 
vereign during 400 years, were afts that called for the 
regret and condemnation of every unprejudiced obferver. 
The transfer of Norway was oppofed by the inhabitants; 
