596 P A 
are deftroyed, it (hall no more be accounted a park, for 
a park confifts of vert, venifon, and inclofure ; and, if 
it is determined in any of them, it is a total difparking; 
and the king may by letters patent diflolvehis park. Cro. 
Car. 59, 60. 
Parks as well as chafes are fubjedt to the 'common 
law, and are not to be governed by the foreft-laws. 4 
Inft. 314. 
Offenders pulling down park-walls or pales, (hall be lia¬ 
ble to the fame penalty as for killing deer, &c. 
The beft inclofure for a park is a brick or done wall ; 
but, as the expenfe of this is very great, it may be done 
by paling; the pales muff, in this cafe, be of found heart 
of oak ; and fo clofe planted, that no animal of prey 
can make its way in between them ; and, for a farther 
defence, a good quick-fet hedge is very proper, and 
fhould be kept in good order. Some part of the moun¬ 
tain and high wood may conveniently be made a he¬ 
ronry, and (ome part of the middle may be a warren for 
hares and rabbits. Colts and horfes may be bred at 
large in the park; and, in the fummer feafon, it will be 
proper to have cows in the palfure-ground on the plains. 
There fhould be at lead five or fix inclofures in the park, 
that the deer may be (hut out or let in as occafion re¬ 
quires. In the coldeft feafons, they fhould always be 
kgpt in the high woods, where they have good (belter, 
and are to be fqd conftantly by the keepers. In the fum- 
iner fucli a number as are intended to be ufed may alfo 
be kept on the beft ground, that they may thrive quicker 
than thofe intended only for (lore. Some artificial holes 
and caverns fhould alfo be made for the deer to retire 
into in the hot weather, as well as in the cold. 
It is fuppofed by Mr. Loudon, in his A Treatife on 
Country Refidences,” that parks fhould be of two kinds ; 
thofe belonging to (mail houfes, where regard fhould 
principally be had to the value of the pafture, and where 
the pafturing-animals are horfes, cattle, (heep, &c. and 
thofe where grandeur of character is the main objedl. 
In the former fort, the furface of the ground (hould 
be unbroken, but clothed and varied, or characterized 
chiefly by trees, unlefs a few fhrubs of the lowergrowths 
be admitted near the refidences, or the walks of the plea- 
fure or more ornamental parts. The apparent extent of 
this kind of park depends more upon the variety of the 
grounds, and the manner in which the trees and Ihrubs 
are planted, than upon the number of acres. A level or 
uniform furface, (potted by circular, oval, or even an¬ 
gular, clumps, and furrounded by a compadt ferpentine 
belt, as at Duddingfton and fome other places, can never, 
it is fuppofed, appear exter.five ; but a very few acres of 
varied ground, i'prinkled over with light groups, thorns, 
and hollies, appear boundlefs. In fuch a park, every ftep 
prefents a new' compofition, arifing from the varied herds 
of cattle intermingling with the trees, &c. and always 
changing their pofition : and, as there is no permanent 
mark by which one feene can be diftinguiftied from ano¬ 
ther, fo as to know it again, a perfon might wander up 
and down the extent of a few acres for feveral days, with¬ 
out being able to fay whether he was not traverfing a 
jiark of feveral (quare miles. And this is the cafe in na¬ 
tural forefts, as depending on the fame principles. 
In the latter kind of park, nothing, it is believed, can 
contribute fo highly to the neceflary grandeur of eftedf, 
as the wild foreft-ftyle of breaking the ground, and 
planting trees, flirubs, low growths of plants, furze, 
bramble, ferns, See. and ftiowing roots, decayed trunks, 
rocks, or (tones, where they may appear with propriety, 
and, as it were, fortuitoufly. The grazing-animals in 
this cafe (hould be principally deer, a few wild cattle, 
and horfes. It is fuggefted, that, as parks are the pro¬ 
minent features of all extenfive refidences, were this ap¬ 
pearance of wiklnefs and foreft-feenery given to them, 
words could not convey an adequate idea of the beauty 
and grandeur that would be communicated to them, and 
at the fame time to the country at large. The materials 
R K. 
by which this is chiefly to be eftedfed are, as has been 
feen, the proper arrangement of low fhrubby growths, 
wild plants, and foreft-trees. Nothing can, how'ever, 
give an idea of what thefe effedls might be, except looking 
at the fined ranges of foreft-feenery, few of which now 
exift in this country. In the New Foreft, as well as that 
of Needwood, it is however fuppofed, that there are (till 
feledt ranges or tradfs, which the true admirers of na¬ 
ture will view with rapture or enthufiaftic delight, and 
by the imitation of which, vaft ornamental advantages 
might be made to the already beautiful parks of Don- 
nington, Blenheim, and Croom, as well as all thofe ef- 
teemed the fineft in the kingdom. 
Park, as fignifying an enclofure, is ufed upon various 
occafions where another word might do as well, or per¬ 
haps better. Thus, 
Park is the term fora movable pallifade, fet up in the 
fields, to inclofe (heep to feed and reft in during the 
night. This is to be fluffed from time to time, to dung 
the ground one part after another. 
Park is the name given to a very large net, difpofed 
on the brink of the fen, with only one hole, which looks 
towards the fhore, and which becomes dry after the flood 
is gone oft’; fo that the fifti once got in have no way left 
to efcape. 
Park of Artillery, a poft in a camp, out of cannon-fhot 
of the enemy, and fortified to inclofe the train of artil¬ 
lery, and to fecure the magazines and ammunition, as 
well as the battalions of artillery appointed for its fervice 
and defence. 
The park of artillery (hould always be placed, if pof- 
fible, within a fliort diftance of water-carriage ; and have 
the moft ready communication with every part of the line 
of the army. Its form muff depend upon its fituation. 
Ten feet are ufually allowed in front for one carriage and 
its interval, and near 50 feet from the hind wheels of the 
front row to the fore wheels of the fecond ; this interval 
(hould allow fuflicient room for putting the horfes to the 
carriages, and for a free paflage along the line. In parks 
not on immediate fervice, it is cuftomary to arrange the 
guns with their muzzles to the front; but, where the guns 
are likely to be wanted at a fliort notice, appearances 
muft not be ftudied, and the gun-carriages muft be parked 
with the (hafts to the front, ready to receive horfes to 
them. 
Park of Provifions, a place in a camp, on the rear of 
every regiment, which is taken up by the Cutlers, who 
follow the army with all forts of provifions, and fell them 
to the loldiers. Likewife that place where the bread- 
waggons are drawn up, and where the troops receive their 
ammunition-bread, being the ftore of the army. 
To PARK, v.a. To inclofe as in a park: 
How are we park'd, and bounded in a pale ! 
A little herd of England’s tim’rous deer, 
Maz’d with a yelping kennel of French curs. ShakeJ'peare. 
PARK (Mungo), a celebrated traveller, was the fon 
of a farmer on the banks of the Yarrow, near the town 
of Selkirk, in Scotland ; and born on the 10th of Sep¬ 
tember, 1771. After having received the firlt rudiments 
of education in his father’s family, he was removed to a 
grammar-fehool at Selkirk, where he remained fora con- 
fiderable number of years, and where he was diftinguifhed 
by his application and improvement. At this early pe¬ 
riod, though he was fedate, ftudious, and thoughtful, 
he manifefted traces of that ardent and adventurous dil- 
pofition which formed his diftinguifhing charadter in 
future life. Preferring the medical to the ecclefiaftical 
profeflion, for which he was originally defigned, he was 
bound apprentice, at the age of fifteen, to Mr. AnderCon-, 
a relpedtable furgeon at Selkirk ; and, after refiding with 
him for three years, he removed in 1789 to Edinnurgh, 
where he attended the ufual medical ledtures during three 
fucceflive feflions. He diftinguiftied liimfelf among his 
fellow-ftudents by ardour and afliduity in the prolecu- 
tion 
