mi 
PAR 
which a coalition of two or three of the principal land¬ 
holders will not fettle the eledtion according to their 
own views. 
For foine farther particulars, omitted or but flightly 
noticed above, we refer the reader to the articles Eng¬ 
land, vol. vi. p. 798. Government, vol. viii. p. 745. 
King, vol. xi. p. 731. and Ireland, vol. xi. p. 300 and 
362. See alfo, Northmore’s Obfervations on the Natu¬ 
ral and Civil Rights of Mankind, 1781. and Oldfield’s 
Reprefentative Hift. of Great Britain and Ireland, 6 vols. 
Svo. 1816. 
PARLIAMENT-HEE'L,/. (A fea term.) Thefitua- 
tion of a fiiip when (he is made to lean on one-fide in or¬ 
der to clean the other. 
PARLIAMENT-HOU'SE, f The houfe in which the 
parliament ufually meets: 
Far be the thought of this from Henry’s head. 
To make a Ihanibles of the parliament-houfe. Shakefpeare. 
PARLIAMENT-MAN', f. A member of parliament; 
one of the houfe of commons.— Thefe are mob-readers : 
if Virgil and Martial Hood for parliament-?)ten, we know 
who would carry it. Dry den. 
PARLIAMENTARIAN, or Parliamentee'r, /. 
One of thofe who embraced the caufe of the parliament 
againft the king, in the great rebellion.—The very par¬ 
liamentarians reverenced him [bifliop Sanderfon] for his 
learning and his virtue. Aubrey ii. 324..—Colonel Bragge, 
roving about the country very early with a troop of liout 
horfeman, met with a party of parliamenteers or rebels, 
of at leaft 200, at Long Crendon. A. Wood's Life of him- 
Jcf, in 1645. 
PARLIAMENTARIAN, adj. Serving the parlia¬ 
ment in the time of the great rebellion. — He found 
Oxford empty as to fcholars, but pretty well replenilhed 
with parliamentarian foldiers. A. Wood's Life of himjelf, 
in 1646. 
PARLIAMENTARY, adj. Enafled by parliament; 
pertaining to parliament.—Many things, that obtain as 
common law, had their original by parliamentary adds or 
conftitutions, made in writing by the king, lords, and 
commons. Hale. —Credit to run ten millions in debt, 
without parliamentary fecurity, I think to be dangerous 
and illegal. Swift. 
PAR'LIE, a town of Hindooftan, in Guzerat: fix 
miles fouth of Pernalla. 
PAR'LOUR, f. [ parloir , Fr. from purler, to talk, or 
converfe.] A room in monafteries, where the religious 
are permitted to meet and converfe with their friends.— 
A room in houfes on the ground-floor, furnifhed for re¬ 
ception or entertainment; of lefs importance than the 
drawing-room or the dining-room.—Can we judge it a 
thing feemiy for a man to go about the building of an 
houfe to the God of heaven, with no other appearance 
than if his end were to rear up a kitchen or a parlour for 
his own ufe ? Hooker. —It would be infinitely more Ihame- 
ful, in the drefs of the kitchen, to receive the entertain¬ 
ments of the parlour. South. 
Back again fair Alma led them right, 
And foon into a goodly parlour brought. Spenfer. 
Roof and fides were like a parlour made 
A loft recefs, and a coo! fummer fhade. Dryden. 
The fir.ft, forgive my verfe if too difFufe, 
Perform’d the kitchen’s and the parlour's ufe ; 
The fecond, better bolted and immur’d, 
From wolves his out-door family fecur’d. Harte. 
PAR'LOUS, adj. [this might feem to come from par- 
ler, Fr. to Speak; but Junius derives it from perilous, for 
anciently it was written parelous, and ufed in the fenie of 
dangerous; and from this primary fenfe, that of dangerous , 
by way of irony, feems to have been adopted.] Danger¬ 
ous.— The more part of writers were wholly given to 
ferve antichriftes afredles in the parelous ages of the 
churclie. Leland's New Year's Gift. —Keen; Ihrewd.— 
PAR 
Sure fome pedagogue flood at your elbow, and made it 
itch with this parlous criticifm ! Milton's Animadv. Rom. 
Defence. 
One muft be trufted ; and he thought her fit, 
As paffing prudent, and a parlous wit. Dryden. 
P AR'LOUSNESS, f. Quicknefs ; keennefs of temper. 
PAR'MA, or the Parmesan. Under this name are 
included the duchy of Parma Proper, the duchy of Pia¬ 
cenza, and the duchy of Guaftalla. This country is 
bounded on the north by the river Po, which feparates 
it from the Cremonefe and Lodefan, on the eaft by the 
duchy of Modena, on the fouth by Tufcany and Genoa, 
and on the weft by Genoa and the Pavefe; about forty 
miles from north to fouth, and from thirty to forty-eight 
eaft to weft. The foil is fertile in corn, olives, chefnuts, 
and fruits of various kind. The paftures are excellent; 
theebeefeand wool in great eftimation. This country 
once formed a republic, which, being divided into fac¬ 
tions, was the occafion of many battles ; it was fometimes 
fubjeft to the pope, fometimes to the emperors, and af¬ 
terwards to the dukes of Milan, then to the French, and, 
when they were expelled out of Italy, it was re-united to 
the church. In the year 1345, Paul III. granted it to 
his natural fon Peter Aloyfius, or Farnefe, from whom 
that family fprung. Elizabeth Farnefe, the only heirefs 
of the duke, becoming queen of Spain, contrived to ob¬ 
tain the duchies of Parma and Piacenza for her two fons ; 
and fo it was fettled at the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 
the year 1748. Piacenza, which ought to have belonged 
to the king of Sardinia, and Parma, which had been con¬ 
quered by the houfe of Auftria, were ceded to the infant 
Don Philip; 011 condition, however, that in default of 
male heirs, the country Ihould return to thofe by whom 
they had been abandoned. The pope, however, never 
confented to this, and every year protefted againlt the in- 
veftiture. 
By the treaty ofLuneville in 1801, the duke of Parma 
was nominated by the emperor and the French republic 
to the throne of Tufcany, with the title of King of Etru¬ 
ria ; of which he foon after took pofleflion. This king - 
dom was not fated to fee a long line of princes either good 
or bad, being totally diflolved in the year 1808. See the 
articles Hetruria and Italy. 
By the 4th article of the treaty of Paris, April 1814, 
thefe ftates were afligned to the emprefs Maria I.ouifa, 
and the right of fucceeding to her was, by the fame arti¬ 
cle, fe cured to her fon. (See p. 500 of this volume.) But, 
after the fecond expulfion of Napoleon from France, the 
Aft of Con^refs, (June 1815,) though it ftill (Art. 99.) re¬ 
cognized her right to the three duchies, yet paved the way 
for difinheriting the young Napoleon her fon, by the fol¬ 
lowing addition to that article: “The reverfibility of 
thefe countries fliall be determined by the common con- 
fent of the courts of Auftria, Ruffia, France, Spain, Eng¬ 
land, and Pruffia.” 
By the fame Afl of Congrefs the ex-queen of Etruria, 
who was-an infanta of Spain, and whofe original title was 
Duchefs of Parma, was provided for as follows : 
Art. 101. The principality of Lucca fliall be poflefled 
in full fovereignty by her majefty the infanta Maria Louifa, 
and her defendants, in the direff male line. This prin¬ 
cipality is eredled into a duchy; and a rent of 500,000 
francs is added to the revenue, to be paid regularly by 
the emperor of Auftria and the grand duke ot Tufcany, 
as long as circumftances Ihall prevent them from procu¬ 
ring for her majefty and her fon, and her defendants, 
fome other eftablifnment. 
102. The duchy of Lucca fliall be revertible tq the 
grand duke of Tufcany, in cafe of the death of her ma¬ 
jefty the infanta Maria Louifa, of her fon Don Carlos, 
and of their defendants; or in cafe the infanta Maria 
Louifa, or her diredl heirs, Jhall obtain any other ejlar- 
blijhment. 
Adfing upon the fpirit of thefe articles, it was deter¬ 
mined 
